Exercise 11. Find corresponding equivalents

1. перетравлювати їжу 2. невід'ємна частина 3. для того, щоб виділити хімічні речовини 4. атмосферний вільний кисень 5. життя та ріст мікроогранізмів 6. важливіша причина смерті людини 7. процес поділу клітин 8. погіршувати здоров,я 9. паличкоподібні бактерії 10. викликати інфекцію 11. умови навколишнього середовища 12. збільшувати(ся) у розмірі до певної межі

1. atmospheric free oxygen 2. process of bacterial division 3. the conditions of the environment 4. rod –shaped bacteria 5. to cause skin infection 6. life and growth of microorganisms 7. to increase in size up to a certain limit 8. the major cause of human death 9. to impair the health 10. to digest food 11. in order to to secrete chemicals 12. the essential part

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences:

· A microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism, which may be…

· … must have atmospheric free oxygen for their life and growth.

· One knows that oxygen is unfavourable for ….

· Rod-shaped bacteria are called ….

· When bacterium multiplies it…

· Under optimal conditions bacterial population can double as quickly as …

· Pathogens are the microorganisms that can ….

· Bacteria are used in medicine for ….

Exercise 13. *Fill in the gaps with the words and word-combinations from the box:

On 17 March 2013, _____ reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, the_________ spot on the Earth. Other researchers reported related studies that __________thrive inside rocks up to 1900 feet (580 metres) below ________under 8500 feet (2590 metres) of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. _________ to one of the researchers,"You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to_____, and survive wherever they are."

According; microbes; conditions; deepest; the sea floor; researchers

Exercise 14. *Fill in prepositions from the box below where necessary

Microorganisms live in every part of the biosphere including soil, hot springs, …. the ocean floor, high in the atmosphere and deep inside rocks …. the Earth's crust. Microorganisms are crucial … nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers. As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen, they are a vital part … the nitrogen cycle, and recent studies indicate that airborne microbes may play a role in precipitation and weather.

Microbes are also exploited …. people in biotechnology, both in traditional food and beverage preparation, and in modern technologies based on genetic engineering. However there are many pathogenic microbes which are harmful and can even cause death in plants and animals.

within; of; to; by; on

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