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III. Read the text and underline the international words.

Читайте также:
  1. At an International Language School
  2. AU SEIN DE LA FACULTÉ DES RELATIONS JURIDIQUES INTERNATIONALES
  3. B). Open the brackets. c). Put questions to the underlined words.
  4. Exercise 1. Learn the new words.
  5. Exercise 11. Put questions to the subjects. Then put special questions to the underlined words.
  6. Exercise 13. Put questions to the underlined words.
  7. Fill in the missing words.

Gas and oil pipelines are very different in their design and

modes of operation. Gas has a low volumetric heat capacity, warms quickly when compressed, and cools quickly when ex­panded. The quantity of gas transported is greater when the gas is compressed to a high density. However, the gas will get hot when passing through the compressor system. Between compressor stations some expansion and cooling will occur.

Deliberate cooling of the gas is necessary when it is trans­ported through a pipeline buried in the permafrost. The gas in some pipelines is at a pressure as great as 12 megapascals. Af­ter compression, the hot gas must be cooled by refrigeration. A detailed discussion of gas pipeline construction and the envi­ronmental problems associated with its traversal of perma­frost or of active soil layers is found in the city of Williams (1979).

An application was made to the Canadian government in 1974 to build a gas pipeline up the Mackenzie River valley. The Canadian government decided not to allow the Mackenzie valley route, but agreed inistead to build the Alcan gas pipeline parallel to the oil pipeline from Prudhoe Bay to Fairbanks, Alaska; this pipeline was to cross the southern Yukon and follow the Alcan highway to southern Canada, where the pipe­line would branch out to California or to the upper Midwest. (This route avoids the northern Yukon coastal plain, where there is unique wildlife habitat and where the native rights of Eskimos are an important consideration). However, because of a changing oil and gas market, this Alcan gas pipeline has not been built.


 

Other gas pipeline proposals are under consideration. Among these is a proposal for a pipeline to carry gas from sources in the Canadian Arctic Islands down the west side of Hudson Bay and into eastern Canada. This particular pipeline would need to be installed under the Arctic Ocean between the Boothia Peninsula, Bathurst Island, and Milville Island. The technical challenge of doing this will be enormous. Grooves in the seabed caused by the ploughing of icebergs can occur. Pressure ridges of winter sea ice may scrape the seabed, and floating ice islands may rake the bottom. The pipeline going from the seabed to shore encounters severe problems with wa­ves and floating ice-problems more severe than those encoun­tered with river crossings. However, these technical problems eventually will be solved, and we will have gas pipelines in the Arctic Ocean and in the Antarctic Ocean.

 

IV. Make up word combinations.

Gas and oil pnpeliies Gas and oil pipelines
vricmetolu heat capacity  
uqtantiy of gas  
high nsietdy  
eenmvloimtan problems  
active soil lrayse  
prrcoessom system  
nquuei wildlife habitat  

 

 


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Читайте в этой же книге: Создание собственного видеофрагмента. | I. Word usage and common errors. | IV. Answer the questions. | Pipelines | Pipeline components | Task 5. Pipelines Classification | V. Look through these descriptions and give the words they describe. Try to improve the incomplete descriptions. | Task 7. Leak Detection Systems | Task 8. Safety. Ecological and Environmental Impact | Some more facts... |
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VII.Complete the sentences.| Give the title to the extract and discuss the problem.

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