Упражнения на развитие наблюдательно- сти при описании предметов и явлений

I. 25 вопросов и ответов. Упражнение на зрительное внимание.

Упражнение тренирует зрительное внимание к привычному предмету, вскрывает понятийную сочетаемость данной лексиче­ской единицы, закрепляет навык постановки общих, специаль­ных, разделительных и альтернативных вопросов, вводит неко­торые новые обиходные слова, тренирует навык владения струк­турой короткого повествовательного предложения, способствует развитию спонтанной реакции в рамках модели «вопрос— ответ» и употреблению отдельных разговорных формул. Упраж­нение выполняется всеми обучаемыми; каждый новый вопрос должен относиться к какой-нибудь не охарактеризованной ранее стороне предмета.

Образец:

1. What colour is the table?

2. Is the table big?

3. What material is the table made of?

4. What sort of wood could it be made of?

5. What are the component.parts of the table?

6. What are the parts of the table fixed with?

7. Where was the table made?

8. Is the table covered with varnish?

9. What do we call a skilled workman who makes tables?-

10. Is the surface of the tab­le stained with ink?

11. The drawer of the table is rather spacious, isn't it?

12. Is the drawer varnished inside?

13. Is the table high or low?

14. Are the legs of the table dirty at the bottom?

15. The table isn't rickety, is it?

16. Is it new?

17. What is the function of the table?

18. Can you call it a suppor­ting stand?

19. What would you keep in the drawer?

20. Would you put a reading lamp on it?

The table is yellow. In my opinion it is. It is made of wood.

It's made of limewood, I guess.

The table consists of a board, four legs and a drawer. They are fixed with bolts, I think.

It was made at the local furniture factory, I believe. It seems to me it is.

We call such a man a joiner or a cabinet-maker.

Well, I can't see any stains on it.

I think it is.

No, it is not.

It is rather low. As far as I can see they are slightly dirty.

No, I don't think it is.

I believe it is.

Normally we have a table to read, to write as well as to take meals at.

Sure, we can keep anything on it: books, exercise-books, pens, a bag and so on.

I would keep my exercise- books, a pencil-box, some paper, an eraser, pens, envelopes in the drawer.

It goes without saying I would.

21. Would you find it conveni­ent to rest your elbows on the table while reading?

22. There is an inkstand on the table, isn't there?

Of course, it's very conveni ent to read this way.

Yes, there is one.

Yes, there are some.

23. Can you notice any scratches on the surface of the table?

24. What could it be that made them?

25. When do you usually stare at the table?

Oh, I think something sharp is put on it time and again.

Oh, it's when 1 am out of sorts or when I am hesitating about what to do next.

2. Два предмета. Упражнение на определение различия и сходства между двумя подобными предметами.

Упражнение способствует развитию наблюдательности, а также закрепляет знание антонимических пар, развивает навык свободного употребления форм степеней сравнения прилага­тельных и притяжательных местоимений.

Образец:

Учитель: What is the difference between the two pencils?

Ученик A.: They are different colours. This one is red and that one is black.

Ученик Б.: The red pencil is longer than the black one.

Ученик В.: The.red pencil has scratches on it and the black one is smooth.

Ученик Г.: The red one belongs to Tom and the black one belongs to Pete.

Ученик Д.: Pete keeps his in the pocket and Tom keeps his pencil in the pencil-box.

Учитель: Is there any similarity between the two pencils?

Ученик A.: Both of them are meant for writing.

Ученик E.: For drawing, too.

Ученик Ж.: They were made at the same factory.

Ученик 3.: Both of them are rather thin.

3. Что нужно отремонтировать? Упражнение на поисковое и оценочное внимание.

Наряду с психологической задачей на поисковое и оценочное внимание, которая решается при выполнении этого упражнения, закрепляется употребление модального глагола to have to, фор­мы Indefinite Tenses в пассивном залоге.

Образец:

— What has to be repaired in the room?

— In my opinion, the table is rickety and it has to be fixed.

— I think the parquet floor has to be varnished once again.

4. Описание. Упражнение на спонтанное описание предмета.

13-1202

Задание выполняется одним обучаемым, а класс дополняет его, используя при этом активную лексику.

Образец:

Учитель: Comrade P., will you kindly describe the book, lying on the table, in the greatest possible detail?

Ученик: This book is an English reader for 9th form students. It contains a number of short stories written by Earnest Hemingway, Jack London and other prominent American authors. The stories are quite thrilling and contain a touch of romanticism as they depict the life of courageous people. So much for the contents. What else could I say about the book? It is very interesting and you would never skip a page when reading. The book is pretty thick. There are several pictures in it. It's a paperback edition. The cover looks quite attractive. To put it in a nutshell, I enjoy reading it.

5. Перемещения. Упражнение на композиционное внимание.

Упражнение используется для введения и закрепления лек­сики, обозначающей пространство и связи между объектами, а также для автоматизации навыков употребления времен Present Continuous Tense, Past Continuous Tense и вежливых форм обращения.

Учитель назначает одного из учеников ведущим и про­сит его выйти из класса, а остальным ученикам предлагает поменяться местами в произвольном порядке. Возвратившись в класс, ведущий должен указать обычные места учеников и пред­ложить каждому возвратиться на свое место. Учащиеся соответ­ственно реагируют на правильное или неправильное утверж­дение.

Образец:

Ведущий: Pete, you were sitting at the third desk. Now you are sitting at the seventh desk in the same row. Could you kindly take your own seat?

Питер: With pleasure. I am taking my own seat.

Ведущий: Tom, you were at the left side of the fourth desk in the central row. Now you are sitting at the right side of the same desk. Could you kindly change seats with Kate?

Том: I am sorry but you are mistaken. Honestly, I was sitting here. This is my seat.

Ведущий: I am sorry indeed to have bothered you.

Том: Oh, it's perfectly all right.

Ведущий: Ruth, you were sitting alone and now Mike is sitting at your desk, too.

Рут: I am sorry, I am not to blame. Mike did that on his own.

Ведущий: I don't mean that. I'd prefer Mike to take his own seat. He was sitting at the second desk in the rignt-hand row.

Майк: I am sorry indeed to have taken so much of your time. That's true, I was sitting there. I am taking my own seat.

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