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Exercise 1. Read and translate (see the Introduction for details).

Читайте также:
  1. Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate words or expressions from the box. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
  2. Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate words or expressions from the box. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
  3. Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.
  4. Exercise
  5. Exercise 1. Read and translate (see the Introduction for details).
  6. Exercise 11. Work in pairs. Study the Vocabulary below and then translate Text 10

 

Tort law is one of the major divisions (1) of the law. A 1. основні розділи;

“tort” (2) is a civil wrong (3) as distinguished from crime. 2. делікт;


A crime is a public wrong (4).

What is a Tort? A tort is the breach of a legal duty which


3. цивільне

правопорушення;


causes some kind of compensable injury (5) or loss to per- 4. кримінальна карана


son, property, or rights.


шкода суспільству;


Requirements for a Tort. In general, four elements must 5. шкода, яку можна


coincide for an act to constitute a tort (6) on which a law-


компенсувати;


suit can be based. These elements are: (1) a legal duty (7) 6. становити делікт;

owed by one person to another; (2) violation of the duty; (3) 7. встановлений законом


injury or loss to the plaintiff (8); (4) the violation of the

duty is the proximate cause (9) of the injury or loss.

The first requirement for a tort is the presence of a legal

duty owed by one person to another. The nature and scope

of these duties (10) are defined mainly by case law. An ex-


обов’язок;

8. тілесне ушкодження,

майнова шкода або

обмеження прав

заявника;


ample of a duty which is important in many lawsuits is the 9. безпосередня причина;

broad rule that a person must act with reasonable regard 10. обсяг цих обов’язків;


for the safety of others (11).

The second requirement for a tort is a breach (12) of

the legal duty. Normally, the issue of whether a legal duty

exists is a question of law, and the issue of whether the duty


11. враховуючи

необхідність

забезпечення безпеки

інших осіб;


has been violated is a question of fact. The judge decides 12. порушення;

whether the law imposes a duty (13), but the jury decides 13. накладати (ставити


whether or not the defendant breached the duty.


за) обов’язок;


The third requirement for a tort is injury or loss suffered 14. важливе право або


by the plaintiff. The injury or loss may be a physical injury,


інтерес;


injury to property, or injury to (or loss of) a valuable right 15. порушення без


or interest (14). In the absence of injury or loss, violation of


спричинення шкоди;


a legal duty is a “wrong without harm” (15) or “damnum 16. слугувати підставою


absque injuria”. Moreover, the injury or loss must be signifi-


(виправданням) для;


cant enough to warrant (16) the court’s time in providing 17. визначення розмірів


and enforcing a remedy (17).

The fourth requirement for a tort is that the defendant’s


відшкодувань та їх

стягнення;


breach of duty is a proximate cause of injury or loss to the plain- 18. істотний чинник;

tiff. Legally, an act is a proximate cause of an event if the act is 19. спричинення


a substantial factor (18) in bringing about the event (19).


настання події.


 



 


Дата добавления: 2015-08-13; просмотров: 133 | Нарушение авторских прав


Читайте в этой же книге: Глава 1-я. - как происходят избрания рукополагаемых епископов и о бывающем при них прекословии | Глава 16-я. - о том, что епископ не должен совершать хиротонии в епархиях, ему не подчиненных | Exercise 3B. Translate into Ukrainian. | Exercise 3C. Translate into English. | Exercise 6. Translate into Ukrainian. | Exercise 8. Work in pairs. Translate the following two texts into Ukrainian. Use | Lowing texts into English. | VOCABULARY – 6 | VOCABULARY – 9 | ENGLISH – UKRAINIAN |
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UKRAINIAN – ENGLISH| Exercise 1C. Translate into English.

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