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Constitutional Law

Constitutions are the supreme sources of law. The federal Constitution of the USA is said to be «the supreme law of the land.» This means that any state law ­including a part of a state constitution - is void to the extent that it conflicts with the federal Constitution.

The Supreme Court of the United States is the final interpreter of the federal Constitution and each.state supreme court is the final authority on the meaning of its state constitution.

The federal and state constitutions allocate powers:

1. Between the people and their governments,

2. Between state governments and the federal go­vernment, and.

3. Among the branches of the governments.

The federal Constitution is the main instrument for allocating powers between persons and their governments. It does this with its first ten amendments to the constitution, called the Bill of Rights, which protect citizens from certain acts of their governments. Important rights of citizens are included in the Bill of Rights. They are:

1. freedom of religion,

2. freedom of speech, press, and peaceable assembly,

3. security in person and property against unreasonable searches and seizures,

4. right to remain silent if accused of a crime, and to have a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury,

5. protection from any cruel or unusual punishment if convicted of a crime,

6. right to fair compensation for private property taken by the government for any public purpose, and

7. protection from deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Вариант II

1. Установите соответствия между фразами и словами:

a) probate 1. Agreements when a person administers property for another person’s benefit.

b) contracts 2. Illegal actions committed by one individual against another person.

c) trusts 3. Examination in a law court before a judge (or judge and jury).

d) torts 4. Agreements between people or companies.

e) a trial 5. Agreement for dealing with property after the owner’s death.

2. П ереведи­те предложения:

1. General Jurisdiction means that a court can consider any type of case.

2. There are 50 state law and procedure systems in the U.S. plus one Federal System.

3. The vast majority of all civil cases in the U.S., like the vast majority of all criminal cases, are not tried – they are settled.

4. Special Jurisdiction means that a court only handles one type of case: may be juvenile; family (divorces, adoptions); criminal; bankruptcy.

5. In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law.

3. Перепишите предложения в пассивном залоге и переведите их:

1. We don’t allow smoking in this restaurant.

Smoking ….

2. I have told the children about the accident.

The children ….

3. We expect people not to talk during the trial.

People ….

4. You mustn’t touch this button while the experiment is in progress.

This button ….

5. Someone will blow a whistle if there is an emergency.

A whistle ….

4. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму и переведите их:

1. The officers take the evidence from the witnesses.

2. The police interviewed the suspect last Monday.

3. They will apprehend the criminal.

4. We saw a car which had been broken down.

5. They have parked their car in the wrong place lately.

5. Задайте все возможные вопросы к предложениям и переведите предложения:

1. The investigating officer traces and locates criminals.

2. Three witnesses gave evidence in the court last week.

3. The police inspector will interview the suspect..

6. Перепишите каждое предложение как утвердительное, вопросительное или отрицательное согласно указанию и переведите эти предложения:

1. I study at the Kazan Law Institute. (question)

2. Did they interrogate suspects last night? (positive)

3. The judge will not read the sentence to the accused in an hour. (question)

4. Do they make a plan of the investigation? (positive)

5. She has just worked out a plan of a bank robbery. (negative)

7. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую временную форму и переведите предложения:

1. You (to see) the criminal today?

2. He just (to come) home.

3. I (to see) the policeman last week.

4. The militia officer (to promise) to take you to the court?

5. I already (to interrogate) the arrested criminal.

8. Раскройте скобки, переведите предложения на русский язык, об­ращая внимание на придаточные предложения условия и времени:

1. When he (to give) a lecture in Administrative Law, all the students (to listen) to it.

2. If you (to stay) at crime scene, I (to call) the police.

3. Jane (to speak) with Tom about the accident if she (to meet) him.

4. As soon as we (to see) the police officer, I (to show) him the suspect,

5. Please (to stay) here until I (to return).

9. П ереведите предложения:

1. He can investigate this accident.

2. You may go to the crime scene.

3. I must interrogate him now.

4. He should be more confident during the interrogation.

5. When is the trial to start?

Дата добавления: 2015-08-13