The notion of stylistic function

Correlation of style, norm, and function

Norm \ Neutrality:: Stylistic colouring

“Style – is deviation from Norm”= departure from the Norm (G.Leech, M.Riffaterre, M.Halliday, R.Jacobson).

Y.M.Skrebnev: “each of the national languages has a norm of its own”.

Y.M.Skrebnev: “There are many Norms as there are sublanguages”.

Neutrality

Stylistically Stylistically

coloured specific :: neutral non-specific

elements elements

Stylistically coloured specific elements

Formal vocabulary:: Informal vocabulary

Bookish:: Colloquial

Correct:: Common

Roman Jacobson Casual:: Non-casual

The notion of stylistic function

Connotation – is a notion, denoting “additional components of meaning which express some emotional colouring or evaluation of the object named” V.V.Gurevich).

Stylistic connotations may be Inherent and Adherent(occasional).

According to the works of Prof.I.R.Arnold, Z.Y.Turaeva (the Leningrad school) - Connotative meaning consists of 4 components: emotive, evaluative, expressive, stylistic. The emotive component of connotation

Emotive connotations express various feelings (love, respect, dignity) and emotions (pleasure, surprise, anger). words with emotive connotations:: words, describing or naming emotions and feelings

The evaluative component of connotation

Negative, positive, ironic or other types of connotation conveying the speaker’s attitude.

Expressive connotation either increases or decreases the expressiveness of the message (intensifiers).

A word possesses stylistic connotation if it belongs to a certain functional style or a specific layer of vocabulary (archaisms, barbarisms, slang, etc).

2. Style and norm: The Varieties of the language

1. Territorial varieties

Literary Norm

Standard English:: Non-standard English.

V.V.Gurevich Standard English - is “the variant that is fixed in the written language, works of fiction, in radio and TV speech”.

Non-standard English - is represented by dialects and variants of the language found in the different geographical areas where English is used.

2. Vocabulary in the aspect of time

archaic or obsolete words that belong to some previous of language development.

“Historisms” - words that reflect some phenomena belonging to the past times.

Neologisms – are the words that have recently come into the language and are still felt as rather new Comparatively new borrowings from other languages, which are not yet completely assimilated in the language (phonetically or grammatically), are stylistically marked as foreign words (sometimes as barbarisms) V.V.Gurevich.

3. Stylistic devices:approaches

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