1. Motherboard is the main board in a computer, into which the circuits are plugged.
2. Device is a combination of physical components forming a unit that performs a specific function, such as storage or I/O.
3. ROM is a type of memory chip that can be read but cannot be written on or altered.
4. Drive is a unit that reads and writes data on an external storage device.
5. Driver is a program that controls devices or other programs.
6. Access is the ability to store or retrieve data.
7. Bus is a circuit for the transfer of data or electrical signal between two devices.
8. Mode is a method or condition of operation.
9. Multitasking is the technique of concurrently executing a number of related tasks in the same partition.
10. Program is a logically arranged set programming statements defining the operation to be performed by a computer.
III. Ask students to read the words as they are used in the following sentences and to try to come up with students’ own definition.
1. Using computers to create graphics and sounds, virtual reality makes the viewer believe he or she is in another world.
2. Three-dimensional images are created using technology that fools the viewers’ mind into perceptive depth.
3. Plug a terminal directly into the brain via a prepared skull and you can enter cyberspace.
4. I’ve got a set of eyephones, 3D goggles, a fiber optic glove and the rest of the gear.
5. There are many word substitutes for invalids, e.g. the handicapped, challenged by birth or by accidents, disabled people.
6. The bowman took a deep breath, aimed at the target and shot, but the arrow went astray.
Virtual reality – a computer-generated environment that, to the person experiencing it, closely resembles reality.
Three-dimensional (3D) – having, or relating to three dimensions; simulating the effect of depth by presenting slightly different views of a scene to each eye.
Cyberspace – all of the data stored in a large computer or network represented as a three-dimensional model through which a virtual-reality user can move.
Gear – equipment for a particular operation.
Disabled – lacking one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one’s movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment
To go astray – to be mislaid; go missing.
Grammar explanation
Explain students the formation of the Present Perfect Tense. You may use it as a self-study activity. Additional information students can find in “Essential Grammar In Use. Raymond Murphy”.
Ask students to listen to the Present Perfect explanation from BBC Learning English (06:00 min).
BBC Learning English
Grammar Challenge
http://www.bbclearningenglish.com/
Nuala’s Grammar Explanation:
Present perfect
Nuala: Elena used the present perfect ‘I’ve lived’. We use the present perfect when we want to talk about a period of time that started in the past and continues until now. If the activity is completed or finished or we mention the exact time something happened, we use the past simple. Listen to Finn:
Finn: I lived in London for 20 years.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down Finn’s words and to pronounce them.
Continue playing the audio file.
We use the present perfect to talk about an action that began in the past and is still continuing now, sometimes called the unfinished past.
Finn: I haven’t experienced many cities in my life.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down Finn’s words and to pronounce them.
Continue playing the audio file.
He hasn’t experienced many cities in his life. The period of time we are talking about is his life, which hasn’t finished yet.
Elena: I’ve lived here for 6 years.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down Elena’s words and to pronounce them.
Continue playing the audio file.
She’s lived here for six years means she came to London six years ago and she’s still here now.
So, to recap then: We use the present perfect to talk about an action or state that began in the past and is still continuing now. That’s all from me, good luck with your grammar challenge!
Host: OK. That’s the Present Perfect. Are you ready for your grammar challenge?
Fatima: Yes, I am ready.
H: OK. We are going to talk a little bit about the actor Tom Cruise. With the prompts that I give you have to make a true sentence about Tom. OK. Here is the first one.
He …………. acting in films in 1981. Begin.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down the answer they think is correct.
Continue playing the audio file.
F: He began acting in films in 1991.
H: Oh, in 1981.
F: Oh, in 1981.
H: OK. Well done. OK. That was the Simple Past. Good.
He …………. more than 30 movies. Start.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down the answer they think is correct.
Continue playing the audio file.
F: He starts-ts-ts. I don’t know.
H: Do you think it’s Present Perfect or Past Simple?
F: Past Simple, I think.
H: Is he making movies now?
F: Yes. Still.
H: So, he’s still making movies. So, he can start in some more movies.
F: He has started more than 30 movies.
H: OK. Well done.
He ……………. three Golden Globe Awards. Win.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down the answer they think is correct.
Continue playing the audio file.
F: He has won three Golden Globe Awards.
H: Excellent.
He ……………. in the first Mission Impossible film in 1996. And use the verb “act”.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down the answer they think is correct.
Continue playing the audio file.
F: He acted in the first Mission Impossible film in 1996.
H: You got. Exactly. There is the Simple Past because we have 1996. It’s in the past, it’s finished. It’s Simple Past.
He …………….. three times. Be married.
Stop the audio file and ask students to write down the answer they think is correct.
Continue playing the audio file.
F: He married three times.
H: If he was dead you could say that. But he is still alive. So, maybe he ….
F: He has been married three times. H: Excellent. Very good. Well done.
Check students’ answers.
Then ask students to listen to the Present Perfect explanation from BBC Learning English once more. Ask students to tell what the audio file is about.
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. Working in pairs. Ask students to look at the picture and discuss with your partner what computer parts are the main and what parts are not obligatory for work on a computer.
II. Divide students into small groups and ask them to discuss the question:
What is important for optimum computer work (CPU clock, hard disk, motherboard, RAM, ROM, video card, audio card)?
III. Ask students to discuss with their partner for what purposes one can use a computer nowadays.
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