Challenging Vocabulary. delineate v.(formal) to describe, draw or explain something in

delineate v.(formal) to describe, draw or explain something in

detail.

to pass muster to be accepted as satisfactory.

surveillance n. the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime, or a place where a crime may be committed.

wiretap v. to listen secretly to other people’s telephone conversations by attaching a device to the telephone line.

TASK V Fill in the correct word or word combination in the appropriate grammar form from Task IV.

1. Nothing can justify illegal … and ….

2. Our objectives need to be precisely ….

3. The explanation can’t … ….

4. The police have been keeping her under ….

TASK VI Add at least three nouns to each of the following words to form word combinations.

Enumerated adj., implied adj., inherent adj., delineate v., provide v., express adj., infer v., preserve v., illegal adj., suggest v., contemplate v., lawful adj., domestic adj.

Task VII Change the form of the words by adding negative prefixes.

Identified, necessary, security, constitutional, legal, lawful.

TASK VIII а) Match the words on the left with their synonyms on the right. Make up sentences or word combinations with them.

1. to imply	a. to conclude
2. to delineate	b. to maintain
3.express	c. to excuse
4. to infer	d. lawful
5. to preserve	e. intrinsic
6. to justify	f. to consider
7. legal	g. to suggest
8. to contemplate	h. precise
9. inherent	i. to describe

b) Match the words and word combinations on the left with their antonyms on the right. Make up sentences or word combinations with them.

1. general adj. 1. to undermine

2. to imply 2. ambiguous

3. express adj. 3. to state

4. to preserve 4. to be inappropriate

5. to pass muster 5. specific

6. dissent n. 6. vague

7. in theory 7. peace-time

8. specific 8. in practice

9. war- time 9. assent

TASK IX Make up sentences with the following phrases using the text.

express authority

to identify presidential powers as

powers that can be inferred from

in one’s words

the “gray area” of the constitution

the holder of the execution power

to go beyond the enumerated powers

to take steps

to preserve the country’s security

to pass muster

in theory

it suggests that …

the Constitution contemplates …

to have extraordinary powers

to justify illegal wiretaps, surveillance and break–ins

TASK X Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate grammar form. Then consult the text and explain the usage. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Scholars … … (to identify) presidential powers as enumerated, implied, or inherent.

2. Those powers that … … (to enumerate) in the Constitution provide express authority.

3. Implied powers refer to those that can … … (to infer) from express grants.

4. … a president can … (to go) beyond his enumerated powers and take whatever steps are necessary to preserve the country’s security, even if his action might … (to be) unconstitutional.

5. … Nixon …. … (to ask) whether in theory a president … … (to justify) in doing something illegal if he believes it is in the best interests of the nation.

6. For Nixon domestic political dissent … … (define) as a state of war that justified illegal wiretaps, surveillance, and break-ins.

TASK XI Paraphrase the sentences paying attention to the underlined parts of the sentences. You may transform the structure of the sentences.

1. For general purposes of categorization scholars have identified presidential powers as enumerated, implied, or inherent.

2. Implied powers refer to those that can beinferred from express grants.

3. The inherent power is the “gray area” of the Constitution.

4. As holder of the executive power a president can go beyond his enumerated powers and take whatever steps are necessarytopreserve the country’s security.

5. The President is that far of a sovereign, that far above the law.

TASK XII Complete the sentences.

1. Richard Nixon identified the inherent power as ….

2. During a televised interview with David Frost, Richard Nixon emphasized that..

TASK XIII Translate into Russian.

1. For general purpose of categorization scholars have identified presidential powers as enumerated, implied, or inherent. Those powers that are enumerated (or clearly delineated) in the Constitution provide express authority.

2. Implied powers refer to those that can be inferred from express grants. The inherent power is the “gray area” of the Constitution.

3. This reasoning worked during the Civil war but could not pass muster during Watergate.

4. Is there anything in the Constitution or the Bill of Rights that suggests that the President is that far of a sovereign, that far above the law?

5. In war time, a President does have certain extraordinary powers which would make acts that would otherwise be unlawful, lawful if undertaken for the purpose of preserving the nation and the Constitution.

TASK XIV Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. What are the categories of presidential powers? Characterize them.

2. Can a president as holder of the executive power go beyond his enumerated powers to preserve the country’s security?

What is Richard Nixon’s view on the subject?

TASK XV Discussion points.

1.Do you share the view that a president can be justified in doing something illegal if he believes it is in the best interests of the nation? Give your arguments. Use the following phrases:

To my mind. It seems to me… It should be added that…., The point I am trying to make… Let me add that…. On this point I cannot agree with… Another thing to remember is….

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