Words beginning with

gr- suggest something unpleasant or miserable: groan-to make a long deep sound because you are in pain, upset, or disappointed; ………………………………………………….. grumble – complain in a bad-tempered way. ………………………………………………….. grunt– make low, rough sounds like pigs do ………………………………………………….. growl - if an animal growls, it makes a long deep angry sound ………………………………………………….	cl– suggest something sharp or metallic: click-to make a short sharp sound …………………………………………………… clang –make a loud ringing noise …………………………………………………… cip-clop– horses go clip-clop on the road …………………………………………………… clank – make a dull metallic sound, not as loud as clang. …………………………………………………….
sp- have with water, liquids or powders: spit- to force a small amount of the liquid in your mouth out of your mouth ………………………………………………….. spray – send liquid through the air in tiny drops …………………………………………… sprinkle - to scatter small drops of liquid or small pieces of something ……………………………………………………	wh- suggest the movement of air: whistle - to make a high or musical sound by blowing air out through your lips …………………………………………………… whirr– to make a sound like a bird’s wings ……………………………………………………. whiz - to move very quickly, often making a sound like something rushing through the air ……………………………………………………

Words ending in

-ash suggest something fast and violent: smash- to break into pieces violently or noisily …………………………………………………….. crash- to strike suddenly violently and noisily …………………………………………………….

-zzle, -ckle, - ggle suggest something light and repeated: trickle -if liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly in drops or in athin stream …………………………………………………… giggle – laugh in a light or silly way ……………………………………………………. sizzle–to make a hissing sound like something cooking in fat …………………………………………………….

170 Guess the meanings of these onomatopoeic words.

1 The child sploshed through the puddles.

2 If you have a sore throat, try gargling with some salt water.

3 I couldn’t concentrate on the play because of the rustle of sweet papers behind me.

4 Speak up. Don’t mumble.

5 That step always creak s.

6 He whacked the ball into the air.

171 Look at the picture of sounds that things make and complete the sentences with an appropriate

sound word.

1 Bess …… buzz… ……………………………

2 Glasses ……………………………………..

3 A whip ……………………………………….

4 A fire …………………………………………

5 Cymbals …………………………………….

6 An apple …………………………………….

7 A drink ………………………………………

8 A punctured tyre ……………………………

9 A car …………………………………………

10 Sausages …………………………………..

11 A small stick ……………….. when broken

12 A person diving i9nto the sea …………….

13 Boots in mud ……………………………….

14 A clock ………………………………………

15 An alarm clock …………………………….

16 A champagne cork coming out …………..

17 A fan ………………………………………...

18 Thin metal tubes ……………………………

172 Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs in the box.

cick whirr sizzle clink groan crash splash trickle

1 She heard his key …………….. as it turned in the lock.

2 The blades of the helicopter ………………………..noisily.

3 I love to hear sausages …………………….. in the pan!

4 They ……………………………. the glasses and drank to each other’s health.

5 There was a terrible car …………………………. on the motorway today.

6 Everyone ………………………….. with disappointment at the news.

7 The baby loves ……………………… in its bath.

8 I can feel raindrops ………………………. down the back of my neck.

173 Match the words on the left with the sounds on the right.

- Schoolchildren - A bad-tempered person or dog - The bell on a cat’s collar - A bored child - A fire - A churchbell - A steam train - A prisoner’s chain - Someone with asthma

· crackles · tinkles · clanks · whistles · giggle · growls · clangs · wheezes · wriggles

174 There are more examples of sounds things can make. Read them carefully and write in the gaps

their Russian equivalents. If uncertain, consult a dictionary. Pay attention to the connotations, if any.

Most of them are onomotopaeic words.

1 sack of potatoes falling from a great height	thuds
2 leaves in the breeze	rustle
3 a bomb	bangs
4 wind through the trees	whistles
5 a well-tuned Rolls Royce engine	purrs
6 tyres when one brakes suddenly	screech
7 kettle boiling	hisses
8 a sugar lump dropped into the tea	plops
9 the quiet background sound of a fridge	hum
10 a light being switched on	clicks
13 knives being scraped together	grate
14 rain on the roof
15 a tap that can’t be turned right off	drips
16 lions or a power engine	roar
17 little pigs	squeal
18 mice or the chair leg moving on the floor	squeaks
19 a car going into the wall	crashes
20 the high-pitched sound of a factory machine	whine

175 People also make different noises both with and without producing words. Read the texts below and

make sure you understand the words in bold. Consult a dictionary for their Russian equivalents.

A.

I’m awake, lying here moaning, and nothing’s happening at all. Oh, well better start crying properly. Still no reaction. Right, they’ve asked for it. Here we go with a real scream. Ah, now I hear something next door. Must go on sobbing, so they realise it’s serious. Here she comes, muttering to herself. Why is it always her? Never him? Ah, a bottle. Excuse me, it’s difficult to suck a bottle without making sucking noises, you know. Oh, no, I’ve got hiccupsagain. Sometimes I seem to spend half my day hiccupping. Over the shoulder I go again. Oh dear, a burp. Pardon. Pardon. Back to bed. Ah, I like it when she hums that song to me. Oh dear, we’re both yawning. Time to sleep again. I can hear him snoringnext door.”Not a murmur now,” she says to me, the same as always. There’s no need to sigh like that, you know. You were a baby once.

B.

I’ve never know a boss like him; you hardly ever hear him talking normally. He starts as soon as he comes into the office in the morning. If I’m two minutes late, he starts shoutingat me. And you should hear him on the phone yelling at some poor junior. When he asks you to do something, he just barks – like a fierce dog. And when he finds a mistake in your work, he roars like a lion. When someone asks him a question, he nearly always just grunts, like that. He’ll sit for hours grumbling about the weather, the business, his colleagues, the market. And he will mutter! Half the time you can’t understand a word he’s saying. The worst thing is his dictation. He just mumblesall the way through the letter; I have to guess every other word. Then he bites my head off when I’ve written something he didn’t want. I just start stammering and stuttering, and get out of the room as soon as possible.

C.

You can hear the audience whisperingexcitedly. Some of them are clearing their throats. Could they be nervous? Something’s happening. The audience are clapping; polite applause at the moment. Two of the audience are being invited onto the stage. The rest of them are cheering and calling out things. Now something is happening on stage; you could hear a pin drop. The two members of the audience are doing exactly what they are told and the chairs they are sitting on are beginning to rise into the air. The audience are gasping. Oh dear, what’s happened? They’ve suddenly fallen to the ground and look most upset. The audience are booing loudly. It hasn’t worked. Now they’re whistling. The whistling has changed to hissing,but there’s nobody on stage except the two members of the audience. Now they are chanting that they want their money back. The manager’s coming out on stage. Listen to them groaning.

D.

It started on Momday. I really wasn’t well at all. I was sniffingall day. On Tuesday I hardly stopped blowing my nose and sneezing. By Wednesday I had a pretty bad cough. I tried gargling with salt water but it didn’t seem to do much good. If I had to go upstairs, I’d reach the top stair panting like a thirsty dog, and I’d still be wheezing five or ten minutes later. Bu Friday I’d lost my voice almost completely. I was croaking like a frog all day at the office.

E.

Lady Thackeray-Smithe laughed politely. Her husband was chuckling minutes afterwards. A class of schoolgirls giggled. A class of schoolboys sniggered. An American TV audience shrieked and howled with laughter. Lady Thackeray-Smithe’s maid tittered. Billy Bloggs laughed like a drain.

176 Give answers to the following questions.

1 Who is the speaker in passage A? Who is ‘she’ and ‘he’ referred to in the passage? What is funny about this story?

2 What does the person in passage B do? How do you know it?

3 What kind of performance is described in passage C?

4 What is wrong with the person in passage D?

5 What does the last passage show? Choose correctly.

A how different people could laugh

B how different people could tell a joke

C how different people reacted to the same joke

D how different people reacted to Lady Thackeray-Smithe’s joke

177 Arrange the words from the passage according to their loudness or other criteria (your own choice).

An example is given to you.

Noises
When you are unhappy or hurt	to sob to cry to scream to moan to sigh to groan	1 to sigh ….вздыхать……… 2 to moan..стонать (еле слышно); жаловаться 3 to groan..стонать (громко) 4 …………………………….. 5 ……………………………. 6 …………………………….
When you want to say or say something	to whisper to clear one’s throat to mutter to stammer to mumble to stutter to murmur to grunt to grumble	……………………………….. ……………………………….. ………………………………. ………………………………. ……………………………….. ………………………………. ………………………………. ………………………………. ……………………………….
When you speak in a loud voice	to shout to bark to yell to bite someone's head off — сорвать зло на ком-л.	……………………………….. ……………………………….. ……………………………….. ……………………………….. ………………………………..
Reaction of the audience (positive and negative)	To appaud To clap To cheer To gaspto whistle To boo To hiss To chant (to sneer)	………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… ………………………………… …………………………………
When different people laugh	To laugh To giggle To chcukcle To titter To shriek/howl with laughter To laugh like a drain лопаться со смеху	……………………………… ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………. ………………………………. ………………………………..

178 Describe the symptoms of a cold or flu and say what you do to get over it.Use the words from the

passage and feel free to add you own.

179 Translate the following sentences into English. Say what shades of meaning are realised in these

examples.

1. I feel seasick already,' she moaned. 2. A lot of people moaned about the parking problems. 3. He's always moaning that we use too much electricity. 4. She moaned and cried out in pain. 5. Don't cry, Laura. It'll be OK. 6. It was painful, and made me cry aloud. 7. After the first few shots, people started screaming. 8. He was dragged kicking and screaming to a nearby van. 9. A group of students were shrieking with laughter. 10. I'll kill you,' Anne shrieked at him. 11. He began sobbing uncontrollably. 12. It was a sob story about how she lost all her money. 13. Don't drink so fast - you'll get hiccups.14. Suddenly, she burped loudly three times. 15. Are you sure he doesn't need burping? 16. He could hear the old man snoring. 17. I heard a snore and knew he'd fallen asleep. 18. Alan stretched and yawned.19. The girl murmured something polite, and smiled. 20. The wind murmured through the trees. 21. 'Help me!' she yelled hysterically. 22. 'Don't just stand there, give me a hand,' she barked at the shop assistant. 23. He just grunted and carried on reading his book. 24. Grunting with effort, she lifted me up. 25. A few passengers grumbled that their cabins were too small. 26. 'He's such an unpleasant man,' Alyssia muttered under her breath. 27. He bumped into someone and mumbled an apology. 28. Stop mumbling! 29. Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.30. He attempted to stutter some excuses.

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180 Listen to some recorderd sounds that things or people make and identify them.

181 Say what sounds you would likely to hear:

· in a football stadium during a football match

· on a crowded beach in summer

· in a lecture room

· during a break between the lessons in a school

· during a break in your university building

182 Which of the following words verbs have a noun pair? Tick them To make sure, consult a

dictionary.

Moan - ………….. Cry - …………….. Scream - ……….. Sob - ……………. Mutter - ………… Suck - ………….. Yell - …………… Grunt - …………. Stutter - ………… Whisper - ………. Boo - ……………. Sneer - …………. Hiss - …………….

Hiccup - …………… Burp - …………….. Yawn - ……………. Snore - ……………. Murmur - ………….. Shout - ……………. Grumblе - …………. Mumble - ………….. Stammer - ………… Clap - ……………… Applaud - ………….. Whistle - ……………

183 Getting professional

Act out a teacher-class interaction telling them about different noises that people and things make.

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