Match the definitions with the following terms.

Example: 12. padding - (j) sand placed on the ditch bottom to cushion the pipe.

1.	ROW	A.	join sections of line pipe providing consistency, uniform welds and fewer repairs.
2.	trenching (ditching)	B.	the primary strength weld that fuses the two pipes
3.	stringing	C.	method for constructing the pipeline across such obstacles as streams or wetlands.
4.	skidding	D.	customary inspection by internal X-ray, external gamma ray or ultrasonics.
5.	welding	E.	bare sections at the pipe welds covering the exposed pipe and the weld.
6.	root	F.	line pipe lifted on skids along the ROW so that the entire circumference is accessible.
7.	HDD	G.	ditch spoil pushed back into the ditch to cover the pipe except for certain sections that must be left uncovered to make tie-in welds and allow for hydrostatic testing.
8.	backfilling	H.	width determined by the diameter of the pipeline to be installed and includes room for the pipeline and working space for the construction equipment used to install the pipeline.
9.	field-joint coating	I.	laying sections of pipe along the ROW
10.	tie-in welding	J.	sand placed on the ditch bottom to cushion the pipe.
11.	NDT	K.	individual pipe string ends that are cut and trimmed to join the pipe strings with external clamps accurately aligning the pipe.
12.	padding	L.	excavated soil (spoil) deposited on the ditch bank.

25. Number these instructions for installing a pipeline by HDD (Horizontal Directional Drilling) across a river. Describe this process by putting the statements into logically order. The first element is done for you.

	A.	It is filled with water to contain and settle the spoil or cuttings that result from the operation.
	B.	The pre-reaming operation pulls the reamer back, cutting and enlarging the opening.
	C.	The trailer-mount is positioned near an excavation on the near side (rig side).
	D.	After the pre-reaming operation is completed, the drill pipe is pulled back from the near side
	E.	Then a reaming device is attached to enlarge the pilot hole to accommodate the line pipe
	F.	A cap with a swivel joint is connected to the leading end of the pipe string.
	G.	The pull-back operation installs the line pipe under the river.
	H.	The drill string contains a survey instrument near the head or cutting end, which guides the cutting head in both vertical and horizontal directions.
	I.	The swivel joint is connected to the reamer.
	J.	This first drill forms the “pilot” hole.
	K.	A mixture of drilling mud and water is pumped into the hole, lubricating the drill string.
	L.	The line pipe string to be installed is welded.
	M.	The drill moves to the opposite bank under the bottom of the river.
1.	N.	Here is a typical river crossing.
	O.	The drilling rig pulls the reamer back through the hole from the pipe side to the rig side, along with the pipe string connected to the reamer.

26. Which steps in Ex. 22 (pg.388-389) do these diagrams show?

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