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Exercise №14. Закройте левую колонку листом бумаги и переведите письменно предложения в правой колонке, затем откройте левую колонку с правильными ответами и проверьте себя.
| a) | |||
| 1. Do you always play football in the evening? 2. What does Nick always listen to in the morning? 3. Where do children usually play tennis? 4. Does she have supper at six in the evening? | 1. Ты всегда играешь в футбол вечером? 2. Что Ник всегда слушает по утрам? 3. Где дети обычно играют в теннис? 4. Она обычно ужинает в шесть часов? | ||
| b) | |||
| 1. Father reads books in the evening. 2. My brother chats a lot. 3. When do you rest at home? 4. Does she visit her sister? 5. Do you like cooking? 6. I meet my mother from her work. | 1. Папа читает книги вечером. 2. Мой братик много болтает. 3. Когда вы отдыхаете (to rest) дома? 4. Она посещает свою сестру? 5. Ты любишь готовить? 6. Я встречаю маму с работы | ||
| c) | |||
| 1. He always visits this shop. 2. Does she usually do shopping in the market? 3. Boris does not go to lectures. 4. This plant always produces fashionable furniture. 5. Where do they play tennis every morning? 6. Why does Sergey come home so late? 7. They do not send their stories to the newspaper. | 1.Он всегда посещает этот магазин. 2.Она обычно делает покупки на рынке? 3.Борис не ходит на лекции. 4.Этот завод всегда выпускает модную мебель. 5.Где они играют в теннис каждое утро? 6.Почему Сергей приходит домой так поздно? 7. Они не посылают свои рассказы (stories) в газету. | ||
| d) | |||
| 1. I watch TV in the morning. 2. Does she go to a shop? 3. What does my friend listen to every evening? 4. Do you read books every day?- Yes, I do. 5. Do you often visit the theatre? 6. We don’t usually open the window in the morning. 7. Where do you usually play chess? | 1. Я смотрю телевизор по утрам. 2. Ходит ли она в магазин? 3. Что мой друг слушает (to listen to) каждый вечер? 4. Ты читаешь книги каждый день? Да. 5. Ты часто посещаешь театр? 6. Мы обычно не открываем окно утром. (open) 7. Где ты обычно играешь в шахматы? (play chess) | ||
Exercise №15. Напишите специальные вопросы к следующим предложениям.
A. 1. My sister Sveta does not go to school on Sunday.
2. Her parents always read newspapers in the evening.
3. They often have tea in the morning.
4. Nick reads Russian newspapers every day.
5. He often goes to the skating-rink.
6. My mother usually prepares breakfast for our family.
7. He usually translates business letters.
8. He always helps his parents.
9. We sometimes play volleyball with our friends.
B. 1. She always makes friendly atmosphere at the lesson.
2. He translates many letters into English.
3. She gets a lot of telegrams every day.
4. He works 5 days a week.
5. This manager works at our office.
6. My dog always understands my command.
7. This man usually eats at 8 o'clock.
8. Your family always leaves home at 9 o'clock in the evening.
9. Our lesson begins at 8 o'clock.
C. 1. My mother goes to work every day.
2. Every day I do my lessons.
3. The strong wind blows in our region every day.
4. Anya doesn't play the piano in the evening.
5. He usually writes long letters.
6. I watch TV in the morning.
7. She often comes to our institute.
8. My sister speaks French very well.
9. She always visits her grandmother.
D. 1. He usually draws houses.
2. I spend my free time at the seaside every summer.
3. Masha goes to school every day.
4. I always do my homework.
5. He sends letters to his mother every month.
6. I usually go by bus.
7. She often flies to Spain.
8. My cat likes to catch fish.
9. His sister often spends time with Mike.
E. 1. He usually sends long letters.
2. She usually draws beautiful pictures.
3. He often beats his dog.
4. Jack comes early every day.
5. The ring costs 100 dollars.
6. They often buy pictures in this shop.
7. My mother gets up early.
8. She sometimes goes to the cinema.
9. We sometimes write dictations.
F. 1. He eats big cakes in the morning.
2. She chooses interesting books for me every month.
3. They sing very loudly.
4. We buy dolls for Nastya.
5. Lena likes summer very much.
6. She usually has dinner at 2 o'clock.
7. He works at a factory.
8. She always buys fish.
9. My father lives in Moscow.
G. 1. They often listen to music after school.
2. My cat doesn't drink milk.
3. Tom usually does his homework at 6 o'clock.
4. I usually do morning exercises in the morning.
5. Masha often goes to the library.
6. She usually reads books.
7. Mr. Adams usually flies to Odessa.
8. He always draws cars.
9. I often listen to music.
Exercise №16. Переведите предложения на английский в Present Indefinite Tense.
A.
1. Света всегда рисует цветы. (flowers) 2. Куда ходит обычно этот мужчина? 3. Рыба не стоит 10 долларов. (cost). 4. Когда учитель начинает урок? (lesson) 5. Дети чувствуют себя (themselves) хорошо. 6. Его мать летает обычно в Москву? (fly) 7. Почему всегда дает тебе Катя свой портфель? 8. Что ты обычно делаешь у доски? (blackboard) 9. Мой брат приходит домой обычно вечером. 10. Когда вы ездите на море?(seaside) 11. Собака не ест часто (often) рыбу. 12. Что ест ваша кошка? 13. Мать покидает дом обычно в 8 часов. (leave)
B.
1. Где вы находите такие интересные книги? (find) 2. Этот ученик знает урок хорошо. 3. Мой сын всегда забывает игрушки. (toys) 4. Почему моя дочь всегда теряет карандаши? 5. Они всегда приносят много цветов. (bring) 6. Этот учитель всегда встречает учеников на улице.(meet) 7. Что ты слышишь обычно в лесу? (forest) 8. Мой брат всегда получает прекрасные оценки. (marks) 9. Где ты покупаешь этот чай?10. Когда покидает дом твой сын? 11. Он обычно читает у окна. (at) 12. Что он дает всегда этой птице? (bird) 13 Что учитель думает о школе? (think) 14. Эта птица обычно сидит на дереве. 15. Моя мать обычно ездит на море. (go). 16. Почему эта девочка говорит на английском?
C.
1. Где вы работаете? – Я работаю на заводе. 2. Ваши сыновья изучают английский или французский? (to learn) – Они изучают французский. 3. Когда вы занимаетесь английским языком? – Вечером. 4. Что вы читаете каждое утро? – Я читаю газеты. (newspapers). 5. Куда они ходят каждый вечер? 6. Вы делаете много упражнений в классе? (exercises) – Нет. 7. Они говорят по-английски? – Да. 8.Ваши сестры живут в Москве? – Нет. 9. Какой язык изучают ваши друзья? (language) На каком языке вы обычно говорите в классе?
D.
1. Я часто пишу своей сестре.(write) 2. Они иногда присылают мне английские книги.(send) 3. Вы всегда читаете английские газеты? 4. Когда вы обычно навещаете своих друзей? (visit) 5. Эти мальчики обычно встречают свою сестру после занятий? 6. Я не всегда учу новые слова. (words) 7. Они не часто ездят в тот город. 8. Эти студенты пишут диктанты очень редко. (to write) 9.Когда вы с ними встречаетесь? 10. Новые квартиры обычно бывают хорошими. 11. Большие города редко бывают чистыми. (сlean) 12. Бывают ли французские фильмы романтичными? (romantic) 13. Тексты этого учебника иногда бывают очень длинными. 14. Оценки этого студента всегда хорошие.
E.
1. Моя сестра живет в Казани. Она не пишет мне. Она часто пишет вам? 2. Мой друг работает в школе. Он не ходит туда каждое утро. 3. Ее друг занимается английским каждое утро? (to learn) 4. Наш учитель говорит по-английски и по-французски. 5. Этот студент не делает упражнения дома. 6. Он изучает английский или немецкий? 7. Он знает эту девушку. (to know)
TEST-REVISION
(Lesson №10) Check your English
1. Из слов, заключенных в скобки, выберите необходимые
1. We have (much, many) German books. 2. (Little, few) children play in the garden. 3. We have (much, many) milk today. 4. This student has (much, many) good marks. 5. There is (few, little) fresh air in the room. 6. They have (much, a lot of) friends in our city. 7. Have you (many, little) red pens? 8. I have (much, many) red ink. 9. We have read (much, a lot of) English books this year.
2. Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму
My sister`s name (to be) Natasha. She (to be) a manager. My sister (to like) to play volleyball, but she (not to like) to play tennis. Usually my sister and her husband (to play) volleyball with their friends on Friday. Sometimes they (to go) to the theatre. Natasha`s husband (to paint) pictures in the evening. My sister (not to watch) TV in the evening, she (to cook) supper. I (to visit) them very often.
3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную форму
Examples: Water boils boil at 100 degrees Centigrade. How many languages do you speak (you/speak)?
1. What time … (the banks/close) in Britain?
2. I have a car but I … (not/use) it very often.
3. How many cigarettes … (you/smoke) a day?
4. “What … (you/do)?” -”I am an electrical engineer”.
5. “Where (your father/come) from?” - “He … (come) from Scotland”.
6. If you need money, why … (you/not/get) a job?
7. I … (play) the piano, but I … (not/play) very well.
8. I don’t understand the word “deceive”. What “deceive” … (mean)?
4. Поставьте вопросы к следующим предложениям
Examples: Tom plays tennis. (How often)? How often does Tom play tennis?
I get up in the morning. (What time/usually ?) What time do you usually get up?
1. Ann watches television. (How often?) How often …
2. I write to my parents. (How often?) …
3. I have dinner in the evening. (What time/usually?) …
4. Tom works. (Where?) …
5. I go to the cinema. (How often?) …
6. People do stupid things. (Why?) …
7. The car breaks down. (How often?) …
5. Переведите на английский
1. Отец приходит домой в шесть часов.
2. Ты помогаешь маме каждый день?
3. Жарко. Прекрасная погода.
4. Кто обычно приносит тебе цветы?
5. Моя собака не пьёт молоко.
6. Когда они посещают театр?
7. Солнце светит ярко летом.
Lesson №11
Section A
The Past Indefinite Tense (The Simple Past)
The Past Indefinite Tense (прошедшее неопределенное время) употребляется:
Для выражения действий или фактов, имевших место в прошлом.
I entered the Institute last year. Я поступил в институт
в прошлом году.
We saw him in 1981. Мы видели его в 1981 году.
Для выражения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся действий в прошлом.
I usually went to the library Я обычно ходил в библио- теку
on Saturday. по субботам.
При выражении ряда последовательных событий, имевших место в прошлом.
I got up at 7 o` clock, washed, dressed, had breakfast and left the room.
Я встал в 7 часов, умылся, оделся, позавтракал и ушел.
По способу образования Past Indefinite все глаголы делятся на так называемые правильные (стандартные) и неправильные (нестандартные).
1. Правильные глаголы образуют Past Indefinite путем прибавления к инфинитиву глагола окончания -ed:
work – worked работать – работал
play – played играть – играл
Окончание -ed произносится:
a) после гласных и звонких согласных как [d]: lived [livd], played [pleid]
б) после глухих согласных как [t]: worked [wq:kt]
в) после звуков t,d как [id]: wanted [wOntid]
2. Неправильные глаголы образуют Past Indefinite различными способами, поэтому их форму необходимо запомнить:
to write – wrote (изменяется корневая гласная)
to build – built (изменяется конечная согласная)
to go – went (употребляются разные корни слова)
to put – put (форма не меняется)
Форму прошедшего времени неправильных глаголов (так же, как и форму причастия прошедшего времени Past Participle), следует запоминать. В словарях и учебниках обычно приводятся списки неправильных глаголов и их основных форм, но чем больше неправильных глаголов вы сумеете запомнить, тем лучше, так как они встречаются довольно часто и обозначают самые распространенные, повседневные действия, такие как: есть, пить, спать, ходить, сидеть, лежать, читать, писать, видеть, слышать, чувствовать, и т.д.
При дальнейшей работе над текстами вам следует обязательно выписывать все неправильные глаголы, которые встретятся в текстах в ваш словарик с указанием основных форм (инфинитив, прошедшее время, причастие прошедшего времени, причастие настоящего времени), например:
To go (ходить) – went – gone – going
To write (писать) – wrote – written – writing
Обратите внимание на то, что глагол to be имеет в прошедшем времени различные формы для единственного и множественного числа: ед. was, мн.ч. – were. Если в предложении
используется глагол to be (was/were),то вспомогательный глагол did отсутствует!
I was in the cinema yesterday.
Were they at home on Monday?
Where were you last Sunday?
Глаголы в Past Indefinite часто имеют при себе обстоятельства, указывающее на то, что действие совершалось в прошлом. Запомните наиболее употребительные из этих обстоятельств:
At that time – в то время
Yesterday – вчера
The day before yesterday – позавчера
Last year (month) – в прошлом году
Ago (2 months ago) – назад (два месяца назад).
Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в прошедшем времени did (для любого лица и числа) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to. Вспомогательный глагол did предшествует подлежащему.
Did you work in the field? Ты работал в поле?
When did you work there? Когда ты работал там?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола did и отрицания not, которые становятся после подлежащего.
I did not (didn't) work there. Я не работал там.
NOTE!
Выполняя следующие упражнения (№1-8) закройте левую колонку листочком бумаги и постарайтесь самостоятельно выполнить их. Затем постепенно открывайте каждое предложение справа и проверяйте себя.
Exercise №1. Трансформируйте следующие предложения в Past Indefinite.
Образец: My cat likes fish.
My cat liked fish.
1. It often snows here. It often snowed here.
2. This seems quite easy. This seemed quite easy.
3. I understand the text quite I understood the text quite well. well.
4. He is in my room. He was in my room.
5. He often listens to records. He often listened to records.
6. I find many good stories in I found many good stories
this magazine. in this magazine.
7. He never leaves friends in He never left friends in misfortune. misfortune.
8. The students spend many hours The students spent
in the library. many hours in the library.
9. He makes many mistakes in He made many mistakes
dictations. in dictations.
10.I am glad to meet my friends. I was glad to meet my friends.
11.We read a lot of books. We read a lot of books.
easy – легко misfortune – беда
stories – рассказы mistake – ошибка
Exercise №2. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложениям.
Example: This work seemed easy.
Did this work seem easy?
1. The students went to the club. Did the students go to the club
yesterday yesterday?
2. They understood the text very Did they understand the text
well. very well?
3. She enjoyed the performance. Did she enjoy the performance?
4. He wanted to be a manager. Did he want to be a manager?
5. It was cold yesterday. Was it cold yesterday?
6. I met my friend at the theatre. Did you meet your friend at
the theatre?
7. We made friends with him Did you make friends with
quickly. him quickly?
8. Jane went out to lunch at 12 Did Jane go out to
o'clock. lunch at 12 o'clock?
9. Someone phoned while Did anyone phone while I
you were out. was out?
10. He had a good lunch. Did he have a good lunch?
Exercise №3. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму.
Example: She received a letter yesterday.
She didn't receive a letter yesterday.
1. I saw Boris at the meeting.
I didn't see comrade Petrov at the meeting.
2. The children stayed at home all (the) evening.
The children didn't stay at home all (the) evening.
3. They spend the summer vacation in the Crimea.
They didn't spend the summer vacation in the Crimea.
4. I read this newspaper yesterday.
I didn't read this newspaper yesterday.
5. They had time to do it.
They didn't have time to do it.
6. She sent her mother a telegram.
She didn't send her mother a telegram.
7. I got his answer this morning.
I didn't get his answer this morning.
Exercise №4. Возразите на следующие утверждения и добавьте слово "вчера".
Example: He rang me up last Sunday.
He didn't ring me up yesterday.
1. They played tennis on They didn't play tennis
Saturday. yesterday.
2. They came over for tea They didn't come over for
yesterday. tea last Sunday.
3. When you were out I watched I didn't watch TV
TV. when you were out.
4. I spoke to him on Monday. I didn't speak to him yesterday.
5. He cleaned the car on Tuesday. He didn't clean the car
yesterday.
6. We went for a walk to the Bota- We didn't go for a walk to
nical Gardens on Wednesday. the Botanical Gardens yesterday.
7. He phoned me the day before He didn't phone me yesterday
yesterday.
8. They moved into a new flat They didn't move into
on Friday. a new flat yesterday.
to move – переезжать
Exercise №5. Задайте вопросы к следующим словам.
Example: He went to visit his friend last week. (last week)
When did he go to visit his friend?
1. They interrupted our talk. (they) Who interrupted our talk?
2. The other day I got a letter When did you get a letter from
(the other day) from him. him?
3. Our team won the last game. What game did our team win?
(last)
4. I didn't go to the concert. Why didn't you go to the
(as I was ill) concert?
5. She said it just for fun. (for fun) Why did she say it?
6. We packed all the things What did you do in time?
in time.(packed all the things)
7. My son returned home at 6 p.m When did your son return
yesterday. (at 6 p.m.) home yesterday?
8. I was in the kitchen when the Where were you when the
door-bell rang. (in the kitchen) door-bell rang?
9. Ten students got excellent How many students
marks for this dictation. (ten) got excellent marks for this dictation?
10. I listened to his speech very How did you listen to his
attentively. (very attentively) speech?
11. Dick and Harry worked How long did Dick
together for several years. and Harry work together?
(for several years)
to interrupt – прерывать speech – речь
team – команда game – игра
attentively – внимательно fun – шутка
thing – вещь excellent – отличный
Exercise №6. Узнайте с помощью специальных вопросов (how long…) как давно происходили эти действия.
Example: The film started.
How long ago did the film start?
1. They left the theatre. How long ago did they leave the theatre?
2. She went home. How long ago did she go home?
3. I visited this part of the How long ago did you first
country. visit this part of the country?
4. She saw the Kremlin. How long ago did she see the
Kremlin?
5. I went to the North. How long ago did you go to
the North?
Exercise №7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя слова в скобках.
Example: When did he go to visit his friend? (last week)
He went to visit his friend last week.
1. Who interrupted our talk? They interrupted our talk.
(they)
2. When did you get a letter from The other day I got a
him? (the other day) letter from him.
3. What game did your team win? Our team won the last game.
(last)
4. Why didn't you go to the concert? I didn't go to the concert
(as I was ill) as I was ill.
5. Why did she say it? (just for fun) She said it just for fun.
6. At what time did your son return My son returned home at
home yesterday? (at 6 p.m.) 6 p.m. yesterday.
7. Where were you when the I was in the kitchen when
door-bell rang. (in the kitchen) the door-bell rang.
8. How many students got good Ten students got good marks
marks for this dictation? (ten) for this dictation.
9. How long did the speech last? The speech lasted an hour.
(an hour and a half)
10. How long did John and Harry John and Harry worked
work together? (for several years) together for several years.
Exercise №8. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя слова в скобках.
Example: What did you do in the evening? (watch TV)
I watched TV in the evening.
1. Where did you go in the afternoon? I went to the cinema in
(to the cinema) the afternoon.
2. What did you see? I saw an old detective film.
(an old detective film)
3. Who did you go with? I went with Jenny.
(with Jenny)
4. Did you like the film? (yes) Yes, I liked the film.
5. What did you do afterwards? Afterwards we had our
(had our dinner at a restaurant) dinner at a restaurant.
6. Was it expensive? No, it wasn't very
(not very,) expensive.
expensive – дорогой по стоимости
Exercise №9. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Погода была плохой, и мы остались дома. 2. Когда ты видел этот интересный фильм? – На прошлой неделе.3. В прошлом году сын моих друзей не поступил в институт. Он работал на фабрике. Ему нравилась его работа. 4. Погода была хорошая в то утро. Я рано проснулся, сразу встал с постели и вышел погулять. 5.Когда вы были в театре последний раз? – Месяц тому назад. 6.В понедельник вечером мы остались в институте после занятий. Мы решили обсудить два интересных вопроса.
NOTE: остаться – to stay / поступать – to enter
последний раз – last time / решить – to decide
вопрос – a question
Exercise №10. Переведите предложения на английский язык
1. Они купили много книг вчера. 2. Над чем он работал так много в прошлом месяце? 3. Кто из них вернулся в пятницу утром? 4. До которого часа вы играли в шахматы? – До 8 часов. – Как часто вы играете в шахматы? – Не очень часто. 5. Какая была погода в тот день? – Это была суббота, погода была теплая. После завтрака мы поехали за город навестить своих родителей. 6. Вы хотели встретиться с ними опять? – Да, очень. 7. С кем вы были в театре в прошлую субботу? – С друзьями Алекса. 8. До которого времени вы были вчера в институте? – До 4 часов.
NOTE: над чем – over what / вернуться – to come back
до которого времени – till what time
хотеть – to want
Section B
Reading
Task:
1.Прочитайте выразительно текст.
2.Переведите текст, обращая внимание на использование времени The Past Indefinite Tense.
"A pleasant outing"
after Jane Walsh
The only teacher in the school I liked was Miss O`Brien. At the start of a term she said that she would take every child who came to school on time each day for an end-of-term picnic.
A picnic! I didn`t know what it was, but I felt it was something wonderful. And I tried hard to be early at school, but very often I was late for classes.
Soon came the last Friday of the term. Miss O`Brien looked at me, saying: "I am sorry your time-register is hopeless, Jane, just hopeless. But you were top of my classes every week. I`ll take you as a reward for that.
On the next Sunday morning we started off. We went to the country by train. We soon got out of a country station and walked across the fields.
The picnic seemed to me like the most lavish of feasts. There were meat pies, fish sandwiches, fruit, cakes and jam tarts. We settled down to eat it in a field next to a farm-house, and the farmer`s wife brought out jugs of fresh milk for us to drink.
We played various games in the field and rested on the river bank and I had a chance to take in all the green and blue around me. I didn`t see such fresh green trees, high grass and beautiful
field flowers earlier. I didn`t see such blue skies, living in the smoggy city. It was all so lovely that I could`t speak or sing with the girls.
I greatly enjoyed my first trip to the country. It was something unforgettable.
NOTES:
outing поездка за город
a term семестр
on time во время
to try стараться
to be late опаздывать
a time-register журнал (опоздавших)
to be top быть лучше всех
as a reward в награду
the most lavish of feasts обильное пиршество
meat pies пирожки с мясом
jam tarts пирожки с вареньем
a jug кувшин
to have a chance иметь возможность
to take in all the green and впитать всю зелень и синеву
blue around me вокруг
lovely восхитительно
unforgettable незабываемый
Exercise №1 Закончите предложения, используя слова и выражения из текста.
1. At the start of a term MissO`Brien said that....
2. I tried hard to be early at school, but ….
3. On the next Sunday morning we....
4. The picnic seemed to me....
5. There were ….
6. The farmer`s wife brought out ….
7. We rested on the river bank and I had a chance ….
8. I didn`t see such …....
9. It was all …....
Exercise №2. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is the story about?
2. What was Miss O`Brien?
3. Why did Miss O`Brien want to take Jane to a picnic?
4. Why did the picnic seem Jane like a feast?
5. What did Jane enjoy most of all during the picnic?
6. Did you like the story?
7. Do you often go to the country?
Exercise №3. Переведите слова, данные в скобках. Прочтите и переведите предложения.
1. I prefer spending week-end (за городом).
2. (В начале) of our summer holidays we decided to organize (поездку за город) with a picnic.
3. Miss Jane said that these pupils always came to school (во время).
4. (В качестве награды) Bill`s parents presented him with a bike.
5. My friends invited me to Sochi. It was (счастливая возможность) for me to take a rest on the Black Sea shore.
6. The dinner at my granmother`s (казался мне) a regular (пиршество).
7. I greatly (получил удовольствие) my trip to Italy last year. It was really (незабываемый).
Exercise №4. Cоставьте диалог со своим партнером, используя следующие вопросы:
1. Which teacher at school did you like most of all? Why?
2. Were you often late for classes? What was the reason?
3. What rewards did you get at school?
4. What did you do at the end of the term?
5. Did you go for a picnic at school?
6. What did you do during a picnic?
7. Why do people like spending weekends in the country?
Section C
"My working day"
Vocabulary №11
to wake будить
to be an early riser рано вставать
especially особенно
to do morning exercises делать утреннюю зарядку
to get dressed одеваться
to leave покидать
to waste терять время
it takes me мне требуется
to arrive прибывать
a fax message сообщение по факсу
a partner партнер
abroad за границей
to answer a phone call ответить на телефонный звонок
a break перерыв
occasionally время от времени
experience опыт
Task: Прочитайте и переведите рассказ и скажите, что совпадает в нем с вашим рабочим днем.
On weekdays the alarm-clock wakes me up at 6.30 and my working day begins. I'm not an early riser, that's why it's very difficult for me to get out of bed, especially in winter. I switch on
my tape-recorder and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom, take a warm shower, clean my teeth and shave. After that I go to my bedroom to get dressed.
I make breakfast myself. I leave the house at 7.30 and go to the nearest bus stop. It takes me an hour and a half to get to work. I've got a walkman and I listen to music when I go by bus. Sometimes I read a book or a newspaper.
I usually arrive at work at ten minutes to nine though my workingday begins at 9 sharp.
There is always some fax messages to translate from English into Russian. Sometimes my boss wants me to write a letter to our business partners abroad. There are also a lot of phone calls, which I have to answer.
At 1 o'clock in the afternoon we have lunch. We usually have lunch in a small cafe just round the corner. At 2 o'clock we come back to work. And we work hard till 5 o' clock. During the working day we also have several short coffee breaks. But sometimes we have no time for them.
I come home at about 7 o'clock in the evening. My parents are usually at home and wait for me. We have dinner together. Then we sit in the living room, drink tea, watch TV or just talk.
Occasionally I have to stay at work till 6 or 7 o'clock in the evening. When we have a lot of things to do, we go to work on Sundays. In the evening I watch television, listen to music and read something in English.
And still I always look forward to my next working day, because I like my job. I think I get a lot of useful experience.
Exercise №1. Вставьте пропущенные слова в следующие предложения:
1. I'm not..., that's why it's very difficult for me to get out of bed.
2. I go to the bathroom...
3. I... the house at 7.30 and go to the nearest bus stop.
4. It … me an hour and a half … to work.
5. During the working day we also have ….
6. In the evening we sit in the living room ….
7.... I have to stay at work till 6 or 7 o'clock in the evening.
8. When we..., we go to work on Sundays.
Exercise №2. Составьте диалог в парах, используя данные вопросы:
1. Do you get up early? Is it easy for you to get up early?
2. Do you wake up yourself or does an alarm-clock wake you up?
3. Do you do morning exercises? Do you do your morning exercises to music?
4. Which do you prefer: a hot or a cold shower in the morning?
5. How long does it take you to get dressed?
6. What do you usually have for breakfast?
7. Some people look through newspapers or listen to the latest news
on the radio while having breakfast. What about you?
8. When do you usually leave the house?
9. Do you work? Where do you work?
10. What do you usually do on your way to work?
11. Where do you usually have lunch(dinner)?
12. Did you ever have a nap (вздремнуть)in the afternoon?
13. What time do you come home?
14. How do you spend your evenings?
15. What time do you usually go to bed?
Exercise №3. Расскажите вашему другу, как прошел вчера ваш рабочий день.
NOTE: Вы составляете ваш рассказ в Past Indefinite Tense.
Lesson №12
Section A
The Past Indefinite Tense
Exercise №1. Трансформируйте предложения (поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite)
1. John gets up at 7.30 in the morning. 2.He takes a shower at 7. 45. 3. He eats his breakfast at 8 a.m. 4. He leaves home at 8.20. 5. He gets to the office at 9.00 a.m. 6. He has his lunch at 1.00 p.m.. 7. He returns to his office at 1.45. 8. He leaves his office at 6.00. 9. He catches a taxi in front of his office. 10. He gets home at 6.30 p.m. 11. He has dinner with his wife and children at 7.00 p.m. 12. He reads the papers and watches television. 13. He goes to bed at 11.00 p.m.
Exercise №2. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite.
1. The students (to run) a race at the stadium last week.
2. Their family (to go) to the seaside a week ago.
3. Jane (to do) the shopping yesterday evening.
4. They (to listen) to music at the concert hall yesterday.
5. My father (to smoke) a cigarette a minute ago.
6. Nick and Barbara (to stay) at a hotel last June.
7. Susan (to water) the flowers an hour ago.
8. We (to travel) by sea last month.
10. She (to try) on a white dress at the shop yesterday.
NOTE: a race – гонка / to water – поливать / to try – примерять
Exercise №3. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite.
1.You (to go) to the theatre last week.
2. Helen (to buy) a nice suit two days ago.
3. I (to give) a call to Stefan five minutes ago.
4. Kate (to knit) a warm sweater last month.
5. We (to arrive) in Kazan yesterday evening.
6. The students (to learn) by heart new poems last week.
7. Fred (to catch) the plane yesterday morning.
8. We (to sleep) with the window open last night.
9. I (to leave) home for work twenty minutes ago.
10. Jack (to ring up) his friends yesterday evening.
Exercise №4. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite.
1. My mother (to cook) fish soup for dinner yesterday.
2. Liz (to look for) her keys yesterday morning.
3. Jane (to tell) funny stories last Friday.
4. Victor (to learn) by heart a difficult text yesterday.
5. My sister (to translate) many articles last Monday.
6. They (to have) two cups of coffee five minutes ago.
7. He (to drive) Molly to work yesterday morning.
8. His father (to buy) a new car last month.
9. They (to decorate) their room last week.
10. I (to help) my parents about the house last Sunday.
NOTE: to look for – искать/ by heart – наизусть/ articles – статьи
Exercise №5. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Past Indefinite
1. My sister (not to skate) at the stadium last Wednesday.
2. His cousin (to come) home at one o“clock yesterday.
3. We (to have supper) at the cafe yesterday evening.
4. They (to drink) tea for lunch yesterday.
5. He (to do) his homework the day before yesterday.
6. My aunt (not to have) supper yesterday.
7. Her husband (to take) a shower yesterday morning.
8. His sister (to go) for a walk last Thursday.
9. I (not to watch) TV yesterday.
10. Charlie (to put on) a new suit yesterday.
NOTE: to skate – кататься на коньках
the day before yesterday – позавчера
Exercise №6. Задайте специальный вопрос, начиная со слов в скобках.
1. Nick (to pay) the electricity bill last week. (who, what, when)
2. Her aunt (to write) an interesting story last month.(who, when)
3. Zelda (to want) to be an actress many years ago.(who, when)
4. My friends (to go) to a picnic last weekend. (when, who)
5. Jane (to get) married in 1995. (who, when)
6. Our family (to buy) a new house last month. (what, when, who)
7. Kate (to make) tea ten minutes ago.(what, when, who)
8. We (to clean) the house the day before yesterday. (who, when)
9. They (to live) in a village last summer. (where, when, who)
Exercise №7. Задайте специальный вопрос, начиная со слов в скобках.
1. I (to meet) him at the bus stop two hours ago. (where, when, whom)
2. We (to eat) cakes for breakfast yesterday morning.(what, when)
3. George (to run) at the stadium yesterday morning. (where, who)
4. Kate (to paint) a picture last week. (what, who, when)
5. He (to become) a manager 2 years ago.(who, when)
6. Our family (to ski) in the park last winter. (who, when, where)
7. Don (to drink) red wine at the party yesterday. (what, who, where)
8. My sister (to play) volley-ball at the seaside last summer. (who, where, when)
9. We (to come) home at 12 o’clock yesterday. (when, where)
Exercise №8. Откройте скобки, задайте вопрос.
1. Who (to cry) in the room five minutes ago?
2. When you last (to talk) with our boss?
3. She (to write) a letter to her friend on Sunday.
4. How many times you (to go) to the theatre last year?
5. Why Helen (not to take) these books with her?
6. How much fish you (to buy) yesterday?
7. They drink Coca-Cola two hours ago?
8. Where they (to go) the day before yesterday?
9. Where Jim (to work) five years ago?
NOTE: to cry – кричать / last – последний раз
two hours ago – два часа назад
Exercise №9. Откройте скобки, задайте вопрос.
1. He (to sleep) in the living-room yesterday?
2. When Liza last (to sweep) the floor?
3. Who (to open) the door an hour ago?
4. What book he (to read) last month?
5. Which of your friends (to go) to Paris last year?
6. Why Pete (not to swim) in the river yesterday?
7. With whom you (to go) to the disco club last Sunday?
8. You (to buy) a new dress yesterday?
NOTE: to sweep – подметать
Exercise №10. Откройте скобки, задайте вопрос.
1. When you (to come) home yesterday?
2. You (to help) our mother about the house last Friday?
3. What your cat (to eat) yesterday?
4. How often you (to eat) peaches last summer?
5. Why he (not study) hard last month?
6. Where they (to play) tennis last week?
7. How many books Fred (to read) last month?
8. Emma (to dance) at the party last Saturday?
9. When your father (to get) a new job?
Перед выполнением следующих упражнений давайте вспомним, что глагол to be имеет в прошедшем времени различные формы для единственного и множественного числа: ед. was, мн.ч. – were. Если в предложении используется глагол to be (was/were), то вспомогательный глагол did отсутствует!
I was in the park yesterday.
Were they at the institute on Monday?
Exercise №11. Вставьте “was” или “were” и задайте вопрос.
1. … Jane at the club yesterday evening?
2. … your little brother ill yesterday?
3. … they good students many years ago?
4. … his family in the country last week?
5. … you in London during the last winter holidays?
6. … your friends at the stadium last Saturday?
7. … he at work last week?
8. …. your sister on time at school yesterday?
9. … Helen and Martin at home yesterday?
NOTE: to be ill – болеть
Exercise №12. Вставьте “was” или “were” и задайте вопрос.
1. … your sister good at Literature several years ago?
2. … his friends at the sportsground yesterday afternoon?
3. … his uncle in Italy last month?
4. … she in the museum last Monday?
5. … they in the park yesterday evening?
6. … the red car in the street 2 hours ago?
7. … the vase on the TV set yesterday?
8. … we late for lessons yesterday morning?
9. … you busy last week?
NOTE: to be good at – хорошо разбираться в чем-либо
to be late – опаздывать/ to be busy – быть занятым
Exercise №13. Вставьте “was” или “were” и задайте вопрос.
1. … they on time for work yesterday?
2. … the weather fine yesterday?
3. … he a famous actor?
4. … the boys at the stadium last Friday?
5. … the water in the pond dirty last summer?
6. … his uncle rich some years ago?
7. … your friend funny yesterday?
8. … there many people in the street last Sunday?
9. … your father happy last week?
NOTE: dirty – грязный / funny – веселый / happy – счастливый
Exercise №14. Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них, используя слова в скобках.
1. Where you (to be) yesterday? (at the stadium)
2. What time Bill (to be) in the park last Sunday? (at 12 0`clock)
3. Who (to be) in the hall five minutes ago? (Sharon)
4. Who of your friends (to be ill) last month? (Nick)
5. What vegetables (to be) in the market last Saturday? (potatoes, carrots, onions, tomatoes)
6. How much money (to be) on the table yesterday? (200 $)
7. With whom Katrin (to be) at the concert yesterday? (Paola)
8. Who of your friends (to be) good at chess last year? (Martin)
9. What textbooks (to be) in your bag yesterday? (English textbooks)
Exercise №15. Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них, используя слова в скобках.
1. Who of them (not to be) at work last week? (Kevin and Chris)
2. Where they (to be) three days ago? (In Moscow)
3. What trees (to be) in the garden several years ago? (apple-trees)
4. Who (not to be) at the institute on Saturday? (Pete and John)
5. What film (to be) on TV an hour ago? (“As good as it gets”)
6. With whom your friends (to be) in the club yesterday? (their guests)
7. What actor (to be) at the concert-hall last Saturday? (M. Gibson)
8. When we (to be) last in England? (in August)
9. Who (to be) in the street 10 minutes ago? (my friend)
Exercise №16. Переведите предложения, закрывая листом бумаги правую колонку, а затем проверьте себя по ключу.
A.
1. Прошлым летом мы жили в Last summer we lived in
Сочи. Sochi.
2. Вчера она ехала в школу на She went to school by bus
автобусе. yesterday.
3. У них не было урока They hadn’t history lesson
истории вчера. yesterday.
4. Ты не пришел домой во время. You didn’t come home on time.
5. Ты завтракал в 8 часов? Did you have breakfast at 8 o’clock?
6. Да, я завтракал в 8 часов Yes,I had breakfast at
8 o’clock.
7. Ты шел пешком или ехал на Did you walk or go by bus?
автобусе? Я ехал на автобусе. I drove by bus.
8. Что ты видел в зоопарке What did you see in the zoo
вчера? yesterday?
9. Когда начался урок? When did the lesson begin?
Он начался в 10 часов. It began at 10 o’clock.
B.
1. Что вы видели в воскресенье? What did you see on Sunday?
2. Кто пел песни вчера? Who sang songs yesterday?
3. Вчера шел дождь? Did it rain yesterday?
Да, вчера шел дождь. Yes, it rained yesterday.
4. Она не взяла её на концерт. She didn’t take her to the
concert.
5. Он говорил по-английски He spoke English and didn`t
и не делал ошибок. make mistakes.
6. Кому учитель поставил Whom did the teacher give a
хорошую оценку? good mark?
Exercise №17. Напишите о вашем вчерашнем дне.
What did you do yesterday? – I read a newspaper.
- пил итальянское вино;
- весь день играл на гитаре и пел;
- встал очень рано;
- ел печенье и конфеты;
- написал письма бабушке;
- опоздал на автобус и поехал на метро.
Exercise №18. Напишите, чем Кейт занималась в прошлом году.
What did Kate do last year?
- встречалась с Томом;
- вставала очень рано;
- покупала книги в магазине;
- каталась на коньках и плавала;
Exercise №19.
A) Поспорьте со своим другом. Не соглашайтесь с ним. Помните, что в отрицательной форме и правильные, и неправильные глаголы ведут себя одинаково.
- You arrived late for work! – But I didn’t arrive late!
Продолжайте!
- You forgot to call the police station! –…
- You took the subway! –
- You went dancing yesterday! –
- You got up very late last week! –…
- You sang very loudly! –…
- You ate candy all day long! –…
- You stole my bicycle! –…
B) А теперь наоборот:
- You didn’t write to me! – But I wrote to you!
Продолжайте оправдываться!
- You didn’t buy address! –…
- You didn’t feed the cat! –…
- You didn’t play the piano! –…
- You didn’t do your homework! –…
- You didn’t call the gas station! –…
- You didn’t take your clothes to the Laundromat. –…
С) Вчера у Джейн был неудачный день.
Прочитайте разговор Джейн с подругой и объясните почему!
- I had a terrible day yesterday!
- What happened? (Что случилось?)
- I had a terrible headache all the afternoon. (головная боль)
- Why?
- Because my boss shouted at me. (кричать)
- Why did your boss shout at you?
- Because I arrived late for work.
- Why?
- Because I had to walk! (должна)
- Why did you have to walk?
- Because I missed my bus. (пропустить)
- Why did you miss your bus?
- Because I got up late.
- Why did you get up late?
- Because I went to a party last night.
Расскажите подробно об ужасном дне Джейн.
She … (ходила) to a party last night. She... (встала) very late today. She … (имела) a stomachache. She... (опоздала) her bus. She... (ждала) for a bus at the bus stop but it... (не пришел). She … (пришлось) to walk to her office. Her boss... (кричал) at her because she... (не пришла) in time. She … (имела) a headache all day long.
Section B
Task 1: Вашему вниманию представляется реальный рассказ Наташи Гафаровой, студентки 1 курса, экономического фак-та ИЭУиП, о своем рабочем дне.
Прочитайте, переведите его и задайте вопросы по тексту.
My working day
My name is Natasha, I’m a student of the 1st course of the economic faculty. I want to tell you about my working day.
I enjoy sleeping and it’s a big problem for me to get up early, so I try to get up with the help of my alarm-clock, but when I hear its bell, I turn it off, and sleep again.
At last I get up, make the bed and go to the kitchen, because it’s one of my favourite rooms in the morning. For breakfast I have a cheese or sausage sandwich and a cup of tea or coffee with milk. During my breakfast I watch TV or listen to the radio. My favourite radio station is “Europe plus”. After breakfast I do my homework or go to the library, if necessary. Lessons begin at 2.30. I’m late very often, though I try hard to be in time. I have 3 or 4 lectures every day. Sometimes I have one or two seminars a day. I learn many different subjects. Lectures are usually very interesting. Many problems are discussed. When the first lecture is over, I usually go to our institute cafe.
After lessons I go home by bus. Sometimes I go home with one of my friends.
At home I go to the kitchen at once because after classes I’m hungry and pies and cakes at the cafe don’t save me from hunger.
Then I go to the living-room to talk with my parents, because I miss them.
At 10 o’clock in the evening my boyfriend usually calls me and we chat till 11 o’clock. It’s time to go to bed and I fall asleep like a log. My working day starts again in the morning.
Task 2. А теперь, прочитайте, что рассказывает Эльмира Шамсутдинова (студента 1 курса, экономического фак-та ИЭУиП) о том, как проходит её день. Чем отличается её рассказ от рассказа подруги?
My working day
I usually don’t get up early, because I go to bed at half past twelve. They say every person must spend nine hours in bed. I also don’t do my physical exercises, because I have three sports lessons at the institute every week and it’s enough for me. I make my bed and take a shower and at half past nine I have my breakfast.
After breakfast I do my homework, but more often I watch TV till 11 o’clock and then go to the library. I am a subscriber of 4 libraries in our town. But my favourite library is the one in the Cultural centre “Evrika”, because it is the place of meeting of my school-fellows.
I have my dinner at 1 o’clock, and if I spend my morning in the library I go to the institute canteen. The lectures at the institute begin at half past two. Usually I have three or four lectures every day. But I don’t get tired, because every lecture gives me new interesting information about history, economics, law and what not. 
There are many bright teachers in our institute, and each meeting with them widens my knowledge. After lectures I go to the bus-stop very slowly because it is my only walk during the whole day. When I go to the institute I haven’t enough time for a walk, and it takes me one hour to get home.
At half past nine I have my supper. Then I read an interesting book or sew something for myself. After supper I do my homework. And at half past twelve I go to bed.
Exercise №1. Прочитав и обсудив 2 рассказа о рабочем дне студентов, напишите впечатления о вашем рабочем дне, используя лексику и структуру вышеприведенных текстов.
Exercise №2. Трансформируйте рассказы Наташи и Эльмиры в контексте прошлого, и сообщите от своего лица об этом вашему партнеру. (Рассказ составляется в Past Indefinite)
Exercise №3. Вставьте один из этих глаголов в каждое предложение:
Hurt, teach, spend, sell, throw, fall, catch, buy, cost
Example: I was hungry, so I bought something to eat in the shop.
1. Tom’s father … him how to drive when he was 17.
2. James … down the stairs and … his leg.
3. We needed some money so we … our car.
4. Ann … a lot of money yesterday. She … a dress which … $50.
5. Jim … the ball to Sue who … it.
Exercise №4. Вставьте глагол в правильную форму. Все предложения в прошедшем времени.
Example: I didn’t go (not/go) to work yesterday because I wasn ’t (not/be) very well.
1. Tom … (not/shave) this morning because he … (not/have) time.
2. We … (not/eat) anything because we (not/be) hungry.
3. I … (not/rush) because I … (not/be) in a hurry.
4. She … (not/be) interested in the book because she (not/understand) it.
Exercise №5. Напишите вопросы. Ваш друг вернулся из отпуска и вы его спрашиваете.
Examples: where/go? Where did you go?
food/good? Was the food good?
1. how long/stay there? …
2. stay in a hotel? …
3. go alone? …
4. how/travel? …
5. the weather/fine? …
6. what/do in the evenings? …
7. meet any interesting people? …
Exercise №6. Переведите на английский язык, используя the Past Indefinite Tense.
1. Мы закончили нашу работу на прошлой неделе. 2. Они вернулись домой в 7 часов вечера. 3. Кому вы отдали эти журналы? 4. Вчера я встретил Марию в институте. 5. Когда вы его видели в последний раз? - В прошлый вторник. 6. В котором часу вы начали работать вчера? - После обеда. У нас было мало работы. 7. Погода была хорошая, и мы с друзьями пошли в парк.
Lesson №13
Section A
The Future Indefinite Tense
The Future Indefinite Tense (будущее неопределенное время) употребляется для выражения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся действий в будущем, оно образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall (для 1-го лица единственного и множественного числа) и will (для всех остальных лиц) и инфинитива основного глагола без частицы to.
I shall go to work. Я пойду на работу.
He will work at the plant. Он будет работать на заводе.
В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол will (shall) предшествует подлежащему:
Shall I go to work? Я пойду на работу?
Will he work at the plant? Он будет работать на заводе?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи отрицания not, которое следует за вспомогательным глаголом:
I shall not (shan’t) read this book. Я не буду читать эту книгу.
He will not (won`t) read this book. Он не будет читать эту книгу.
Future Indefinite часто употребляется со словами и словосочетаниями tomorrow – завтра, next week (month, year) – на будущей неделе (в следующем месяце, году), in – через.
I shall go to England next month. Я поеду в Англию в следующем месяце.
Но в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, after, till, before, as soon as будущее время заменяется формой настоящего времени.
Приложение
IRREGULAR VERBS (Неправильные глаголы)
If you ask me, I shall help you. Если ты попросишь меня,
я помогу тебе.
придат. главн.
предл. предл.
When he comes home, Когда он придет домой,
they will tell him about it. они расскажут ему об этом.
Exercise №1. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future Indefinite Tense.
1. I (not to go) to Pushkin museum tomorrow.
2. Jane (to give) it to you this afternoon.
3. We (have) tomato juice.
4. He (not to phone) her tonight.
5. I (to help) you with it.
6. They (to have) coffee.
7. It is hot here, I (to close the window).
8. It is late, I (to get) a taxi.
9. He (not to tell) Kate what happened.
Exercise №2. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future Indefinite Tense.
1. I (to make) a cake for my parents next Sunday.
2. Her parents (to go) to the concert next Saturday.
3. Raul (to send) a present to his Granny next week.
4. Our mother (to come) home tomorrow afternoon.
5. We (to visit) an interesting exhibition next Monday.
6. I (not to wake up) at six o’clock tomorrow.
7. His aunt (to come back) to Moscow next Tuesday.
8. My friend (to pass) exams tomorrow.
9. Helen (to sing) some songs at the party.
10. Students (to study) at the institute in July.
Exercise №3. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future
Indefinite.
1. Which of the pupils (to rewrite) a composition tomorrow?
2. Your parents (to paint) your cottage next summer?
3. She (to go) to the seaside by plane next month?
4. You (to ring) me up in an hour?
5. She (answer) his friend’s letter tomorrow?
6. When they (to build) a stadium?
7. With whom she (to travel) to Spain next month?
8. Where Boris (to walk) in the evening tomorrow?
9. Nick (to meet) his friend the day after tomorrow?
Exercise №4. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future Indefinite.
1. Why we (not to watch) TV tomorrow evening?
2. Liza (to type) the papers in an hour?
3. My brother (to repair) his car next week?
4. What subject your sister (to teach) at school?
5. When we (to do) this work?
6. Why they (to live) in the country next summer?
7. We (to see) the sunrise tomorrow morning?
8. With whom Pete (to ski) in the park tomorrow?
9. What she (to cook) for dinner tomorrow?
10. When Julia (to help) her mother about the house next time?
Exercise №5. Откройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future Indefinite.
1. Where you (to travel) next month?
2. She (to get up) early tomorrow?
3. Which of your friends (to dance) at the party?
4. When Sue (to take) books from the library?
5. We (use) the computer next Sunday?
6. Where Jim (to buy) the tickets tomorrow?
7. When you (to rewrite) this article?
8. She (to play) the piano tomorrow evening?
9. Who (to help) you at the Institute next year?
10. We (to visit) the picture-gallery next Monday?
Exercise №6. Марк всегда пишет себе список на каждый день. Что он будет делать сегодня? Что он купит сегодня?
Example: He will call to the travel agent.
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