Ex. 1 Read the passage and answer the questions.

MARS   What does this planet look like? Mars, commonly referred to as "the red planet," is the fourth planet from the sun. Its reddish color comes from the high amounts of iron oxide on its surface. Mars has surface features similar to those found on the moon and on Earth. It has mountain ranges, volcanic fields, valleys, ice caps, canyons and deserts. It has numerous impact craters including one, discovered in 2008, that measures more than 6,000 miles in length and nearly 5,000 miles in width. It is, by far, the largest impact crater ever discovered. Mars is also home to Olympus Mons, the highest discovered mountain in the solar system. A person standing on the surface of Mars (in any location in which the mountain was visible) would have no chance of viewing the top. With the peak at 88,600 feet, Olympus Mons is about three times as high as Mount Everest, the highest peak on Earth. Mars' Valles Marineris is the solar system's largest canyon, measuring more than seven miles deep.   How big is this planet? Mars is much smaller than the Earth. Its surface area occupies 28% of Earth's, its mass is only 10 percent of Earth's and its volume is about 15 percent of Earth's.   How long does it take to orbit the sun? 687 days   What is its gravity like? Gravity on Mars is 38% that of the Earth. A 100 pound Earthling would weigh 38 pounds on Mars.   How far is it from the sun? From the Earth? On average Mars is located 138,000,000 miles from the sun. When Mars and Earth are on the same side of the sun, the two planets may come within 35,000,000 miles of each other. When they are on opposite sides of the sun, they may be as far as 399,000,000 miles apart.   What is its atmosphere like? Mars has an extremely thin atmosphere. 95% of it is carbon dioxide, 3% is nitrogen, 1.6% is argon, and the remainder consists of traces of oxygen and water.   What's the temperature like? Of all the planets, temperatures on Mars are most similar to those on Earth. Temperatures can range from about -220 F during a Mars (Martian) winter to a temperate 68 degrees F in summer, though on average the temperature is about -80 F. Unlike Earth, however, the thin atmosphere gives rise to fearsome dust storms that may envelop the entire planet and cause overall temperatures to rise.   How many moons does it have? Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. Both are small and irregularly shaped and may be former asteroids. Interestingly, Phobos orbits Mars at a distance of only about 5,500 miles away from its center, the closest any moon orbits its parent planet. In fact, if a person were to stand on Phobos and look toward Mars, Mars would look apx. 6,400 times larger than the full moon appears from Earth - taking up almost a quarter of the celestial hemisphere. Because Phobos has a particularly low orbit, scientists believe it will eventually crash into Mars, or, break up into pieces, possibly forming rings around the planet.   Interesting facts: *There has long been speculation concerning the possibility of life and or liquid water on Mars. However, the planet's thin atmosphere prevents water from accumulating for any time over significant portions of the planet. Some evidence on the planet's surface suggests the presence of liquid water at some point in history, but scientists think this water would be too salty or acidic to support life as we know it. Furthermore, fierce solar winds and poor heat transfer across its surface would make sustained life virtually impossible. There is compelling evidence, however, that Mars was once much more habitable to life than it is today.   * Many Spacecrafts have attempted to visit Mars, the most notable of which was NASA's Mariner 4, the first to visit in a fly-by in1965. In 1976, Viking 1 and 2 became the first spacecrafts to conduct successful and sustained landings on Mars. They provided the first color photographs of the "red planet." In May of 2008, the NASA Phoenix lander touched down on the north polar region of Mars to study surface features. By December, however, NASA had lost contact with the lander and the mission was declared over.

Questions:

1. Mars is _____________________ the sun than Earth.

A closer to

B farther away from

C about the same distance from

2. The thin atmosphere of Mars can cause scary ________________________.

A dust storms

B hurricanes

C blizzards

D thunderstorms

3. Scientists think any water that could possibly be found on Mars would be too _________.

A hot

B contaminated

C cold

D salty

4. The red color of Mars comes from the _________________ on its surface.

A sand

B ice

C iron oxide

D oxygen

5. Mars is home to ______________________, the largest mountain in the solar system.

A Olympus Mons

B Valles Marineris

C Mount Everest

D Phobos

6. Scientists believe ______________________ will eventually crash into Mars.

A Earth

B the moon Phobos

C the sun

D the moon Deimos

7. ______________________ was the first spacecraft to visit Mars.

A Viking 1

B Viking 2

C Phoenix

D Mariner 4

8. Select all of the following that are true.

A There is no evidence that water ever existed on the surface of Mars.

B Scientists believe that Mars in more habitable today than it was in its past.

C Temperatures on Mars can be similar to those on Earth.

D The moons of Mars may have once been asteroids.

9. The atmosphere of Mars is dominated by ___________________.

A nitrogen

B carbon dioxide

C argon

D oxygen

10. Which of the following IS NOT true?

A Gravity is significantly less on Mars than on Earth

B Earth is substantially larger than Mars

C It takes Mars much longer to orbit the sun (the length of one year) than it does Earth.

D The average temperature on Mars is similar to the average temperature on Earth.

APPENDIX 1 IRREGULAR VERBS

be	was/were	been	быть
beat	beat	beaten	бить, побеждать
become	became	become	становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать
bend	bent	bent	сгибаться, кланяться
bet	bet	bet	держать пари
bite	bit	bitten	кусать, жалить
blow	blew	blown	дуть
break	broke	broken	разбивать, ломать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	передавать по радио, вещать
build	built	built	строить
burn	burnt	burnt	гореть, жечь
burst	burst	burst	взрываться, разражаться (криком, слезами)
buy	bought	bought	покупать
can	could	been able to	мочь, быть способным
catch	caught	caught	ловить
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить
creep	crept	crept	ползти, красться
cut	cut	cut	резать
deal	dealt	dealt	вести дела с кем-л, чем-л
dig	dug	dug	копать
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	рисовать, выводить
drink	drank	drunk	пить
drive	drove	driven	водить машину
eat	ate	eaten	кушать
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feed	fed	fed	кормить
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	бороться, драться
find	found	found	находить
flee	fled	fled	спасаться бегством, исчезать
fly	flew	flown	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	запрещать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
forgive	forgave	forgiven	прощать
freeze	froze	frozen	замораживать
get	got	got	получать
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ехать
grow	grew	grown	расти(ть), выращивать
hang	hung	hung	вешать, висеть
have	had	had	иметь, обладать
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hide	hid	hidden	прятать(ся)
hit	hit	hit	ударять, поражать
hold	held	held	держать
hurt	hurt	hurt	ранить, причинять боль
keep	kept	kept	хранить
kneel	knelt	knelt	становиться на колени
know	knew	known	знать
lay	laid	laid	класть, накрывать стол
lead	led	led	вести за собой, лидировать
learn	learnt	learnt	изучать
leave	left	left	оставлять покидать
lend	lent	lent	одалживать кому-то
let	let	let	позволять, разрещать
lie	lay	lain	лежать
light	lit	lit	прояснять, зажигать
lose	lost	lost	терять, проигрывать
make	made	made	мастерить, делать
mean	meant	meant	значить, иметь в виду
meet	met	met	встречать, знакомить
pay	paid	paid	платить, уделять (внимание)
put	put	put	класть
read	read /e/	read /e/	читать
ride	rode	ridden	ездить (верхом)
ring	rang	rung	звонить
rise	rose	risen	вставать, повышать
run	ran	run	бегать
say	said	said	говорить
see	saw	seen	видеть
seek	sought	sought	искать
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	отправлять
set	set	set	устанавливать
sew	sewed	sewn	шить
shake	shook	shaken	трясти, дрожать
shine	shone	shone	светить, сиять
shoot	shot	shot	стрелять, снимать фильм
show	showed	shown	показывать
shrink	shrank	shrunk	уменьшать, сокращать
shut	shut	shut	закрывать
sing	sang	sung	петь
sink	sank	sunk	тонуть, вязнуть
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
slide	slid	slid	скользить (в т.ч. и по льду)
smell	smelt	smelt	пахнуть, чувствовать запах
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
spend	spent	spent	проводить (время), тратить
spit	spat	spat	плевать, фыркать
split	split	split	раскалывать, разделять на части
spread	spread	spread	распространять, развертывать
spring	sprang	sprung	прыгать, бросаться, разлетаться во все стороны
stand	stood	stood	стоять
steal	stole	stolen	красть
stick	stuck	stuck	вонзать, приклеивать
sting	stung	stung	жалить, причинять острую боль
stink	stank	stunk	вонять
strike	struck	struck	ударять, поражать
swear	swore	sworn	клясться
sweep	swept	swept	подметать, смахивать
swim	swam	swum	плавать, купаться
swing	swung	swung	качать, махать
take	took	taken	брать
teach	taught	taught	учить кого-л
tear	tore	torn	рвать
tell	told	told	говорить к-л
think	thought	thought	думать, размышлять
throw	threw	thrown	бросать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
wake	woke	woken	просыпаться, будить
wear	wore	worn	носить (одежду)
weep	wept	wept	рыдать
win	won	won	выигрывать
write	wrote	written	писать, сочинять

REFERENCES

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