Whitewashing device

See: <euphemism>

Set expressions

include: clichés, proverbs and sayings, <epigram>s, quotations, <allusion>s

Epigram

эпиграмма

a) a <SD> akin to a proverb, the only difference being that epigrams are coined by individuals whose names we know, while proverbs are the coinage of the people

b) terse, witty, pointed statement, showing the ingenious turn of mind of the originator

e.g. A God that can be understood is no God. (S.Maugham)

e.g. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (Keats)

e.g. He that bends shall be made straight. (S.Maugham)

e.g. Art is triumphant when it can use convention as an instrument of its own purpose. (S.Maugham – The Razor’s Edge)

Source: <I.R.G.>

See: <set expressions>,<lexical SDs>

Allusion

аллюзия

an indirect reference, by word or phrase, to a historical, literary, mythological, biblical fact or to a fact of everyday life made in the course of speaking or writing

e.g. No little Grandgrind had ever associated a cow in a field with that famous cow with the crumpled horn that tossed the dog that worried the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt, or with that yet more famous cow swallowed Tom Thumb; it had never heard of those celebrities (Dickens – Hard Times)

(The <meaning> that can be derived from the two allusions, one to the nursery <rhyme> “The House that Jack build” and the other to the old tale “The history of Tom Thumb”)

Source: <I.R.G.>

e.g. "Don't count your boobies until they are hatched"(J.Thurber)

See: <set expressions>,<lexical SDs>

Parenthesis

парентеза

a qualifying, explanatory or appositive word, phrase, clause, sentence, or other sequence which interrupts a syntactic construction without otherwise affecting it, having often a characteristic intonation and indicated in writing by commas, brackets or dashes. (Random House Dict. of the Engl. Lang.)

- a variant of <detached construction>

See: <detached construction>, <syntactical SDs>

Enumeration

перечисление

a <SD> by which separate things, objects, phenomena, properties, actions are named one by one so that they produce a chain, the links of which, being syntactically in the same position (homogeneous parts of speech), are forced to display some kind of semantic homogeneity, remote through it may See m. (I.R.G.:216)

- integrates both homogeneous and heterogeneous elements into one whole, unlike <polysyndeton>

e.g. The principal production of these towns … appear to be soldiers, sailors, Jews, chalk, shrimps, officers and dock-yard men. (Dickens – Pickwick Papers)

See: <polysyndeton>, <parallel construction>, <syntactical SDs>

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