Синтаксические особенности научного стиля

- синтаксическая структура: стройная, полная и, по возможности, стереотипная; преобладают сложноподчинённые предложения, простые – развёрнуты за счёт однородных членов;

- преимущественно прямой порядок слов;

- широкое использование различных типов определений; почти каждое существительное имеет постпозитивное или препозитивное определение, предложный, причастный, герундиальный или инфинитивный оборот

e.g. To cover this aspect of communication engineering we had to develop a statistical theory of the amount of information, in which the unit of the amount of information was that transmitted as a single decision between equally probable alternatives. (N.Wiener – Cybernetics …)

- специфичны: препозитивные определительные группы;

e.g. automatic gyrocompass ship-steering systems, anti-aircraft fire-control systems, automatically-controlled oil-cracking stills, ultra rapid computer machines, very old steam-engine governor. (N.Wiener – Cybernetics …)

- обилие и разнообразие союзов и союзных слов, двойных союзов, (эксплицитно выраженные связи между элементами);

e.g. that, and that, than, if, as, or, nor; not merely... but also, whether... or, both... and, as... as...; thereby, therewith, hereby

Source: <I.V.A.>

See: <scientific style>

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Seme

Shade of meaning

Nuance of meaning

сема, оттенок/элемент значения

- a component part of meaning;

Source: <I.R.G.>:58

Syn.: seme, shade of meaning, nuance of meaning

See: <meaning>, <word>, <sign>

Meaning

значение

- representation of a concept;

- takes one of the properties, by which a concept is characterised and makes it represent the concept as a whole;

- in reference to concept becomes, as it were, a kind of <metonymy>;

Source: <I.R.G.>:59

- a component (the inner form) of the word through which a concept is communicated (Antrushina)

- presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of the word

••

- <grammatical meaning> or <structural meaning>

- <lexical meaning> or <dictionary meaning>

- <logical meaning> or <referential meaning> or <direct meaning> or <denotational meaning>

- <nominal meaning>

- <stylistic meaning> or <connotative meaning>

- <emotive meaning> or <emotional meaning> or <evaluative meaning>

- <contextual meaning>

See: <word>, <sign>, <lexical SDs>

Contextual meaning

a meaning imposed by and depends on the context;

Source: <I.R.G.>:58,64

See: <meaning>

Lexical meaning

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