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Glossary
a, o, aa adv: always, ever, eternally
aæðan wk verb: destroy
Aaron prop name: Haran (forms: Aarone dat sing; Arones gen sing)
abacan Class 6 str verb: bake (forms: abacæ imper sing)
abal neut? noun: power, might
abbod masc noun: abbot (forms: abbude dat sing)
abbudisse fem noun: abbess (forms: abbudissan dat/gen sing)
Abel prop noun: Abel (forms: Abele dat sing; Abeles gen sing)
abelgan Class 3 str verb: anger, enrage, offend (forms: abolgen past part)
abeodan Class 2 str verb w. acc or dat: summon, command, admonish; offer, provide (forms: abead 1st/3rd pers sing pret indic; abeod imper sing; abude 3rd pers sing pret subj)
abidan Class 1 str verb w. gen: await
abiddan Class 5 str verb: pray, ask, obtain
Abimelech, Abimeleh, Abimæleh prop name: Abimelech (forms: Abimelehe, Abimeleche dat sing)
abiscod adj: occupied, busy (forms: abiscode nom pl)
abolgen past part adj: angry, enraged (from abelgan)
Abraham prop name: Abraham (forms: Abrahame dat sing; Abrahames gen sing)
abrecan Class 4 str verb: break, destroy; violate (a commandment) (forms: abrocen past part)
abregdan Class 3 str verb: remove, withdraw, take away; (w. dat) draw (a sword) (forms: abrægd, abræd 3rd pers sing pret indic; abregd imper sing; abregde 3rd pers sing pres subj; abroden past part; abrugdon pl pret indic)
abreotan Class 2 str verb: destroy, kill
abreoðan Class 2 str verb: fail, perish, be destroyed (forms: abreoðe 3rd pers sing pres subj; abroðene past part nom pl masc ("degenerate, immoral"))
abugan Class 2 str verb: bow, bend, incline (forms: abeag 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ac conj: but; nevertheless
acennan wk verb: bear, give birth to (forms: acende, akende past part nom pl; acenned past part)
aclænsian: cleanse, prove innocent
acol adj: timid, alarmed, dismayed
actreo neut noun: oak tree
acuman Class 4 str verb: come (forms: acumen past part)
acweccan wk verb: shake, brandish (forms: acwehte 3rd pers sing pret indic)
acwellan wk verb: kill, destroy (forms: acwealde 3rd pers sing pret indic)
acwencan wk verb: quench, put out (a fire)
acweðan Class 5 str verb: say, speak; reject, banish (forms: acwæð 3rd pers sing pret indic; acwið 3rd pers sing pres indic)
acyþan wk verb: make known, proclaim
ad masc noun: fire, pyre (forms: ade dat sing)
Ada prop name: Ada (forms: Adan dat)
Adam prop noun: Adam (forms: Adame dat; Adames, Adomes gen)
adælan wk verb: separate, divide (forms: adæled past part; adælede past part nom pl masc)
ademan wk verb: judge (forms: ademest 2nd pers sing pres indic);
ademan fram: deprive of (by legal judgement)
adl fem noun: sickness, disease
adlig adj: suffering, sick (forms: adlegan dat sing masc; adligum dat pl)
adon anom verb: put (forms: ado imper sing)
adraedan Class 7 str verb: fear (forms: adred 3rd pers sing pret indic)
adræfan wk verb: drive out, exile (forms: adræfde 3rd pers sing pret indic; adræfdon pl pret indic)
adreogan Class 2 str verb: do, practice (forms: adreogað pl pres indic)
adrifan Class 1 str verb: drive away (forms: adraf 3rd pers sing pret indic; adrifen past part; adrifest 2nd pers sing pres indic)
æ fem noun: law, scriptures, faith
æcer masc noun: field, strip of plough-land (forms: æcera gen pl; æceras acc pl)
ædre adv: soon, immediately
ædre fem noun: artery, vein; spring, stream (forms: ædra gen pl; edrum dat pl)
æfæst adj: righteous, law-abiding, faultless (forms: æfæstan acc sing fem; æfæste nom/acc pl masc/neut)
æfæstnes fem noun: righteousness, religion, piety (forms: æfæstnisse, æfæstnesse dat sing)
æfen, æfyn neut noun: evening (forms: æfenne dat sing)
æfenleoð neut noun: evening song
æfenscima masc noun: evening light, glow of evening
æfentid fem noun: evening (forms: æfentide acc sing)
æfenleoht neut noun: evening light
æfenræst fem noun: evening rest (forms: æfenræste acc sing)
æfenspræc fem noun: evening speech (forms: æfenspræce acc sing)
ge æfnan, efnan wk verb: carry out (forms: geæfndon pl pret indic)
æfre adv: ever, always, forever
æfst masc noun: hatred, malice, rivalry, spite (forms: æfstum dat pl)
æftan adv: from behind
æfter, after prep and adv: after, according to; afterwards; along, through, among, for
æftera adj: second, next (forms: æftre fem nom sing)
æftercweþend masc noun: someone speaking after (the death of) another (forms: æftercweþendra gen pl)
æfterfylgan wk verb: come after (forms: æfterfylige 3rd pers sing pres subj)
æfterlean neut noun: reward, recompense, retribution
æfþanc, æfþonca masc noun: malicious thought; injury, insult (forms: æfþancum dat pl; æfðoncan acc pl)
æfþunca masc noun: repugnant thing, irritant
æhwa pron: each, everyone
æghwær adv: everywhere
æghwæðer, owðer pron: both, each, either (forms: æghwæþres, æghwæðres gen sing masc)
æghwæþer ge... ge: both... and
æghwylc pron and adj: each (forms: æghwylcne acc sing masc; æghwylcum, æghwylcan dat sing masc)
ægþer pron: each, either, both
ægðer... ge...; ægðer ge... ge..., ægðer... and...: both... and...
Ægyftoland, Ægypta lond, Aegiptna land prop name: Egypt (forms: Aegiptna landes gen; Ægyftolande, Ægypta londe, Ægiptna lande dat)
ægylde adj: exempt from receiving wergild (monetary compensation for killing)
ælan wk verb: light, kindle (forms: ælað pl pres indic)
ælc pron: each; any (forms: ælces gen sing; ælcon, ælcum dat sing masc; ælcra gen pl; ælcre, ælcere dat/gen sing fem; ælcum dat pl; dat sing masc)
æled masc noun: fire
ælf masc noun: fairy, goblin, elf (forms: ylfa gen pl; ylfe nom pl)
Ælfere prop name: Ælfhere
Ælfnoð prop name: Ælfnoth
Ælfred prop name: Alfred (forms: Ælfrede dat sing)
Ælfric prop name: Aelfric (forms: Ælfrices gen sing)
ælfsciene adj: fairy-bright, very beautiful (forms: ælfscieno, ælfscinu nom sing fem)
Ælfwine prop name: Aelfwine
Ælla prop name: Aella (forms: Ællan acc)
ælmesmann masc noun: almsman, beggar (forms: ælmesmannum dat pl)
ælmesriht neut noun: right to receive alms (forms: ælmesriht nom pl)
ælmysse fem noun: alms, charity (forms: ælmyssan acc sing)
ælmihtig, ællmihtig adj: almighty (forms: ælmihtiga nom sing masc; ælmihtigan, ælmihtegan, ælmihtegum dat sing masc; ælmihtiges gen sing; ælmihtigne acc sing)
se almihtiga: the Almighty, God
æghwilc, æghwylc pron and adj: each (forms: æghwylcne, æghwilcne acc sing masc; æghwylcum dat sing masc)
ægweard fem noun: watch over the shore (forms: ægwearde acc sing)
æht fem noun: livestock, property; possession (forms: æhte acc sing; æhta acc/gen pl; æhtum dat pl)
geæhtle fem noun: consideration, esteem (forms: geæhtlan gen sing)
æhtnyss fem noun: persecution (forms: æhtnyssa acc pl)
æmette fem noun: ant (forms: æmettan, æmættan nom pl)
geæmetigian wk verb: free, disengage (forms: geæmetige 2nd pers sing pres subj)
afirsian wk verb: remove, expel (forms: afirsa imper sing)
aflygan wk verb: drive out, expel (forms: afligde past part nom pl masc; aflygde 3rd pers sing pret indic)
aflyman wk verb: put to flight, drive away; cause to flee (forms: aflymde 3rd pers sing pret indic)
afor adj: bitter, harsh, fierce
afyrhtan wk verb: frighten (forms: afyrhte past part nom pl masc)
Agar prop name: Agar (Hagar)
ageotan Class 2 str verb: pour out, shed; deprive (by pouring wine for) (forms: agoten past part)
agetan wk verb: destroy
agiefan, agifan Class 5 str verb: grant, give; give up, relinquish (forms: ageaf 3rd pers sing pret indic; ageafe 3rd pers sing pret subj; ageafon pl pret indic; agif imper sing; agyfe 1st pers sing pres indic; agifen, agyfen past part)
agieldan Class 3 str verb: yield, offer (forms: ageald 3rd pers sig pret indic)
æglæca, aglæca masc noun: fierce fighter, terrible attacker (forms: aglæcan, aglæacan acc/dat sing, acc pl; ahlæcan dat/gen sing)
ælgrene adj: all green, very green
ænge, enge adj: narrow, confined, cramped (forms: ænga masc nom sing; enge dat sing masc)
ænig adj and pron: any (forms: ænige acc/dat sing fem; dat sing masc/neut; æniges, ænges gen sing masc; ænigne acc sing masc; ænigre dat/gen sing fem; ænigra gen pl; ænigum, ænegum, anegum, ængum dat sing masc/neut; dat pl)
ænlic adj: incomparable, peerless, beautiful
æppel masc noun: apple, fruit (forms: æple dat sing)
ær adv: formerly, earlier, before (forms: æror, ærur compar);
no þy ær: none the sooner
on ær adv: first, earlier
ær conj and prep: before
ær ðæm ðe conj: before
ær neut noun: brass, bronze (forms: æres gen sing)
ærboren past part adj: earlier born
ærcebiscop masc noun: archbishop (forms: ærcebiscpe, ærcebiscepe dat sing)
ærdæg masc noun: dawn, daybreak; earlier day, previous time (forms: ærdæge dat sing; ærdagum dat pl)
æren adj: made of bronze or brass (forms: ærnum dat pl)
ærende neut noun: errand, message (forms: ærenda acc pl; ærende dat sing)
aerendfaest adj: on a mission, doing an errand
ærendgast masc noun: messenger (-spirit), angel
ærendgewrit neut noun: letter; written communication sent by messenger
ærendian wk verb: go on an errand, carry a message
ærendreca masc noun: messenger (forms: ærendrecan nom pl; ærendwrecum dat pl)
ærendsecg masc noun: messenger
ærest, ærost adv: first
ærest adj: first (forms: ærest neut acc sing; æresta masc nom sing; æreste nom sing fem; ærestan dat sing masc)
ærgestreon neut noun: former treasure (forms: ærgestreonum dat pl)
aergewin neut noun: former struggle
ærglad adj: gracious in former times; of established graciousness (forms: ærglade nom pl masc)
ærgod adj: good in former times; proven good because of age
ærn neut noun: building (forms: ærn acc pl)
ærnan wk verb: run, gallop (forms: ærndon pl pret indic)
ærra adj: former, earlier (forms: ærran dat pl)
ærðon, ærþon, ærþan conj: before
ærwacol adj: awake early; early-rising
asælan wk verb: oppress, constrain, bind with fetters (forms: æsæled past part)
æs neut noun: food (forms: æses gen sing)
æsc masc noun: ash-tree; spear; ship (forms: æsca, asca gen pl)
æscberend masc noun: warrior (a kenning: ash- (i.e. spear-) bearer) (forms: æscberendra gen pl)
Æscesdun prop name: Ashdown, Berkshire
Æscferð prop name: Aescferth
æschere masc noun: ash- (i.e. ship-) army
æscholt neut noun: ash-wood (wood of the ash tree); ash-wood spear
æscplega masc noun: (ash-wood-) spear sport (i.e. battle) (forms: æscplegan dat sing)
æscrof adj: (ash-wood-, i.e. spear-) brave, brave in battle (forms: æscrofe nom pl masc)
æsctir masc noun: ash (i.e. spear, i.e. battle) glory (a kenning for "victory")
æscþræcu fem noun: a storm of ash-woods (i.e. spears—a kenning for "battle") (forms: æscþr&aelic;ce dat sing)
æstel masc noun: pointer
æswic masc noun: deception (forms: æswicas acc pl)
æt prep: at, near, by, from
æt masc noun: food (ætes gen sing)
ætberan Class 4 str verb: carry away; carry up to (forms: ætbær 3rd pers sing pret indic; ætbæron pl pret indic)
æteowan, ætywan wk verb: reveal, display; appear (forms: ætæwde 3rd pers sing pret indic; æteawed past part; æteowde past part fem sing; ætyweð 3rd pers sing pres indic)
ætfeohtan Class 3 str verb: fight against
folmum ætfeohtan: flail around with the hands
ætfeolan Class 3 str verb: hold firmly (forms: ætfealh 1st pers sing pret indic)
ætforan prep: before, in front of
ætgædere, ætgædre adv: together
ætgifa masc noun: nourisher, provider (forms: ætgifan, ætgiefan dat sing)
æðelboren past part adj: of noble birth
æðelborennis, æðelborennes, æþelborennyss fem noun: nobility of birth (forms: æðelnborennesse acc sing)
æðele, æþele adj: noble, excellent; (as noun) noble, man, person (forms: æðela nom sing masc; æðelan acc/dat/gen sing masc/neut; æðele nom/acc pl masc/fem/neut; æðelo acc pl neut; æþelu nom sing fem; æðelum dat pl)
æþeling, æðeling masc noun: noble, prince (forms: æðelinga, æþelinga gen pl; æþelingas, æðelingas nom pl; æðelinge dat sing; æþelinges, æðelinges gen sing; æþellingum, æðelingum dat pl)
Æþelinga eig prop name: Athelney, Somerset (lit "Island of the Nobles") (forms: Æþelinga eigge, Æþelingga eige dat)
Æþelbald prop name: Aethelbald
Æþelbryht prop name: Aethelbryht (forms: Æþelbryhtes gen sing)
Æþelgar prop name: Aethelgar (forms: Æþelgares gen sing)
Æþelred, Æþered prop name: Aethelred (forms: Æþelredes gen)
Æþelwulf prop name: Aethelwulf
Æþelwulfing adj: son of Æþelwulf
Æþeric prop name: Aetheric
æþelu, æðelo fem noun: nobility, origin, nature, talent (forms: æþele dat/gen sing; æðelum, æþelum dat pl)
æðelu, æþelo neut pl noun: descent, lineage
Æþelwulf prop name: Aethelwulf
ætleapan Class 7 str verb: escape, run away from (forms: ætleape 3rd pers sing pres subj)
æthrinan Class 1 str verb: touch (forms: æthran 3rd pers sing pret indic; æthrinað pl pres indic)
ætsomne adv: together, united, at once
ætstandan Class 6 str verb: stand still, stop; remain standing (forms: ætstod 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ætstaeppan Class 6 str verb: step towards, up to (something) (forms: ætstop 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ættrynne, ætterne adj: poisoned, deadly
ætwindan Class 3 str verb: escape (forms: ætwand 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ætwist fem noun: food, sustenance
ætwitan wk verb: reproach
æwbryce masc noun: adultery (forms: æwbrycas acc pl)
æwiscmod adj: ashamed, disgraced
afandian wk verb: try, test, find out (forms: afanda imper sing)
afeallan Class 7 str verb: fall, decline (forms: afeallen past part)
afedan wk verb: beget, produce, bring forth (forms: afeded past part)
aferian wk verb: depart, withdraw (forms: aferige 3rd pers sing pres subj)
afylgean wk verb: pursue, persecute (forms: afylgde 3rd pers sing pret indic)
afyllan wk verb: fill (forms: afylled past part)
afyllan wk verb: kill (forms: afylle 3rd pers sing pres indic)
afyrran wk verb: take away (forms: afyrred past part)
afysan wk verb: drive away; urge on (forms: afysed past part)
agan, agon wk verb: own, possess, have; control, rule (forms: age 1st/2nd/3rd pers sing pres subj; agen pl pres subj; agon pl pres indic; ah 1st/3rd pers sing pres indic; ahte 1st/3rd pers sing pret indic/subj; ahton pl pret indic; negative forms combined with ne: nagon (= ne + agon) pl pres indic; nah (= ne + ah) 1st pers sing pres indic; nahte (= ne + ahte) 1st/3rd pers sing pret indic/subj; nahton (= ne + ahton) pl pret indic)
agan anom verb: pass away, end
agangan Class 7 str verb: go, go by, pass (forms: agongen past part)
agen adj: own, proper (forms: agene acc/dat sing fem; agenes gen sing neut; agenne acc sing masc; agenre dat sing fem; agenum, agnum dat pl; dat sing masc)
agend masc noun: owner
agendfrea masc noun: (possessing) lord, owner (forms: agendfrean acc sing)
ageotan Class 2 str verb: shed, pour out; deprive (forms: ageat 3rd pers sing pret indic; agotene past part nom pl masc)
agrafan Class 6 str verb: carve, engrave (forms: agrof 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ge agnian, ægnian wk verb: own, acquire, obtain; dedicate (forms: geagnod past part)
ahsian, acsian wk verb: ask, seek for; deserve (forms: ahsode 3rd pers sing pret indic; ahsodon pl pret indic)
geacsian wk verb: find out, discover, learn (forms: geahsod past part; geaxode 3rd pers sing pret indic)
aheawan Class 7 str verb: cut down (forms: aheawen past part)
ahebban Class 6 str verb: raise up, lift, exalt; achieve, maintain (forms: ahafen past part; ahof 1st/3rd pers sing pret indic; ahofon pl pret indic)
ahicgan, ahycgan wk verb: consider, devise
ahiþan wk verb: devour, destroy
ahleapan Class 7 str verb: leap up (forms: ahleop 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ahliehhan Class 6 str verb: laugh at; exult (forms: ahlog, ahloh 3rd pers sing pret indic)
ahon Class 7 str verb: hang, suspend (forms: aheng 3rd pers sing pret indic; ahongen, ahangen past part)
ahreddan wk verb: save, rescue (forms: ahrædde 3rd pers sing pret indic/subj; ahredde 1st/3rd pers sing pres/pret indic; ahreddest 2nd pers sing pret indic; ahreded past part)
ahuðan Class 2 str verb: plunder (forms: ahudan pl pret indic)
ahwar adv: anywhere, ever, at all
ahweorfan Class 3 str verb w. gen: turn away, turn aside from (forms: ahwearf 3rd pers sing pret indic; ahwurfon pret pl indic)
ahwæðer, owðer pron: either
ahwettan wk verb: reject (forms: ahwet 3rd pers sing pres subj)
aidligan wk verb: profane, make useless
airnan Class 3 str verb: run out, pass away (forms: aurnen past part)
alædan wk verb: lead (forms: alædde 3rd pers sing pret indic; alæde imper sing)
alætan Class 7 str verb: forgive, pardon (forms: to alætanne inflect infin)
aldorbana masc noun: murderer, killer (forms: aldorbanan dat sing)
aldordæg masc noun: life-day, day of a life (forms: aldordagum, ealderdagum dat pl)
aldordema masc noun: magistrate, lord
aldorleas adj: leaderless (forms: aldorlease nom pl masc)
aldorcearu fem noun: great sorrow (forms: aldorceare dat sing)
aldorduguð fem noun: nobility, leading warriors (forms: aldorduguðe nom pl)
aldorgedal, ealdorgedal neut noun: death
aldorneru fem noun: salvation, life-saving, safety (forms: aldornere acc sing)
aldorwisa masc noun: leader, chief
alecgan, alecgean wk verb: lay, lay down; abandon, relinquish; put down, conquer (forms: alecgað pl pres indic; aled past part; aledon pl pret indic; alegde, alede 3rd pers sing pret indic)
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