1 страница

I

The reception was all that (expect). When we arrived we (show) into some kind of hall where we (detain) with the rest of the actors. Apparently we (not/allow) yet to mingle with the other crowd. As the guests assembled in the room, it was plain to me that they (choose) carefully. Looking around I recognised Anthony Blanche. He (point) out to me often in the streets. I (interrupt) in my observation by a woman reporter whom the manager had led up to me. I (warn) against the dangers of being interviewed by strangers. As we (introduce) I made up my mind to avoid it at any cost.

II

It was Saturday night and Pete sat watching TV. People (kill) for an hour on the screen. Policemen (shoot) in the line of duty, gangsters (throw) off roofs, and an elderly lady slowly (poison) for her pearls, and her murderer (bring) to justice by a cigarette company after long discussions which (hold) in the office of a private detective. Villains holding guns (leap at) by brave, unarmed actors, and ingenues (save) from deaths by the quick-thinking young men.

III

The Connolly children (find) lurking under the seats of a carriage when the train (empty). They (drag) out and (stand) on the platform. Since they could not (leave) there, they (include) in the party that (send) by bus to the village. From that moment their destiny for ever (connect) with that of the village. Nothing ever (discover) about the children's par­ents.

IV

Bridgehampton. Friday. A disastrous fire broke out on the top floor of the Grand Hotel, Washington Road, in the small hours of the morning.

The alarm (give) by the night porter. His attention (draw) to smoke issuing from one of the top floor windows by a group of young people who were returning late from a dance. Within five minutes the town Fire Brigade was on the spot. The work of fighting the fire, and evacuating the guests seriously (hamper) by the non-operation of the lifts. It (believe) that the fire (cause) by a short circuit in the lift machinery and had extended to the whole floor before it (observe). The flames (bring) under control in two hours. Two of the guests staying at the hotel lost their lives. They (trap) in their rooms and evidently (overcome) by fumes before the rescuers could reach them. A third guest (take) to hospital with multiple burns. His condition (report) as being serious.

Ex. 3. (C) Use the required active or passive tense forms.

I

I once (know) a village teacher who (be) partially blind. He (deprive) of one eye as the result of infection. His blind eye (take) out, and a glass one (insert) in its socket instead.

One day the teacher (need) to leave his class of small children alone for half an hour or so. But he (hold) back by one consideration. The children of the class (be) really unruly. He (know) that if they (leave) alone for any length of time they (become) violent and complaints (make) by their parents.

Suddenly he (strike) by an idea. In a moment his glass eye (take) out of its socket, and (place) on the table.

"Now, children," he said, "I (go) out for a few minutes but you (observe) all the time by my eye. If anything (do) which (not approve) by me it (see) by my eye, and the child (punish) when I (return)."

The children (impress) very much, and the teacher (go) off.

But when he (return) an hour later it (seem) that a hurricane (pass) through the classroom. The teacher (astound). "Evidently", he thought, "I (outwit). I wonder how." In the classroom the tables (overturn), the walls (spatter) with ink from ink-bombs which (throw) during the battle which still (fight) out as a manifestation of high spirits. In fact, a good time (have) by all.

The teacher (wonder) why the presence of his glass eye (not respect). He (look) round for it and (see) that it (cover) by a hat.

II

At the last glow of sunset, they (board) the aeroplane in inverse order of seniority beginning with the sergeant and ending with General Spitz. The plane they (provide) with was luxurious for the wartime. It (fit) with seats. Little lights (glow) along the roof. Soon the doors (shut). The lights (go) out. It (be) now completely dark. What once (be) windows (paint) out. The roar of the engine (impose) silence on the party. Dan, who (put) himself next to the cockpit, (long) for a forbidden cigarette and (try) to compose himself for sleep, though it (be) far from his normal bedtime. He (wear) the same shirt all day without a chance of changing. In the hot afternoon it (be) damp with sweat. Now in the chill upper air it (cling) to him and (set) him shivering. It (not occur) to him to bring his greatcoat. It (be) an unsatisfactory day. He (wander) about the streets of the old town with the Lieutenant. They (lunch) at the club and (order) to report at the airfield two hours before they (need). He (not dine) and (see) no hope of doing so. He (sit) in black boredom and discomfort until, after an hour, sleep (come).

(Ex. 2-3 are taken from "An English Grammar Practice Book"

by I. P. Krylova)

Ex. 4. (С) Translate the verbs in bold type into English. A

Молодой писатель ходил взад и вперед по комнате. Он пытался найти тему для рассказа. Рассказ был давно обещан редактору. Срок подходил, а ничего еще не было сделано. Молодой писатель посмотрел на книжные полки. "Сколько уже написано, - подумал он. - Все хорошие темы уже много раз использованы. Вот хотя бы эти рассказы. Они были написаны до моего рождения. И это хорошие рассказы. Без сомнения, их в свое время читали, они нравились, и о них говорили. Но сейчас они совершенно забыты. А что, если..."

К концу дня один из забытых рассказов был перепечатан и отослан в редакцию. На следующий день пришло письмо из редакции журнала.

"Это безобразие, - писал редактор. - Такие поступки нельзя ни простить, ни понять. Ведь этот рассказ был опубликован в нашем журнале только месяц тому назад."

В

Частная жизнь Хэмфри Богарта.

Наш старый бухгалтер ушел на пенсию, и на его место взяли нового. Через неделю его уже знали все, и всем он нравился. Выяснилось, что он женат, и у него есть ребенок. Было решено, что он хороший человек, тихий и скромный. Мы тогда и не думали, что через несколько недель о нем будет говорить вся контора. Случилось это так. Весна в прошлом году пришла рано. В одно прекрасное утро контора была полна перешептываний. Богарта видели в ресторане с девушкой. Они ели мороженое, и он смотрел на нее влюбленными глазами. Через несколько дней его видели с этой же девушкой в самом темном углу парка. Они целовались. Через неделю их встретили на пляже.

- Что-то надо сделать, - было общее решение. - Ему надо сказать, его надо остановить, ему надо объяснить.

Наконец ему велели сейчас же идти в кабинет директора. Там его встретила целая комиссия.

- Хэмфри Богарт, - сказал директор. - Вас много раз видели с молодой женщиной... Потом Богарту велели на следующий же день привести эту молодую женщину к директору для серьезного разговора.

- Но, - сказал он. - Завтра нельзя. Она поведет ребенка к врачу.

- Так там уже есть ребенок! - воскликнул профорг.

- Конечно, - ответил он. - Я думал, что все уже знают.

- Значит, это была ваша жена! - сказали мы. - Почему же Вы этого сразу не сказали?

- Меня не спрашивали, - ответил он.

(From "Practical English Grammar by Correspondence"

by EA. Nathanson)

4. TESTS

i

1. Покажите мне, где в вашем городе строится новый театр.

2. Зимой свет зажигается рано.

3. За билеты давно уплачено.

4. Его можно было видеть в саду в любую погоду.

5. Нам в лагерь регулярно доставляют провизию и почту.

6. Жаль, что на коференции таких вопросов не касались.

7. Об этой книге уже написано много статей.

8. Над ним всегда смеялись, когда он был школьником.

9. Ничего удивительного, что цветы завяли (fade), их не поливали целую неделю.

10. После ланча я слышал, что за Чарльзом послали.

1Г

1. Вниз по этой улице строится новый квартал домов.

2. Тебя интересует работа, которую тебе предложили?

3. Его пришлось прооперировать.

4. Посмотри! Разбили наше окно.

5. Уроки нужно делать более интересными.

6. Студентам велели подождать за дверью.

7. Посторонних просят уйти с собрания (leave).

8. Я почувствовал, что ему уже задавали этот вопрос.

9. Об этой картине много говорят. Мне ее очень хорошо описали.

10. Эти недостатки можно легко устранить (eliminate).

III

1. Эта звезда хорошо видна только после захода солнца.

2. Нам сообщили об этом только перед началом собрания.

3. Тетю Дашу в семье моего отца не любили, ее считали глупой.

4. Я прислушался, в зале играли концерт Моцарта.

5. Меня приняли прекрасно и угостили обедом.

6. Я не мог сказать ему, что потратил деньги, которые мне дали на учебники.

7. Он прибыл после того, как погасло (cut) электричество.

8. Мы наблюдали, как разгружались (unload) корабли.

9. Ее нигде не было видно.

10. Я уверен, что за ним последуют многие.

IV

1. Его никогда не приглашали на вечеринки.

2. Многие старые здания в городах сейчас заменяются (replace) новыми зданиями.

3. Если этот процесс не контролировать, города скоро потеряют свой уникальный облик (character).

4. Когда Морган умер, его коллекция картин была распродана (sell out).

5. Этот документ должен быть подписан.

6. Окно было разбито ветром прошлой ночью.

7. Здесь ремонтируют туфли и ботинки.

8. Нам постоянно напоминают об опасности загрязнения (pollution) окружающей среды.

9. Скоро даже самые отдаленные (remote) острова будут посещаться туристами.

10. Этого никто не ожидал (expect).

THE USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

The Subjunctive Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a non-fact, as something imaginary or desired.

1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentences may express real and unreal condition. They are introduced by the conjunctions: if, in case, provided, unless, suppose.

CONDITION	SUBORDINATE CLAUSE	PRINCIPAL CLAUSE	TRANSLATION
Real	If it looks like rain, If I have more time If he is working on Friday		we'll stay at home. I'll come over, he won't be able to go with us.	<8>
Present Ind./Cont.		will + Inf.
Unreal	Present/Future	If I were you, If I had more time, If you knew him better, If it were not raining,	1 would go there myself. 1 would come over, you wouldn't think so. 1 could go out.	©
		would could might	+ Inf.
Past Ind./Cont.
Past	If you had gone there, If it hadn't been so hot last summer,	you would have seen him. we could have gone to the South.
Past Perfect		would could might	+ have + Participle II

NOTES:

1. "If" is the most common. "In case" and "provided" are chiefly used in sentences of real condition:

□ In case I don't find her at home, I'II leave her a note.

В случае. если я не застану ее дома, я оставлю ей записку.

□ We'// finish the work on time provided you send all the necessary materials.

Мы закончим работу вовремя, при условии если вы пришлете все необходимые материалы. Unless has a negative meaning:

□ I 'II come in time unless I am detained at the Institute.

Я приду вовремя, если меня не задержат в институте. Suppose is more common in sentences of unreal condition:

□ Suppose he wrote to you, would you answer? Предположим, он написал бы вам, вы бы ответили?

2. In the subordinate clause auxiliary "should" can be used. Such sentences are translated by means of "Если бы случилось так...", "Случись так...":

□ If he should come, ask him to wait.

В случае. если он придет, попросите его подождать.

3. There are two mixed types of sentences of unreal condition:

a) the condition refers to the past and the consequence refers to the present:

□ If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well today. Если бы вы вчера приняли это лекарство, теперь вы бы были здоровы.

b) the condition refers to no particular time and the consequence to the past:

□ If he were not so absent-minded, he would not have missed the train yesterday. Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он бы не опоздал вчера на поезд.

4. Unreal conditions may also be expressed in the following ways:

a) But for + noun/pronoun

□ But for the rain, we would go down to the country. Если бы не дождь, мы бы поехали за город.

b) If it were not for + noun/pronoun had not been for

□ If it were not for your help, I wouldn't be able to finish my work in time. Если бы не ваша помощь...

□ If it hadn't been for me, they would have never found the place. Если бы не я...

5. In sentences of unreal condition the modal verbs "might" and "could" are often used instead of "would"; they fully retain their modal meaning:

□ If I had a big garden I would

could grow a lot of flowers,

might

6. Adverbial clauses of condition containing the verbs had, were, could, should are often introduced without any conjunction. In these cases we find inversion:

i

Ш ¹ [had

time, I would come over. □ Had I time, I would come over.

Xl she

_____ in New York, she would certainly call you;

□ Were she in New York, she would certainly call you. 7. Indirect Speech:

"If I had a big garden I would grow a lot of flowers".

were

□ He said that if he had a big garden he would (could/might) grow a lot of flowers.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. (A, B) Make sentences. Choose from the boxes.

we don't hurry I can't get a flight you come home late

If + I don't feel well

you have any problems

please come in quietly. I'm not going to work, we'll be late.

I'll try to help you. I'll fly home on Sunday.

I can understand you

It will be nice

You'll be cold

What are you going to do

+ if

I'm sure they'll understand

you don't wear a coat.

you don't pass your exam? you explain your problem, you speak slowly.

you can come to the party.

Ex. 2. (A, B) Choose the correct form of the verb: RIGHT/WRONG.

1. If I don't feel/won't feel well tomorrow, I stay/I'll stay at home.

2. If the weather is/will be nice tomorrow, we can go to the beach.

3. It will be hard to find a hotel if we arrive/will arrive late.

4. The alarm will ring if there is/will be a fire.

5. I am/will be surprised if they get/will get married.

6. Do/will you go to the party if they invite/will invite you?

7. If I am/will be late this evening, don't wait for me.

8. What shall we do, if it rains/will be raining?

9. I 'II be able to understand you, if you speak/will speak slowly.

Ex. 3. (A, B) Practise the following according to the model.

Model: He runs round the park every morning, so he keeps very fit. If I ran round the park every morning I would keep fit too.

1. He lives in the South, so he can grow a lot of flowers.

2. They use electric typewriters, so they finish their work soon.

3. He lives near his work, so he is never late.

4. He goes to bed early, so he always wakes up in time.

5. His French is good, so he reads French books in the original.

6. They have a maid, so they can enjoy themselves.

Danger! Keep away from the edge!

Ex. 4. (A, B) Look at the warning signs. What would you say to somebody who's ignoring them?

Model:

□ If you don't keep away from the edge, you'll fall down.

(to fall down)

(to smoke here/to be a fire) Wet paint! (to ignore the sign/to get dirty) Horn forbidden!

(to step on the ice/to be drowned)

Dangerous road!

(to drive fast/to have an accident)

Beware of the dog!

(to ignore the sign/to get bitten by the dog)

Ex. 5. (A, B) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. I

1. If I had this tool, I (give) it to you.

2. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes.

3. I could give you his address if I (know) it.

4. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.

5. If he knew you were away, he (not come).

6. I (keep) a gardener if I could afford it.

7. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?

8. He (not go) there if his family were not invited.

9. The car wouldn't break so often if you (have) it serviced regularly.

1. If I (know) her better, I (introduce) you.

2. The journey takes about 3 hours by bus. You (get) there much sooner if you (go) by train.

3. If I (have) money with me then, I (can lend) you some.

4. He couldn't find a job when he came to Germany. If he (like) children, he (work) at school.

5. The teacher told Peter that he (not pass) the exam if he (not work) harder.

Ex. 6. (A, B)

I. Use "might" instead of "would" to give the meaning of "perhaps".

1. She's getting fat. If she (not eat) much sweet, she (lose) weight.

2. I didn't watch the film yesterday. If I (have) some free time yesterday, I (watch) it.

3. She feels very tired in the morning. If she (go) to bed earlier, she (not feel) so tired.

4. He's not a strong man. If he (go) to the fitting center, he (be) stronger.

II. Use "could" instead of "would" to give the meaning of "possible".

1. We (understand) the English teacher better if she (speak) more slowly.

2. I like reading but we don't have books in our country house. If I (have) books there, I (read) a lot in summer.

3. I don't know where he's living now. If I (know) his address, I (write) to him.

(not obey the sign/to get fined)

4. Roberta is very pretty but rather short. If she (be) taller, she (be) a model.

Ex. 7. (А, В) Answer the questions in complete sentences.

I

1. To which town/city would you go if you didn't need a visa?

2. Who would you ask to dance if you had the choice?

3. Could you come to the Institute on Sunday if the teacher asked you?

4. How would you feel if you won a thousand dollars?

5. Could you wake up at 5 a.m. if none woke you up?

6. Could you cook your own dinner if your mother asked you?

II

1. If you had been born in 1950, what would you be now?

2. If you had been late for this lesson, would you have apologized to the teacher?

3. What would you have done if you had been the Rector of the University?

4. Could you have answered these questions correctly if you had been absent at the last lesson?

Ex. 8. (A, B) Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb.

Model: □ If I were you, I (to read) the book in the original.

If I were you, I would read the book in the original.

□ If I had known how dull the film was, I (not to go) to the cinema.

If I had known how dull the film was, I would not have gone to the cinema. 1. They (to go) to the beach if it were warmer. 2. If the poem were not so long, I (to learn) it by heart. 3. Even if it were not so late I don't think I (to go) to the cinema. 4. Even if he knew how difficult the situation was, he (not to stop) the preparations. 5. Even if I had a dictionary, I don't believe I (to be able) to write the test. 6. Even if you had given her your car, she (cannot arrive) in so short a time. 7. Even if I wanted to, I (can do) nothing now. 8. If you really wanted to buy the house, you (can do) it even now.

Ex. 9. (В, C) Replace the infinitives in brackets by the right form of the verb.

Model: If I (to know) about it, I (to help) you.

If I had known about it, I would have helped you. 1. The place was very dull. Even if it (not to be raining) the whole week, we (not enjoy) our holiday. 2. If you (not to interfere), they (to forget) all about it in an hour. 3. If you (to trust) me, I (can lead) you safely through. 4. The dinner (not to be spoiled) if you (not forget) the dish in the oven. 5. She (to know) how to behave if she (to be) a born lady. 6. He (not to take) this case even if he (to be asked). 7. The accident (not to happen) if you (to be) more attentive. 8. She (to go) there even if she (to have) to walk all the way. 9. None (to mind) if he (be dismissed). 10. Someone (may notice) if she (open) the letter.

Ex. 10. (В, C) Compose conditional sentences on the basis of the following statements.

Model: □ It's raining hard. We can't go out. If it were not raining so hard, we could go out.

□ I have no dictionary. I shan't finish the translation today. If I had a dictionary, I would finish the translation today.

□ The goal-keeper was hurt early in the game. The team lost. If the goal-keeper had not been hurt early in the game, the team would not have lost.

1. She thought of her future and refused to marry the young man.

2. He was deep in his thoughts and did not notice the "no parking" sign.

3. I have a lot of work to do, I can't go to the pictures.

4. There is no one to sit with the baby, I have to stay at home.

5. The rain has stopped at last, and we began to enjoy ourselves.

6. She did not think of the consequences and agreed to forge (подделать) the document.

7. There were so many people there that nobody noticed his absence.

8. We don't like cheese. We don't buy it.

9. He lost his temper and said things he did not really mean.

10. I don't know your cousin, I can't meet her at the station.

Ex. 11. (A, B) Compose sentences according to the model. Use but for + noun/pronoun

Model: □ I don't want to tell you this, but I promised to. But for my promise, I wouldn't tell you this. □ He didn't die. The operation saved him. But for the operation he would have died. 1. He wants to go swimming but the water is cold. 2. He couldn't see us off as he was busy at the office. 3. She wasn't alone in the house, her husband was asleep in his room. 4.1 want to go but I have an examination tomorrow. 5. In the end he went to see the doctor. His wife made him do it. 6. It began to rain and we didn't go for a walk. 7. We couldn't have a picnic. The weather was too bad. 8. Of course I want to help you but I have a conference today. 9. He had a good guide so he could see all the sights. 10. You can't prepare the contract because the computer is out of order.

Ex. 12. (A, B) Translate the words in brackets.

1. But for her spelling she (получила бы) an excellent mark for her composition.

2. But for my sister's help I (не смогла бы перевести) the article so fast.

3. But for the neighbour's chickens I (не держала бы) the dog chained.

4. But for your explanation I (не научилась бы) to do it so well.

5. But for the final scene the picture (была бы) quite good.

6. But for his sore throat he (выступил бы) at the meeting.

7. But for the grandmother's operation they (поехали бы) to the Crimea.

8. But for her voice she (была бы) a good actress.

9. But for the heat I (нравилось бы) working in this country.

10. But for the accident he (поставил бы/set) a record.

Ex. 13. (В, C) Translate the verbs in brackets. I

1. If I had known that you were in hospital (я бы навестил тебя). 2. If (я бы знал) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake. 3. If (ты бы пришел) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat. 4. You would have seen my garden at its best if (ты был бы здесь) last week. 5. I wouldn't have believed it if (я бы не видел) it with my own eyes. 6. (Я бы предложил) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. 7. If (я бы понял) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you. 8. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red (я бы остановился). 9. (Куры не вошли бы/get) into the house if you had shut the door. 10. If he had known that the river was dangerous (он бы не пытался) to swim across it. 11. If (Вы бы говорили) more slowly he might have understood you. 12. If he had known the whole story (он бы не разозлился). 13. If (я бы попытался) again I think that I would have succeeded. 14. (Вы бы не попали/get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions. 15. If (я была бы готова) when he called he would have taken me with him. 16. If she had listened to my directions (она бы не повернула) down the wrong street. 17. (Я бы взял такси) if I had realized that it was such a long way. 18. If (ты бы не чихнула/sneeze) he wouldn't have known that we were there.

II

1. If (я встретил тебя) you yesterday, of course (я бы предупредил) you. 2. I'm sorry I threw the newspaper away. (Я бы не выбросил ее) if (я бы знал) you had wanted it. 3. Why didn't you ask me to help you? Of course (я бы помог тебе) if (ты бы попросил меня) to. 4. I'm sorry I couldn't come to the cinema with you last Friday. (Я бы пошел) if (я бы не был) so busy. 5. (Я бы не ушел из) the office early yesterday if (я бы не закончил) my work.

Ex. 14. (С) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. Don't forget that there exist mixed types of conditional sentences.

1.1 had a sandwich for lunch. If I (have) a proper lunch, I (not feel) so hungry now. 2. He told his friend, "I'm not feeling very well. I (not be) here today if I (not promise) to come." 3.1 can hardly keep my eyes open. If I (go) to bed earlier last night, I (not be) so tired now. 4. He looked at his watch while he was driving and thought, "If I (not stop) to get petrol, I (be) home now." (use 'might') 5. If Jack (not hurt) his ankle yesterday, he (play) football this afternoon, (use 'could') 6. He wasn't a very happy man, and he often said, "If I (follow) my father's advice, I (be) much happier now." (use 'might')

Ex. 15. (C) Supply the necessary forms for the verbs given in brackets in the following sentences of unreal condition.

1. "Are you still thinking of going on that cruise?" - "It (may be) enjoyable," he said, "if one (to have) just the right person to go with." 2. It (to be) fun if Roberta (to write) a book. 3.1 never tried to understand my brother. If I (to try) I (may stop) him from going away. 4. If I (to be) you, Meg, I (not to let) myself believe this hateful gossip. 5.1 (to hate) myself if I (to deceive) him. 6. He said he had no pain, and if it (not to be) for the doctor, he (to get up) and (to go) home. 7. She (can go) to Cambridge if she (to want). She had been offered a scholarship. 8. You (to be) horrified if I (to tell) you what I have had to go through. 9. I'm glad I wasn't at home. He (not to get) much help if he (to ask) me. 10. The house looked awful. If I (to be) given to crying I (may cry). 11. "No, I won't tell you," she said. "It (not to be) fair to them if it just (to turn) out to be gossip." 12. It (may be) fatal if she (to learn) the truth. 13. "May I read this?" - "I (not to bother) if I (to be) you." 14. If I (to keep) to my original plan I (to miss) the whole affair. 15. Alice thought it (may be) nice if you (can join) us. 16. It (to look) silly if I (to tell) them the truth. 17. If I (to be) you, I (to try) to rise above it. 18. If I (to be) there, of course, I (to do) something. 19. If it (not to be) for the children I (to leave) you tomorrow. 20. If I (to be) a painter, I (to choose) an entirely different scenery.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14