Work workable working

6)1. The term "prospecting" covers the whole range of geological... aimed at discovering... deposits.

2. Naturally, the prospector also finds non-... mineral con­
centrations more often than economic ones.

3. Many countries have their own classification system of...
deposits.

180_____________________________________________ Unit 7

4. The type of exploratory...s needed depends on the thick­
ness of overburden and the angle of dip.

5. The thickness of the seam considerably influences the
choice of the method of....

29. Определите значение сочетаний глаголов с послелогами:

to look at the geological map to look for a mineral deposit

to work out a new plan to work on a difficult problem

(programme) to be made up of partings

to find out all about the to crop out at the surface

mode of occurrence of a to search for ores

mineral to touch upon the methods of

to cany out research prospecting

30. Подберите е глаголам из списка А существительные из списка Б.
Переведите полученные сочетания слов на русский язык:

А. Б.

1. to discover a) oil and gas

2. to drive 6) valuable minerals

3. to extract в) a proper method

4. to estimate r) new coal-fields

5. to choose д) crosscut (adit, drift)

6. to determine e) the cost of the project

7. to sink ж) holes

8. to search (for) 3) lead and copper

9. to take и) reserves

10. to smelt к) samples

11. to drill л) iron ore

м) pits

31. Назовите номера предложений, в которых местоимение It 1) является
формальным подлежащим, 2) заменяет ранее упомянутое существительное:

1. Coal is used as a fuel. It is also important as the source of
coke for the steel industry.

2. It is possible to explore very gently sloping seams by bore­
holes.

3. It is due to Karpinsky's work that we know the origin of the
coal in the Donets Basin.

4. It should be noted that there exist surface (ground) and aerial
prospecting methods.

5. Oil occurred at great depths and it was difficult to search for
it.

32. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод союзов either
... of, neither... nor.

Unit 7

either	тот или другой,	either... or	либо... либо,
	и тот и другой		или... или
neither	ни тот, ни другой,	neither... nor	ни... ни
	ни один (из них)

1. Depending on the geological conditions either adits or bore­
holes can be driven into the deposit.

2. When working steep seams under thick overburden neither
trenches nor adits can be used.

3. Neither the thickness of overburden nor the angles of dip
and strike were determined correctly.

4. At present either surface or aerial methods of geological pros­
pecting can be used.

5. Neither faults nor fissures were found by the surveyors.

33. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитив­
ного оборота «сложное подлежащее»:

1. Oil is known to be one of the most important sources of energy.

2. Petroleum is believed to have been formed from decaying
vegetable and animal remains.

3. Drilling is considered to be the principal exploration method
and it is widely used when deposits are of large dimensions.

4. Until recently a depth of 50-ft overburden was considered to
be the maximum.

5. Coal is still the most important fuel and is likely to remain
the main source of energy for years to come.

6. Neighbouring coal beds seemed to be sloping gently.

7. The computerized systems of planning and control proved to
be reliable.

34. Выпишите из текста Б предложения, в которых употребляются ин­
финитивные обороты «сложное подлежащее», «сложное дополнение». Пере­
ведите их.

35. Выразите несогласие и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из
текста Б. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

on the contrary; to my mind; In my opinion; as far as I know; I'd like to stress; It should be taken into consideration

1. The preliminary exploration gives reliable information only
on the place of the deposit.

2. The quality of the mineral deposit can be determined without
taking samples.

182_____________________________________________ Unit 7

3. The data obtained from the exploratory workings allow the
geologist to estimate the mineral reserves and to plan current pro­
duction.

4. In prospecting for loose rocks, only core-drilling is used.

Суммируйте содержание текста Б по плану.

1. The task of the preliminary exploration.

2. Exploratory workings used at the preliminary stage of exploration.

3. Sampling as a means of determining the quality of the min­
eral deposit.

4. The aims of the detailed proving and exploitation exploration.

37. Скажите, какие основные сведения необходимы геологу для описа­
ния месторождения.

38. Расскажите о вкладе выдающихся ученых-геологов в науку о Земле и
ее недрах.

39. Прочитайте текст В. Перечислите основные методы разведки, упо­мянутые в тексте, и скажите, какой из них вы считаете наиболее прогрес­сивным. Дайте обоснование своего ответа.

ТЕКСТ В

1. World-wide economic development has been characterized by the
growth rates in the demand of raw materials and especially for the
primary sources of energy. Despite the development of nuclear energy,
the expansion of off-shore oil and natural gas production, the extraction
of oil from bituminous sands and oil shales, the liquefaction
(разжижение) and gasification of coal, and the application of such
sources as geothermal and solar energy, the burden (бремя) of energy
supply will 'continue to fall on the producers of fossil fuels for many
years to come. This applies particularly to the production of solid fuels.

2. As is known, most minerals are mined from surface deposits now.
Even though the mining industry continues the search for low-grade
surface deposits, it is increasingly necessary that the economic
subsurface deposits should be mined. This fact leads to the development
of new methods of prospecting.

3. New techniques have been developed for rapid mapping and
geochemical sampling from light aircraft while in flight. Statistical
studies of regional geochemical sampling aided (помогать) by
computers are being widely adopted. In general, computers play an

Unit 7_________ -______________________________ 183

important role in the quick interpretation of geological problems. Colour photography is also being used as an aid in certain geological work and mining studies.

4. A method of prospecting for mineral, gas, oil, etc. which is based
on a combination of X-rays and ultrasonic transmissions came into use
recently. The method is fully portable and of great value in drilling. In
addition, this method determines the areas of interest during drilling
and gives close grade control during mining operations.

5. At present, the scientists are conducting intensive research aimed
at using geocosmic rays as a means of determining the size of an ore
deposit in the prospecting stage. As is known, until recently scientists
dealt only with the interplanetary functions of cosmic rays. Cosmic rays
coming in from the depths of the Universe are expected to explore near-
earth and interplanetary space.

6. The geocosmic method is based on the fact that when the cosmic
rays get into the atmosphere, the so-called secondary cosmic rays,
muons, appear. These particles are capable of penetrating rather deep
into the Earth's crust. The greatest muon penetration depth registered
today is stated to be about three thousand metres. This fact has suggested
the idea of using the rays in mineral prospecting.

7. Besides, successful development of space research has made it
possible to survey the Earth's resources from space by satellites. The
advantages of the surveys of the Earth's resources by satellites are such
that vast areas such as entire mountain belts and continents can be
mapped synoptically. The greatest potential of surveying the Earth's
resources from space for mineral exploration is based on the ability to
map synoptically the geomorphology and general geological
environment (окружающая среда) of very large areas. The results
obtained provide more accurate and complete information than is
available from conventional (обычный) surveys.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

40. •) В каждом абзаце текста В найдите предложение, передающее его
основную мысль.

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