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steam mixers, atmospheric 622–623
Steam pressure, effect on penetration rate
During pre-steaming 130
Steaming
– acid sulfite pulping process chemistry 428
– effect on air removal 131
– impregnation 405
– kraft cooking pretreatment 129–132
Steel plate conveyor, log handling 98
Steeping, dissolving pulp 1026
Stem section, Lophira alata 58
Stem structure, wood characterization level
Step rotor, cross section 564
Stepwise degradation, effect on molecular
Weight 959
Steric intramolecular interactions, glycone
Steroids, hardwoods 37
Stilbene
– formation and reactions 411
– relative oxygen susceptibility 640
– softwoods 37
– structure 640
Stilbene structures, resistance to chlorine
Dioxide oxidation 749
Stoker discharger, chip storage 104
Stokes–Einstein model, diffusion 147
Stokes’ law 582
Stone groundwood 1087, 1098
– definition 1072
Stones, selective removal 593
Stora processes 465, 472–475
Storage
– recovered paper 1187–1190
– wood yard 69–71
Streams
– around a hydrocyclone 579
– around a screen 563
strength delivery, pulp 256–257
Strength F-value 1104
Strength properties
– CBC pulp 293–295
– MCC® softwood pulp 297
Index
– ozonation effect 841–843
– viscose fibers 1036–1037
Stress-strain characteristics, single pulp
Fibers 1012, 1277
Structural changes, xylan 254
Structural levels, wood characterization 21
B-1 structures, reaction to stilbenes 411
b-O-4-structures 31–32, 183–184, 261–270,
273, 407–413, 475, 638–640, 655, 716, 725
– content in relation to consumed OXE 268
– content in residual lignin 263
– phenolic 309, 858
Substrate radical reactions 793
– ozone 790
Sugar cane bagasse fibers, cell dimensions and
Chemical composition 4
Sugar maple, chemical composition of wood
Sugars
– concentration development in beechwood
Prehydrolysis 339
– dehydration products 420
– ozone decomposition, promotor 789
Sulfamic acid, addition 764
Sulfated ash, inorganic components 1220
Sulfide
– concentration profile 241–244
– sorption in wood 242
Sulfide ions, concentration as function of
Cooking time in RDH process 278
sulfide-lean/rich white liquors, composition
Sulfidity
– in relation to kappa number 355
– influence on pulp yield in standard batch
cooking process 230–233
– kraft cooking active chemicals 114, 116
– white liquors 244
Sulfidolytic cleavage, b-O-4 ether 172
Sulfite, concentration in sulfite cooking
liquor 400–401
sulfite chemical pulping 392–482
– cooking chemicals and equilibria 395–403
– historical development 392–395
– impregnation 403–405
Sulfite chemical recovery 994
Sulfite cooking 957
– carbohydrates acid hydrolysis 416–425
– chemistry 405–427
– condensation 414–415
– extractives reactions 425–427
– lignin reactions 407–416
– one-stage acid cooking parameters 452
– Rauma three-stage 471
Sulfite cooking liquor
– acid 396
– ionic species concentrations 400–401
Sulfite dissolving pulp, beechwood 433
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