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Soap skimming 967
– displacement cooking process step 371
soda-AQ 178, 194–195, 201–202, 211, 321,
– effects on Eucalyptus grandis pulping 325
– see also AQ
Soda boiler 962
Soda pulping process, discovery 6
Sodium
– comparative evaluation of diffusion
coefficients 149–150
– distribution between fiber wall and external
Solution 419
– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models
– sorption as function of pH 520
Sodium-based two-stage sulfite pulping, pHdependency
Of delignification, pulp yield
and acetyl content 473–474
Sodium borohydride
– cellulose protecting additive 819
– decomposition by hydrogen gas 1236
– post-treatment 822–824
– pulp bleaching 1125
Sodium carbonate 987
– conversion 986
Sodium chlorate, reduction 741
Sodium dithionite, commercial grades 1125
Sodium hydroxide 987
– concentration 703
Sodium peroxide, industrial bleaching 849
Sodium silicate stabilization, pulp bleaching
softening, fibers 1080–1083
Softwood fibers
– cell dimensions and chemical
Composition 4
– heterogeneity 123
Softwood kraft pulp
– comparison of different cooking
Conditions 234
– oxygen delignification 713, 723
– selectivity 838
– TCF bleaching with peracetic acid 882
Index
Softwood kraft pulping, interdependence of
Temperature, cooking time and effective
Alkali 251
Softwood PHK, representative dissolving
Pulp 1036
Softwood sawmills, profiling line 88
softwood structure 50–54
Softwood-sulfite dissolving pulp 1036
– R18 content 955
softwood xylan, structural changes 252–256
Softwoods
– accessory compounds 35–37
– annual ring 51
– axial parenchyma 51
– bleaching 882, 1126
– bordered pits 123
– cellulose 22
– chemical composition of wood 23
– chip pile dimensions 99
– chipper canter 88
– defibration conditions 1102
– diterpenes 35
– fats and fatty acids 36
– flavonoids 37
– hemicellulose 22
– lignans 37
– lignin 22
– lignins 33
– macromolecular substances 22
– monoterpenes 35
– oleoresin 35
– penetrability 135
– phenolic compounds 37
– pits 46, 123
– pulp 1010
– pulp bleaching 1126
– rays 51
– resin acids 35–36
– resin canals 52
– resin ducts 51
– resin-rich 465
– sesquiterpenic tropolone derivates 35
– stilbene 37
– tall oil 36
– tracheids 51
– tropolone derivates 35
– waxes 36
– xylan 29, 252–256
Soil-contaminated, waste generation 105
solid-phase NMR spectroscopy 1261–1262
Solid-solid separation, liquid environment
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy 168
Solid waste 1006
– municipal 1181–1182
Solids concentration, thick liquor 974
Solubility
– alkali 1229
– ozone 780–781
– pulp constituents 937
Solubility of oxygen, equilibrium conditions
Solubilization, ozone 802
Soluble fraction, alkali solubility tests 1060
solution viscosity 1248–1251
Solvay process, chlorine dioxide generation
Solvent retention 1268
solvents, cellulose 1240–1241
Sootblowing steam, kraft recovery boiler 985
Sorbed manganese, as function of pH 523
Sorbed sodium, as function of pH 520
sorption, pulp washing theory 519–523
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