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sorting, recovered paper 1187–1190
Southem pine, effect of polysulfide 312
Southern mixed hartwood, pulp yield as
Function of kappa number 230
Southern pine, pulp yield as function of kappa
Number 230
Southern red oak, average moisture content
Specialty papers, utilization rate 1169
Specific consumption, active kraft cooking
Chemicals 221
Specific drainage resistance 515
Specific light absorption coefficient
– residual softwood lignin 266
– unbleached pine 269
Specific surface
– as function of fiber concentration 514
– dry fibers 1267
Specific volume, pulp bleaching 1131
Specific yield loss 949
Spectroscopy
– cellular UV 44
– energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 40
– Fourier transmission infra-red 159
– NMR 31, 168, 173–174, 254
– Raman 117, 178
– solid-phase NMR spectroscopy 1261–1262
– time-of-flight secondary ion mass
Spectroscopy 60
– X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 60
Spent sulfite liquor 448, 962
Spermatophytes, lignin 30
Index 1343
Spinnability, cellulose 1034
Spiral burrs, pulp stone 1094
Spiral thickenings 44
Spruce
– average moisture content 125
– characterization of unbleached kraft pulp in
CBC and conventional cooking 285
– chemical composition 360, 451
– comparison of kraft cooking experiments
With predictions of selected kinetics model
– density and void volume 128
– diffusion coefficient 148–149
– kraft cooking selectivity plot 226, 232, 243
– lignin weight fractions 213
– pH, pulp yield and acetyl content 474
– pulp 109
– selectivity plot for different alkali ratios in
AS/AQ pulping 479
– Sivola process pulp properties 469
– stem section 55
– Visbatch® process conditions 365
– viscosity–H-factor relationship 452
Spruce CBC pulp 285, 292
Spruce sulfite cooks, pulp and spent liquor
Compositions 448
Spruce sulfite pulp, brightness increase 879
Spruce wood, ASAM pulping process 59
SR see Schopper-Riegler method
stabilization, reducing end-groups 657–660
Stabilized end-groups, peeling reactions 662
Stacker reclaimer, boom-type 103
stages, liquor circulation 888–890
Staining methods, fiber identification. 1270
Stalk fibers, cell dimensions and chemical
Composition 4
standard batch cooking process 229–234
– carbohydrate composition of pulp 255
– parameters 234
standard chlorine dioxide bleaching 754–759
Standard grades of recovered paper and board,
European list 1203–1210
Standardized Norden efficiency factor
545–546, 558
Standardized outlet consistency 545
Starch, wood content 30
static mixers, bleaching equipment 621–622
Static ozone bleaching 800
Stationary conveyor systems, log handling
97–98
Staudinger-Mark-Houwink equation
1250–1251
Steam
– generation, kraft recovery boiler 985
– pressurized peroxide bleaching system
Steam consumption, reduced with cold blow
Technology 274
Steam drum, kraft recovery boiler 981
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| SO2 see sulfur dioxide | | | Steam economy, multiple-effect evaporation |