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Size of molecules

Читайте также:
  1. The shape of the dissolved lignin molecules is influenced by the content of residual

No penetration

Unrestricted

Penetration

1___ ___" _"_ _ ______ ______ ___ __ _ _ ___ _______

___ _________ _ __ _______ _ _ ______ ___ ___ ___________ __ _ _____ ___

_______ _ ___ _ _ _ ____ _ _________ __&__ _______ _ ____ __&_

_K___ *_@E__)__ _ ___ ___________ ___ __ __________ __ _____ ________

______ _,_ __ _ ____ __&__ _ _____ ___ _ _ _ _ /_1 ___ _ _______ _ ___

______ ____ ______ _ ____ _ ____ ______ _______ _ ____ _ _ ___ _ ___'

__ _____ _ ___ ________ _ ________ __ _K___ *_@>__

Retention time of

Elution peak

log [η]

1___ ___' _"___ ______ ______ __ _____ __ _ ____ ___:______ ___ ___

_ ________ ____ __________

K _ ___)23 _ ___ ___ ________ _ ________ _ _ _ ______ _____ _ _ _ ____

__ __,__ _ _____ ______ ____ ______ _ ____ __ ___ _____ _____ __ __ __

2__ _@*_;

__ _ _ __"____

_"_______ _ ___ _@*_

_____ _____ L ______ ____ ______ _ ___ _ _ ____ _____ _D /_1 L)_________

____" ________ ___ ____ ______D ________ ___ _____D ___ #_D _ L)_________A

B__,A% ___, ________

_____ _ _____ _____ _______ ___ _______ _ ____ _ _ ______ _ ____ ______

__ ____ _ ______ _ ___ _ ____ __&__ K_____ *_+5 __________ __________ _ _

___ ______ ____ __ ___ ______ _ ____ __&_ __________ __ ____ __ __,__ _

_ ____ ______ __________ __

W(M i)

M

c

Time

W(Mi)

M

=

Elugram

1___ ___3 ___ _______ _ __________ __ ______ ________

G________ _ ___ ___ _____________ ___ _______ _ ____ _ __ ____ _ ___,

________ ______ _ __ __ _____ __________ ____ _________ ____ ______ _ '

___ _ ___ _ ____ _____ _ ____ K___ *_@E__ ___ ____ _____ _ _ ___ ___

__ ________ __ _____,_ __ ________ _ ____ _______

__)9

____

_

___ ___ _____ __ ____ _______ __ ___ __

___

_ _________

_____

___ __ __ _ _________

_____ ___ _____ __ ______ __ ___ _______ _____ ___ _ ______ _______

__ _________ ____ _________ __ ___ __ ___ _________ _____ ___ ______ _____ ______

__ ___ _____ ______ _____ ______ __________ ___ ___ ______ __ _______

____ _ ____ ___ _____ ____ ________ _____ _______ ______ ________ ____

___ _____ ____ ___ ________ __ _____ _______ __ ___ _____ ________

_______ ________ __ ___ __________ _ ____ ____!" ________ #_ ______ ___

___ ___ __ ________ ________ __ __________ __ ____________ ___ ___ ___ ___

___ __ ___ ___ _____ ___ #_ ___________ ______ ___ __ ________ ________

_____ ____ ___ _ ____ _________ __ ___ _______ ___ ___ __________ ____ __ __

__ ______

_____ ___ __ ______ __________ _______ ________ ___ ____ ____ _______

$ _____ ___ ___ ____ ____________ ___ ___________ ________ ____ __ ____ _____

__ _ _______ ____ _________ __ _____ _________ __ %___ &_'_

Fringed micelle crystallite

Crystalline

Domain

Amorphous

Domain

___ ___ ______ _ __ ____ ____ _____ _ ___ ___ _ _________

________ __ ___ (_____ __ _______)____

*_ ______ +,--. /#0(1_2*_ 2____ 3___ 4 *__ 53___ /_______

#)678 9_:,;_9-<<<_9

©2006 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH&Co.

Handbook of Pulp

Edited by Herbert Sixta

___ _____ ___ __ _______ __ __ _____ __________ __ _ _________ ______=

___________ ________ ____ _______ ____ __________ #_ ____ ____ ___ _____

________ ___ ______ ____ ____ _______ ________ __ ____ ____ ____"_

____ _________ ___ __ __ ________ __ _ ______ ____ _____ ____ _ _ _____

_________ ______ __ ______ 0__ _____ __ ______ ___ __ _______ __ _________

_____ _______ __________ ___ ________ ___ ___ _____ ___ ____________ __

%___ &_,_

Density

Crystalline

Amorphous level of differentiaion

___ ___ ___ __ __ ____ _____ _ ___ ___ _ _________

#_ _ ____ ____ _____ _____ __ ______ __ ___ _____ _______ __ _______

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____ ____ ___ _______ __ _____ __ ____ __ _______ _______ __ ______

________ __ __ ____ ____ ______ __ ______ __ ________ ___ ___ _____ ____

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#_ _____ __ _______ ___ _______ ______ __ ________ _______ __ ___ _ ____

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_ _ __ _

__

__ _ __ _'_

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__ ______

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____ _ _________ __ __ _ ______________ __________

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__ _ ____

____ _ ____ _,_

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_____

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C____

DE D______ _ __ _______

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)______ _____ ____ __ ___________ __

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#______ __ ___ _______ ______ __

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E______ =______ E______ ________ _____ F _____ _ I________ __________ __ ____ ____

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____ ____ __ %___ &_&_

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X-ray tube

Sample

Collimating

Device

Counting tube

α

Filter

___ __(____ ______ __ __ ______ ____

Noise

Diffuse scattering

Diffraction peaks

Measured angluar intensity

Ac crystalline area

Aa amorphous area

Scattered intenisty

Scattering angle 2α

___ ___ ____ ______ ___ _ __ ____ ____ _____ _ _____

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_____ __ ______8

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, ___ _ _&_

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____ ____ __ ____@______ ___ _______ ____ 7DE _______ _____ __ ___ 7DE

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H-NMR solid phase spectra

Signals of mobile

OH-groups

Amorhous phase

Ac crystalline area

Aa amorphous area

Absorption

Magnetic field shift

Signals of bridging

OH-groups

Crystalline phase

___ ___ _!_" _________ ____ ___ _ __ ____ ____ _____

_ ____ __ _____ # _______

__&_

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_____ _

__

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G__ ____ ___ ___ ________ _______ ____=___ ____ ___ _______ __ ________

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___ ___ ______ __ __________ __ _______ ____ _______ =______ __ _________ __

%___ &_._ _____ ______ ______ _ _____ _____ 1__ _ ____ ____ _______ __ ___

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_____ __ ___ _______ _____

reaction yield Y/%

Reaction time

100 %

Purely crystalline

Purely

Amorphous

Ycr

CIr = 100 - Ycr

Sample

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______ __

_ (_______ ___ _________ ___ ___________ ___ ___________>I

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%___ &_<"_

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__&(

_ _________ __ __ _ ______________ __________

DPn

Time of hydrolysis

Amorphos domains

Fast reaction

Crystallites

Slow reaction

Level-off DP

___ ___ %_ _____ __ _ __)______%*+ __ _____ __ _ __)____ ____ ___ _ ____ __

X-ray source

Collimator

Capillary

Containing

Unidirectional

Fibers

Photo-sensitive

Plane

___ ___ ___ ___ _____ _ __ ___ ____ __ __ ________ ____ _____ _______

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#__________ _________ ___ __________ __ ___ _________ __ __ ______ ____

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__&_

___ ______ _ _ ___ __ ___ ___ _____

Equator

Fiber

Axis

Orientation of

Crystallite chains

Length of

Crystallites

Width of

Crystallites

Long period

Reflections

___ __%,)__ __ _ ______ ___ _ _____ ____ ______

____$

+ _______ __ _ _________

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,_______-._!_- __! /_ __

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__&_

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Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose

(polarity H-bridging complexing)

Increasing hydrodynamic size

Of solute (or probe) molecule size

Surface of fiber

Surface of fibrils

Amorphous domains

Crystalline domains

Open pores

And crevices

Decreasing

Size

___ ___' -__________ _ _ ________ ______ _ _ _____ ______

__.___ ________ _ __)__ _

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_____

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__&&

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_______ - &../ '01_2_3_* 3____ 4_ * 5 ___ 64_7_ '_______

0+89_:_!&;_:.<<<_:

©2006 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH&Co.

Handbook of Pulp

Edited by Herbert Sixta

____ ___ _ _____ __ _ _ ____ __ ____ ____ __ ___ ___ __ ___

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Sulphite pulp wood fiber of beech

Vessel cell of beech

Section of springwood spruce tracheid

Kraft pulp fibers of spruce

Section of summerwood fir fiber

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Читайте в этой же книге: The pulp is dewatered to a high consistency, and excess liquor from the main | Chemical pulps, in relation to various yields. | Makes their use economically viable. | Leipzig, 1982. | Pulp in pressure screening | Country Year | Mechanical | Edited by Herbert Sixta | Handbook of Pulp | Composition |
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Glucoronic acid| Contour length

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