Glucoronic acid

Mannuronic acid Alluronic acid Altruronic acid

CHO

HO H

HO H

H OH

H OH

COOH

Quot;_ __ ______ _ _ _________ ____

__)

1____ ___ 5_ __

__#__

____ _._ 1____ __

3___ __ __ ____ ___ __,__ _ _______ _____ ___ __ _____ _____ _ _ _____'

_____ _______ ___ _________ _ ___ ___ _______ _____ 3 __________ _____ __ ___

___ ________ _ __ ____ _____ _ _ _________ _ ___ __ ____ _ ___ _ _____'

_____ __ _____ ___ __ _ _____ __ ______)__ __ ___ ___ _________ ____ __'

_____ __ _______ __ ______: _____ ___ ________ _ _ ___ __ __ ___ __

____ __ _ ____ ______ ___ _____ _ __ ____ __ ___ __ $_ -._ ___

_____ _______ ___ ____ _:B$_ ___ _ _ __________ _________ _ ____ ______

____________ _______

____

___ _________ ____

3_____ ____ __ _ ___________ _ ___ ______ _____ __ _ _ ___ _ ___

__ ___ _ ___ __ __ ____ (_ ___ __ __ ___ ___ __ ______ __ __ ____ __ __

________ _ ___ ___ _ ___ __ _,__ __________ (_______ ___ __ "___&__ _

___ _____ _____ ____ ___ _ ___ ________ ___,__ ___ ___ __ ______ _ _ '

_ __ (_________ ______ _______ ____ _ _____ _ __ ___ _ _____ _ _)____

_____ _)____ *_@__

O

R

(H,R)

RNH2 N

R

(H,R)

+ R

Carbonyl Schiff base

-H2O

-_!__ ___ _____ __ _ ___ ______

_____ _____ ____ ______ _____ ___ ___ 3LC _ ___ "_ _ __ _ _ _____ _'

_ ___ ___ __ ____ ____ ___ _____ _______ _)____ *_+__ ____ _ ____ __ ___'

___ _ ___ __ __ _____

O

O

RNH2 N

O

+ R

Lactone Schiff base

-H2O

-_!__ ___ $___ __ _ ___ ____ % _ ____ & _ __ _________ __ __ _ __________ ____ __'_

_____ _____ __ __ ___ ___ ______ ____ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___'

__ _ ___ _ _ __ _____________ _ ____ ____ ___ ___ __ __ __ _______ ____ &__

______ _ ___ _ _ ___ ___ __ __ _____ ___ __ _______ __ ____ _____ /6+1_

3 ______ __ ____ __ _ ___________ _ ___ ___ ____'_______ "____ ___ __'

_ _______ ____ ___

__#____ _ ____ ____ _9_(9)

___ ____ ______ __ _ ______ _______ _ _ ________&___ ___ _______ __ ___'

____ _ _ ________ _ ____ __ _____ _ ___ __ _______ _____ ___ _____ _ _

_"_______ ____ _ __________ ___ ________ ____ _____ _ __ "_____ __ ___

______ _ _______ _____ __ _________) _ _____ ___ __ _ ___ ___ __ ___

_______ __ ____ ______ __ __ __ ___ _______ __ G_ /661_

___ ____ ______ __ _______ __ ___ ______ _ _____ _ _____ ____ ___

3_+C_ ________ __ _ ___ ______ _ _ 3_)C0 __ @55 _ _ ___ _ _____ _______

___ __ _"_ ___ _ _ _ 3__ _ _ ___ _ __ __ _,____'________ _______ ___ 3_+C

_________ __ ___ ____ __ ___ _____ _______D _____ _______ ___ _______ ___ 3_+C

__ ____ ___ __ _ ___"___ _____ ___ ________ _____ _ _______ _____________

___)

_ ________ ____ __________

__#____ -,_: _!.,__,_ ___!,

:__%0 ______ ___ __ _ ____ "_ __ ____ _ _____ _)____ *_*_ K _ ___

_____ __ __ _"___ _ ___ _______ _____ __ _____

O

R

(H,R)

CH

R

(H,R)

+ 8NaBH4 + 18H2O 32 OH + 2Na2B4O7 + 4NaOH

-_!__ ___ $____ __ _ ________ ______ __ _____ __________ ()*+),-_

) ____ _ _ ________ ____ __ _ _ ______ __ _____ _ ____ ___ __ __ ____

__ ___________ __ __ ___ _ ____ ___ ___ __ ______ ___ _)____ *_0__

2NaBH4 8H2 2B(OH)3 Na2SO4 H2SO4 + 6H + 2+ O +

-_!__ ___._______ __ _ _ ____ _____ __________ _ ________ ____

___ __ ___ _ ____ ___ __ ____ __ ____ ________ _ _________

__#____ 4.,__;___ ___!, _9'

____ ___ __ _________ __ _ _ ___ _ ________ _____&____ ___ ___ __ __ ___

_ __ _____& ___ _ _____ _)____ *_<_

O

R

(H,R)

H2N NH2 N

R

(H,R)

NH2

Buffer

H2SO4

+

-_!__ __) _____ __ ___ ________ __ _ _____"_____

(____ _____ _ ____ _____&___ ___ ________ ___ __ __ _____& __ __ ____ ___

__ ______ ___ ___ ___ ________ _____&___ __ __________ __________

__#____ <___ ___!, _9_

(_ ________ ____ "_ _____ ____ _ ____ __ ____ ____ _____ _ _____ _

)____ *_6_

O

R

(H,R)

NH2OH.HCl N

R

(H,R)

+ OH

Carbonyl Oxime

+H2O +HCl

-_!__ __9 / __ ____ __ _ ________ _______

___9

___ _________ ____

___ ________ _ _ ___ __ __ ___ __ __ _____ __ _ ___ __ ___ _

____ _ __ ___ __________ _ __ ___________ ___ _____ _ ____ ___ __ ___

_ ______ ____

__#___# 5____,/% ___!, __3

Amp;____ ____ _____ ____ ___ __ __ ___ _

____ ___ ___ __ __ ____ ___ ______ _ __________ _ _____ ___ _ ___ ______

_ ___ ____ _ __ ______ __________ __ ___ ____ ___ _____ _ ___ __ ___ _

__ ___ ___ ____ _ _ ____ ____ ___ _"____ _ ____ __ ________ __________

__#___) _.__!.,___ ___!,

%___ ___ ______ __ _____ _____ _ ___ __ __ ___ _ _ __ ___ _______

_)____ *_=__

O

R

(H,R)

HCN

R OH

(H,R)

+

Carbonyl

Cyano hydrin

C N

-_!__ ___ _____ __ _ __________ (*_-_

___ ______ _ __________ _ _ ___ __ ___ __ __________ ___ ___ ____ ___ _'

_____

__#___* 1_ _______ _.___

$M_____ __ __ /=+1 ________ _ _____ ________ ____ _ _ ____&___ ___ ____

_____ _ _______ __ ______ __ ____ ____& _'>'___ "__ ___ /+'_+'___'

_ "_'___ "__'___ "_1'_____ _33C(__ ___ ________ ___ _____ _ _ ____ __

__ __ __)____ *_E_

(_ ____ _______ ______ __ __ _____ __ _______________'______ _ ____

_GB(F__3_ _ _____ ___ _____ __ __ ___ __ ____ ___ ___ ____________ __

_ ___ __ -____ __'________ _ __ ___ ______ _8_3_ _________ ____ _ __

)(_)' ____ ____ ____ __________ ___ __ ______ ______ __ ___ _____ _

_________ _ ____ ______ __________ _ __ __ _______ ____ ___ ___ __ _'

____ _ ___ _________ _ ____ ______ _____ ___

____

_ ________ ____ __________

O

R

(H,R)

+

Carbonyl

H2N

O

Rf

N

R

(H,R)

O Rf

O-substituted oxime

- H2O

N

O

O

O

O

NH2

Rf

Spacer

Florophore

-_!__ __" _ ____ _ _________ ____ __ _________ ____ __ ___+ __/0_

__#__

____ _._ 1____ __

3___ "_ __ ___ ___ _______ _______ _ _ __ _"____ __ _ _ ____ ___ ___ __ ___

__ _ ___ __ ___ ___ _______ (_____ __ ___ __ _________ __ "_____ _ _____ __

______ _______ ______ ___ ___ _______ _ ___ "__ __ ___ __ ___ ____ ___'

_ _ _ _ ___ ___ __ ______ _____ _ ____ _____ __ ___ __ ____ _ _______ _

___ ______ ___ _ _ ____,_ _ ____

Quot;__ _____ __ _ ___ __ ___ ___ __ _ ___ _ ____ __ ____ _

___ ___ __ __________ ______ _____ _ _'_"_____ _____ __ ____

)____ *_>__

R

O

OH

+ K+A- R

O

OK

+ H2O + H3O+ + A-

-_!__ __'!__ _ ______ ____ __ _ _____ ___ ___ ____

___ ____ ____ #N ____ __ _ _ ___ ____ ________ _ ___ "__ __ ___ ____ _

___ _____'_ _ (A_ ___ ________ _ _ ___ "__ __ ___ ___ ____ __ _____'

_____ __ ___ _______ __ _______ _ __ _______ _ _ ___ ____ ____ _______ #N_

(_ __ ___ _______ _ ____ __ _______ _ _ ___________ ___ "_ __ ___ ____

____ *_@__ ___ __ __ ____ __ _________&__ _ _,_ ____:_%3C*_ (_ _'

_"_____ ____ __ __ __ _____ ___ __ ____ _____ ___ ___ __ ____ ____ __

_______ __ _______ ____ ________ ___ ________ ___ "_ ______

___"

__! "_ __ _____ __#_____ $___ ____ __%

6___ ___ 1_ ____ __ __ __ _____ __ _ _____ ___ _______

_______ %________ _ ________ _________$_&

3__3%*3CC_+ (_____ =*

3__3%*3CC_+ =0

O__3%*3CC_+ O__3%*3CC_+ =<

:_3 N:_%3C*:_%3C*' _______ _ =6_==

:_3 N:_C%:_C%' _______ _ =E __ _____ ________

=> _ ____ ________

3_____ __ __ G__' _______ _ E5

B_______ ___ G__' _______ _ E@

__9

______ _ % _.___;___ _ $_ ______ ____&

B___ ___ _ __ __ _______ _ ___ _ ____ __ ____ ______ ______ _

___ ____ _____ _ ___ _ _____ _______ ___ G_ _ _ ____ ____ _ ___ _ '

_____ _ __ __ __ _____ ___ G_ __ ________ _ _ _______ ___ ______ ____'

___ ___ ____ ________ ______,___ ___ ________ (__ _ _____ _______

______ _ ____ _ _________ _____ ____ __ ___________ __ _ __________ _ ___'

__ __ __ __ __ __ K___ *_6_

___ G_ __ ________ __ _ _____ _ ______ __ _ __ ____ ___ ___ "_______ _____'

____ _ ____)___ _.'0_6_0__ _ __ ___ _______ __&_ _ ___ _ ____ __ __ __ ___

_______ __ ___ _ ____ ____ ___ ___ _ _____ ____ _ _______ _ _______

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,2

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

Wi

i

i

W di

Degree of polymerization

Molecular mass

Number

Average

Weight

Average

Differential

Distribution

Integral

Distribution

1___ __9._ ___ __ ___ __ _ _________ ____ &_____ ______ _ _______"_ __'_

___'

___3 _ ________ ____ __________

_ ______ __ ________ ____ ___ _____ _ __ _______ __ _ _________ _____ _____'

_ __ _______ __ _ ___ __ B __ ____ __ ____ __ _______ ____ _ _ ___ _ ____

_____ ___ ____ __ ___ __ _______ ____ __ ____ ___ _____ _ __ __ ___ ______ _

___ __________ _ _____ __

__)__

- _2____ _ _ _____ __

_ ____ _ _________ ___ __&__ _ _____ ___ _ _____ _____ ____ _____ __ ___'

_ ____ 3__ __ ___ __ ____ ___ __ _____ ____ __ _ ______ _ ___ __ _ ___'

_&__ __ _ ___ _____ _ _____ __ ________&___ __ _ _ _"____ ______ _____ _ _

__ __ ________ _ _______ _______ _ _____ _ ____ ____ ___________ _ ______'

____ _________________

(______ _ ___ _ __ __ _ ____ __ _ _____ _ _ __ __ __ _________ __

____ *_+_ __ __ _ _____ ____ _____ ____ _ __ _ __ ____ ___"__ _______

__ __ ___ _ _______ __ ____ 3 ___ _____ _________ _ ______ __ _ _______

__ ___ _ ___ __ _ __ __ _ ____ ___ ___ _________ _ _______ ____ ___

______ H____ ___I __ __________ _ ____ ______ ____ __ _________ (_

_____ _ _____ ___ _,____ ___ ___ _ _ __ _ ___ _____ ____ ___ _________ _

_ ___ ____ ___ ___ ________)__ _________ _ __ _ __ ______ ____ _____ ___ __'

_ __ _____ __ _______ __ ___ ___ ________ _ _ __ ____ __ __ __ _ ______ __

___ _______ _ "_____ _ _____ ____________ ___ ____ _ _______ _"___ _____'

____ __ ___ ___ ___ __ __ __ _______ _ _ _"____ _____ _ _ _______ _________

___ __ ____ ____ ___ __ __ _______ __ _ ___"___ _ _____

6___ ___ 02_____ ______ _ __ __ _________ %___ __ _____ __ _ __________

*__ _. _ _ ____ _ ____+_

CP(B

_)____&__Q_

________

3 ____ "___'___ ___ G___ ___ _D ____ ___ _ __________

____ _&_ ______ ____ __ ______ _ "____D

_______ ______ _ _ ___________ __ __

__ ____ _

3-2:2

_32G_

D _____ ___ ___ _______

___ _____&___ _

3(GCP2:

_3(GCP__

Quot;___ __ _______

_______

2___ ______ ___ _______ ________

D __ _ ____ ____ _____ _ _____

__'_ ___ _

GB(F__3 G______________'______

_ ____

B _____ ____ ____ __ ____ _ ____

________ __ __ _ ___ __

:B:C _'_ ___ ___ _' "___

_______

__! "_ __ _____ __#_____ $___ ____ __%

__)____ _8<=*_

_____'_____' _____ _'____ "____ /3__:%*_01_C%_+_*%+C _)____&__Q_ _________

__ ________ __ ____ ____ ____ _ ____ __ +5? ___ ___ ___ "___&___ ___ _'

___ ________ ___ _ ____ __ ___ "___ __ _________ (___________ ______ ______'

_____ 3_C __ ____ ___ __ +5? ___ ___ /E+1_ 3___ ________ ___ ____ ___ _____

___ _ _____ _ _ _ 3__ _________ ' ___"_ ____ _ ____ __ _ _______ ____ _

_________ ___ G_ _ __ ___ (________ ____ _ ___ ____ _ _______ __ O_'

______ /E*1_

__)____ _8__ _"_

___ ____ H___I __ ____ __ _ __ ______ _____ _ _ ____'_______'_______'_ _'

__ _ _3G2__ _ _______ ___ _ _ ___ __ 3__C%_+ __ ___________ __ _ _ ____ __'

____ _ ___ _ __ ___ ___ ___:_C%_ ___ ___ ____ ____ "___ __ ____ ___ __

_______ ________

__)____ >_ _ -,_ 6_______ $_?__& _")

(_ _,____ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ ____ ________ ___" __ ________ __ ______

K_3*_6%+C _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ____ ________ ___ ______:_C% ___ _ ___ ____'

____ _ _ ____ _ _ ______&___ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ /E61_

__)__

__2____ *2_____ @____ _ _ ______ ____ __, >_,__ _ _ ____ ___.

(____ __ ____ _ _ _ _____ ____ ___ _____ __ ____ __ __ _______ ______ _

___ _ ____ ____ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ __ __ _"_____ ____ _ __ _ _____'

____ ____ _ __ __ ________ ____ __ ______ __ ________ ___ ___ _ ___

_______ _ _ _ ____ __ _____ _______ % ______ _ __ ____ __ ___ _ _ ______

_________ _ ___ ______ _ _ ____ __ ___ _____ ______ ____ __ ___ _ _ ___ _

H ___I__ K _ _"_____ ____ _________ __ _ _____ ___ _ ___ __ _________

__ _ ____ _ ___Q_ _ ____ _____ 3 __________ ____ ____ _ _ __ _ _ ___ ___

______ H______I ___ _ _____ ___ __ _____ _ ____ ____ _____ _ ___ _________

______ _ ___ ____ __ ______ _____ __ /______ ________ __ _______ __ 2__ _@_1_

__ _ _

_

_+

_

_ _

__

_ _

_

___

_ _

__

_@_

__ _

__

_

_

__

_____ __ L _______ ______ ____ _H______ _______I_ ___ __ L ______ _ ___ _'___'

__ __

____

_ ________ ____ __________

C____ _______ ____ __ ___ _________ _ _ ____ _______ __ _______ _ _ _____

____ ___ __ _ __ ___ ______ _ ___ _ ____ ______ ____ ____ *_*__

6___ ___.____ ____ ______ _ _________ ____ ___ ______ _

_______"_ __ &.3'+ __ ____ __ _____ __ _____

6.__ _

___

?___!___

____ _

*2_____ ______ A___!_ *2_____ _% *___._____ __!,

8_____

_ ____

_ __ _ ______@

_

_____

_ _ _____

_

______@

_

_ _ ___ __@

_

___ _

_

:_____

_______

______

5 __ _ _____

___

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___

2__'__ __

___________ _

C__ ___

______

_______

@ __ _ ____+

_

_____ _ _____

___

_ _ ___ +

_

___ _

_____ _________

)__________ _

__________

_______________

&'_______ + __ _ ____*

_

____+

_ _ ____+

_

_____

_ _ ___ *

_

___ +

_

)__________ _

__ ___ _______'

________

_'_______ (__ _ ______@

_

_____

_

_ _____

_

______@

_

_ _ ___ __@

_

___ _

_

G______ _

.__ ____

_______

_ ________

__ _ ______@

_

_____ _ _

@

_

_ _ ___ __@

_

___ _ _ _

@

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.__ ____

_ _ _________ ______ ___ _________ _____ _ ________ ______ __________

%_____' ____ ________ ____ _____ _____ ____ ___' ____ ________ _B_N@R B___

(_____ ____ __________ _ ___________ __ ___ _ _____ _____'____"_ __ ____

__ &__ _ _ _ _ ________ ______ ___ ________ ____ _________ _ ___________

/2__ _+_1;

_ _

__

__ _ @ _+_

____

__! "_ __ _____ __#_____ $___ ____ __%

__)__

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B___ __ _______ _ _ _ ___ _ ________ ___ _ ____ ______ _ _ __ _ ___

____ ________ _ _ _ ___ ___ __ _ ___ __&_ _ ___ ____ ___ ________ _ _

_____ _ ____ _______ ___ ______ __ _____ 2_______ __ _______ __ 2__ _*__ __ _

_____ _ _ _ ____ _____ __ ___ ____' ________ __ _;

_________ _

_ _ ________

_ _ ________ _ _ _____

__

__5

_________ _ _ ___

_*_

__ _________ ______ _ ___ __ _ _________ ________ __ ___ _"____ _____

___ ______ __ _______ _______ _ &__ ________ __ _ ____ __ _______ ____ __

__ _"____ _______ _ _ ____ ____ _ ___ _ ____ ___ ____ ____ __ ____ _ _

_ ____ ____ ___________ _ ___ _____ __ ____ *_0_

6___ ___ ______ _ __ ____ _ __ _____ _________ _____

___!, ___ ___D

______2_

-_______ __ ____. _____,

C__ ___ _ C__ __ ________

_____ _________

)__'____ P'___ _________

)__'____ _____ _ _________

_ ______ ________ __ ___ ______ _ _ __ _______

____ _ ____

-____________ _)__________ _ ______ ___ _______ _ _______

3 ________ _ ________ _ ______ ___ ______

G______ _ _ G______ _ ______

)_&_'_"___ _ __ ___ ______

___'________ _ __ ___ _______

_ $______ _ ____ __ _ _________ __

.__ ____ _.__ ____ ______ __ &__ ______

__)____ <_ ___

___ __ __ ________ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _______ _ _ ____ ____ _ ___ ___'

_____ _ _ /2__ _0_1;

_

_ _

@

__ _ _+_ _ _*_+ _ ___ _0_

____

_ ________ ____ __________

_____ (+D (* L __ __ ___ _____ _____ ________ _ __ __ ________ ___

B_L _ ____ ____ _ _ ___ _______ _________

___ __ __ ________ __ ________ __ _ ___ __ _ _ ____ _____ _ ____ _ '

____'______ __ ____ ________ ____ _____ _____ ___________ ____ __ ____

_______ B __ ____ __ ____ __ __________ ____ _____ ___ _ _ _ ____'______

__ ____ ______ _____ _______ ____ _____ ____ ____ __ ____ __ _____ ____ _ _

____ __ __ __ _ ___ ___ ___ _________ __ _____ __ _ ____ __

______ _ __ __ ___________ __ _____ _ ______

___ _ ____ ____ __ _______ __ _ ___ ______ __ __ _________ ____ __

____ __ _ ______ ____ ______ __ ____ __ ________ _ 5_ _______ __ ___ _"'

____ ___ _ _ _____ _______ __ ______ ________ ___ ________ _ _____ _

)____ *_@*_ _ _________ __ __ __ __ K___ *_=_

Mn

c [g/cm3]

Π /c [mol/g]

A2

C1 c2 c3 c4 c5

1___ ___ 4_____ __ _ __________ _ _ ____ _ _________

0 5 ______ ____ ______ __+ __+ __+ _ __ 5 ______ __ ____

Δp

Quot; ___ _______ _ __ ______ ____ _ ________ __

________ ______ ___ __ 5 ________ _______ &5 ____ _

________'_

____

__! "_ __ _____ __#_____ $___ ____ __%

C__ __ ________ ___ __ ________ ______ __ _____ _ ____'________ ___'

______ ____ _________ __ __!____ _______ ________ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ '

_____ ___________ (_ ___ _ ____ _ ____ _______ ___ ___ ___ _________ ___

________ __ ___ _ ____ ______ _________ ___ _________ __ ________ _______

___ __ _______ _____ ___ _ ___ __ __ _________ ___ _________ _ _ __

_________ _ _ _________ __ __ ________ __ __ __ _________ __ K___ *_E_

_ _____ ____ ___ ____ _______ __ __ ___ _____ __________ __ _ ________

_ ____ ' __ __ _______

(___________ ___ __ __ ________ ___ __ __________ ________ __ ___ _____

_ ___ _ _________ ___ ________ _ _ ___ _ _________ __ __ _ _ ___ _ _____ __ _ _'

__ __ _ ___ __ __ _________ _ /2__ _<_1;

_ _ ___________ _ _________ _<_

: _____ ___ _________ __ ___ _ ________ __ __________ __ __ _______ ____ __

___ __ ________ ________ _ ___ ___________ __!________.___ ___ ______'

____ ___ _______ _ ________ _ ____ ____ _ __ _________ _ _ ________ _ _ _'

___ _______ ___ __ _ _ _______ _ _ ______ _ __ ______ ________ __ ___

__)____ -_________ ___!,_

)________ ____ __ _________ ___ _______ __ ____ __ ________ ________ __ ___

____ ___ ___ _ _____ ___ _ ___ _ _______ _ ___ __ ______ ____ __ _ _

_____ P'_____ _ _________ _____ __ __ _ _ _____ ____ __ ___ _ __ ________

__ __ _____ ____ __ ____ ______ _____ %____ __ __ _ _ _____ _ _____ _ ___ '

___ _ _____ __ 3_' ___ K_' ________ ___"__D __________ __ __ __ _ _'

___ ________&__ ___ ____ ___ __ __ _____ _ ____ _ _ ____________ ___ ___'

______ ___________ ___ __________ ___ _____________

Sample

Polarizer detector

Laser

Light trap

Θ

1___ __' 3______ _ ________ __ ______ ___ ____ ___ &_______ __ __ __ _____'_

._____ ____ _________ __ ________ __ __ _________ _ _____ _ K___ *_>_ ___

_____'_ ___ _ ____ __ ____ _ ____ _______ _____ ___ _ _____ _____&__ ____ _

___)

_ ________ ____ __________

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____ K _ ____ ____ __ ____ __ ___ ___ _____ ____'____ ______ _ ___________ _

___ _ _ ____________ _____ _____

___ _______ _ ___&__ _______ ____ __ ________ __ ___ ___ _ ____ __ _ '

___ __ ___ ________ ____ __ _______ __ _ __ _ ______ ____ ______ ___ _____

__ _ _ __& ___ _____ ___ _______ ____ _________ __ __ ____ __ _ _____ _ _ ___

_________ _____ __ (___________ _ ______ _ __"__ _____ __ ___ ________ ___

_____ ___ ____ __ ____ __ _________ ______

___ _______ _________ _ ____ ________ __ _ ______ _________ ______ _

_$_ L ________F ________ _______ _;

_ ___ ________ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___D

_ ___ _________ __ ____" _ _______ _ _______ _ ___ ___ _ _____

_____ ___ ____" _ _______ _ ________ ___F L ___ ___ _ A __ _____F_D

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_ ___ _________ ____ ____

___ ______ _________ _ _________ _________ ______ ___ ________ _ _ ____

_________ __ _____'________ ____________ K _ _______ _______ __ __&_ _ ___

_________ _ _____ _________ _________ _______ _ ___ _________ ____ _ _____

_ _ _ ____ _______ __ 8______ /2__ _6_1;

__ _ ___5____+ ___+_

+

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______ ___ ________ _____

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____ _ __ __ ________ /___ 2__ _0_1_

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_____ (+D (* L __ __ ___ _____ _____ ________ _ __ __ ________D

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__ _______ 2___ _6_ ___ _=__ ___ ________ ____ ___ __ _"____ ____ _ &__ _'

_______ __ __ __ __ _ &__ ______ _________ _____ ____ __ _ ____ _ __ __

_____ _ _ '___ O___'_ _ ____ K___ *_@5__ ____ __ _ __ '_______ __ __!___ _

_ ___ _____'_______ __ _____ _ $ L ________ ___ O___' ______ O ___ __ _ '

___ ___________ _ ____ _ __'___ ___ ____ __ _____ ________ _ ____'____ ____

___ _______ _ ____ _ _ _ ______

___ _________ ________ ____ __ ________ _________ __ _____ _ ___________

______ ______

K_ _ ___ O___ _____ _____ ______ __________ __ __ _______;

_ B ____ ____ _______ ________ B_

_ $_____ _ ______ _ _&'________)&

_)_ __ _____ ________ _ __ __ ________ (+

C1

C2

C3

C4 c5

C0

Θ= 15.

Θ= 45.

Θ= 45.

Θ= 90.

Θ= 120.

Θ= 135.

Θ= 0.

A2

S

v

K c

R

Z c sin

Θ

1/M ⋅ + w

1___ ___3 6!11____ __ __ ______ __ _ ___ ____ ____ __ __

_ _____ ___ _____'_ ____ __ _______ __ ___ _ ___ __ ___ _________ __ _

_____ __ ____ _____ _ ____ _____ _"____ ___ _ __ _ _ _ ______ _ ____ ____ _ ___'

__ _________ ____ _______ ___ ____

___ ____'_________ ____ _ __ ______ ____ ___ ___ __ _____ __ ___ ___ ____ _ _

_ ____ ____ ___ _______ ______ ___ _____ _ __ __ ___ _____ _ _ ___ _ ______

_ _"_____ __ _____ ______ _ ___ _ __________ (____'_________ _________

___ __ __ ____ __ _ ________ _____ _ _ __&_'_"___ _ __ ___ ______ ____)_'

__ _ *_6_<_+_

____

_ ________ ____ __________

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@___ ___. __________

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_ _____ ___ _______ ___ _ ___ __ _ _____ ____ _____ ______ ______ _

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Дата добавления: 2015-10-21