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Structure
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©2006 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH&Co.
Handbook of Pulp
Edited by Herbert Sixta
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©2006 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH&Co.
Handbook of Pulp
Edited by Herbert Sixta
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_______ __ ___ __ ___ ___ __ _ _ ____ ______ __ @55 _ _ _ ___ ____ ___
_______ _ _ _ ____ ___ ______ _ +5'___ _"_ ____ ____ _ __ ________ _ _'
_______ ___ ___ $ _ ______ __ _______
_____
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___ _ ____ ______ __ _______ __ ___ __ ___ _ _ ____ ___ __ ______ __
@55 _ _ ___ _ _ _ ___ _______ ___ ___________ _ __ ______ _ ____ _ ___ $ _
_______ ___ _______ __ _______ ___ _ ___ _____ __ _"_ ___ _ _ @< ___ _ _ ____
____ ____ __ _________ __ _________ ___ _ ____ _ ___ __ ___ ________
__ ___ _ _ ____ ___ __ __________ _ _ ________ ___ _ ____ ______ ___
__ __ ____ _ _ ____'_____ ___ ____'____ _____ ____ ___ ___ __ ___ _____
____ __ _____ __,____'_______
_____
#____ ____ $%__________ ____& __'()_
)___ ___ _______ _ ___ _____ __ __ _ _ ______ ___ _ ____ _ _ ____ ___ $ _
______ ___ __ __ ___ __ _ _______ _ ___________ _ ___ __ _____ __________
___________ __ ___ #____ _______ ___ _____ __ _______ __ ___ _ ___ ___ ___ _
5_5+ B _ _______ ____________ _ ___ _ ______ __ @ _ _ ___ _ _ _ ___
______ _______
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#B_C0 _____ ____________ ____ _ _ _______ ___ _"______ ____ ______
____ ____ _____ _ _____ ___ __________ ___ ________ ___ __ "___&__D ___'
_______ ___ ____ _ ________ ____ ___ _____ _ _____ __ ___ __________ ____
________
___ _____ _ __ ______ __ _____ ________ _____ __ __ ______ ____ ___ __
______ _ @5'___ _____ _ _____ ___ __ ___ _ _______ ____ __ __ _____ __
_"___ _ ____ "______ ___ ____ __ ___ _ ____________ __ ______ __ ___
_____ _D ____ ________ __ __ __ __________ __ _ ________
___ _________&__ ____ _ ______ __ _ ____ ______ ___,____'______ _____
_ < _ @55_ ___ ___ __ ___ __ __ _______ _ ___ ___ _____ ______ _ ___ __
______ _____ _____
___
*_+___ __________ __, - ______.
___ _ ____ __ _____ _ ___ ___ __ _______ _ ___ __ ____ __ _,___
_____ _ ______ _________ ______ _ ___ _,__ ________ __ C_ _____ _ ____
_ __! _ ____ _ ___ _,__'_ ___ __ _____ __ ___ ___ ______ ___ _,____
______ _ ______ ___ ________ C__ ____ ____ _ _______ ____ __ __ _ ___
__ ______ _,__ ________ _ ______ @5A@E?:_C%_ ___ __ ___ _ ___ __ ____
____ _______ ______ _____ _ _ __' _ ___' "___&__ _ _ ___ ___ ___ ___
________ ___F _ "___&__ __ ___ _____ __ _____ ____ _ ___ __ _______ _
___ _______ _ __ _______ _ ___ ____ _ _,__ _ ______ __ __ ___ _____ _______
_ ______ _________ % ______ ____ ______ __ _____ _ ___ _________ ___ __ ___'
__ __ _ _ _______ ______ _____ C________ ____ ____ _ ______ _ _______
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*_+___/- ____ _ _ _____
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___ ___ ___ _________ _______ _,__ _________ ________ ____ _ ______ G__
_____
_/0 _/0 __, _/_____ __ _)_
_____ ____ $ __ ___ _____ /<01 ____ ___ ____ _'__ __ _ _______ ___ _____
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___ _ ___ __ ____ __ __ ___________ __ _________ _ ____ ______ _'__ ___
___ ___ _________ ________ _'__ ___ 3_______ H____I __ __ __ ___
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___ ___ _______ __ @=_<?:_C% __ _ _ ____________ __ _____ ____ __________
___ ______ _ _____ ___ _________ ___'
_ _ ____'______ ________ __ __ __ __ ____ ___ _ _ __ _"_____ J____
____________ __ __ __ _ __ _ ___ __ ___ _________:_C%_ ____ _,__ _
@5?:_C% _____ _ __ _________ ___ ____ _ _ _ ____ ___"_____ ______ _ __ ____
__ __ ____ ____ __ _ __ ________ _ _ ____ "______ @5? /<<1_ _______ __
________ __ __ __ @5A@<?:_'__ __ __ _ _____ ____ __ _ ______ _____
__ ____ (______ __ ___ _______ _ ______ ____:_'__ __ __ ______
____ ______ __ ___ _ ______ __ ________ ____ _____ ___ ____ _ ___ ___'_ ___
_,__ __ __ __ ____ ___ _____ _______ _____ __ ___ _____ _ _ ___ _______'
____ _ _ ____'__ ___ ___ ___ _____ __ _ _________ ____ __ ___ __ ___'
_____
___ _,__'_ ___ ___ _________ ____ ______ ______ __ __ _ ____ ______
___ ____ _ ___ __ ______ ____ _____ _ __ ___ _____'__ ___ ___ __ __ __
__________ __ _______&___ ___ _,__ _"____ _____ ____ ____ ___ ________ ____
__ ___ ___ _____ ______ _____ ___ __ ______ ____'__ ___ (_ _______ _
___ _____ ____ _ _ ___ __ _____ _ _____ _ _,__ _ ______ __ __ _____ __
K___ *_@_
Pulp
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Insoluble
Beta
Cellulose
Gamma
Cellulose
Soluble
Insoluble
Alpha
Cellulose
S 18 R 18
Carbohydrate
Content
Carbohydrate
Content
Treatment by
NaOH 17,5 %
Treatment by
NaOH 18 %
Neutralization
By acetic acid
Oxidation of
Carbohydrates
By K2Cr2O4
1___ ___ ____ ___ __ _ _____ ___ ______________ __ _____ ______ __
_____
__" __, -_" 2____
: _______ _______ _ ____'__ __ _____ ___ ___ ___ _______ _____ _________
__ @E?:_C% __ _____ ____ ______ __ ______ $@E_ ___ __ __ __________ __ ___
)C ____ _ /<61_ ___ _____ _____ ____ _ _ _________ _,__ _ ______ _)@E_ __
__ _________&__ /<=1_ K _ _ ___ _ _____ _____ __ _ __! _ _________ _______
____'__ __ ___ $@E_ _____ _ _ _____ _ ____ @E?:_C% ____ ___ _______'
____ ___ _______ ____ @=_<?:_C%_
___3 _ ________ ____ __________
___ __________ __ ____________ ____
___
_ _ ____ _ _ % _.____!___,__
_ __________ _ ____ _____ _____ _____ _ __ __ ______ % ______ _______
__ ___ _ _____ __ __ _ _____ __ _____ ____ ___ ________ ____ ___ ___'
___ _ _ _ ______ _ _____ _____ ___ ___ _______ __ ____ _ _ _ _____ _______
__ __ __ _______ _ _ ___ _______ _ _ __________ ____ ____ __ ___
K _ ________ ___ _ __________ ___ ____ _&__ _____ ______ ___ _ __ __&___
______ _ _ _ __________ ____ ___ __________ ______ ___________ _ ________'
______ _____ __ ___ ______ ____ ___ ___ ____ _____ __ ____ _ _ __ _
___ ___ ____ _____ ______ _____ _ _____ __ ____ ___ ___ __ _______ _ ___'
_____ ___ __" ___ _ _____ _______ ____ K___ *_0__
_____
__________ _ _ _ _ ____!___,__ _____ 4.,_ _.___
_______ 5__ _!_ __ ____!.
_ ____ _ ____&_ _____ _ ____ ____ ___ __ ___ _______ ___ __ ____
____ __ _ ____&__ __ ________&___ _ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ _______
____ ___ _ ______ ___ _ __ __ _ ____ _ __ _ _____ ___ ______ ____ ___'
________ _ ____ __ ________ _ ___ _ _ __ ___ ___________ __B)_ _______
_ ___ _____ _ _______ ___ ____ __ __ _ _ _ _________ __ __ _____ ___
____ _____ __ __ _ ____ __________ _ _A ___ _'_ ____ __ __ _____ __ __ ____'
_ __ __ _____ _ _ ___ _____D ____ ____ _ ___ _ _____ _ _ _ __ ___,_ __ ___
___ __ ___ _____ (_ _"____ _ ___ _ __ _ _____ ____ ___________ ___________
_ __ __ __ __ __ __ K___ *_+_
O
H
TMSO
H
TMSO
H
OTMS
OTMS
H
H
OTMS
O
H
TMSO
H
TMSO
H
H
OTMS
H
OTMS
OTMS
OTMS
H
H
H OTMS
OTMS H
O
H
TMSO
TMSO
H
OTMS
H
H OTMS
OTMS H
O
H
TMSO
TMSO
Si
CH3
CH3
TMS = CH3
1___ ___ ___ _____ _________ _ ___ ___________
_ ________ ____ __________
(______'______ ____ __ _ ____________ ___________ _ ______ _ _______ ___
____ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ ________ ___ __ ___________ _ _ _ _ _____ __ _ ___
________ ____ ____ ____ _________ _K___ *_*__ -____ ____ ____ __ ___ _____
_____ __ _ _____ __ ____
O
H
HO
H
HO
H
OH
H OH
H
OH
CH2OH
H OH
HO H
H OH
H OH
CH2OH
CH2OAc
H OAc
AcO H
H OAc
OAc
CH2OAc
BH3 Ac2O
CH3
O
Ac =
1___ ___ ___ ____ _ ___ __ ___ _ _ __ ___ ______ _______ ___ __ ___
)__ _______ ___ ______ _ ___ __ ________ _ _____ _______ __ _____ ___
__ ___ _____ _ ____ ____ _________ ____ ____ _________ ___,_ _ _ __ ___
"_ ___ ____ ___ ______ ___ ___ ____ __ /<E1_ (_______ ___ __ ___ _____
__ __ __ ________ ____ _ ____ _ __&___ _ _____ _ ___ _ _____ _ _________ ___,
_____ _ ___ __ ___ _____
_______ 6!__/__.__ _!_ __ ____!.
___ ______ "_ ___ ______ ___ ____ ___ __ ___ ___ ____ __ ___ __ _________
_________ _____ ____'____ __ ___ ______ /<>1_ __ _______ ____ __ __ ____ __ _
_____ ____ ______ ____ _____ __ ___ _ ___ ____ ____ ___ ___ _______ ______
___ ____ ______ __ ________ ____ ______ ________ ___ __________ _____ _____ '
__ _ ______
_______ __7_, _!_ __ ____!.
____ ___ __ ___ ______ ________ _ ____ __ ____ _ _____ __ _____ __ '
___ ______ ________ _ ___ ___ (_ _ _ ___ _ __ __ ______ _ __ ______ ___ __'
___ ____ _ __ __________ _______ ___ __ ___ ______ _ _ _____ ________ ___
_ _ ____ ______ __ ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ _____'_ ___ __ _____D _____
___ _____ __ ___ ______ ___ ____ __ __,__ ____ _ _______ ___ _____
________ B___________ _ __ ____ __ ___ ___ _____ ___ ______ __ _____
_ _______ _____ _ ___ __ _ ______ _____ _ _ -.'__ _ ______
____
___ __________ __ ____________
_____
__________ _ _ %___ ____ _____ 4.,_ _.___
____ ____ ___ __ __________ __ ____ _&___ _ __________ _ ___ ____ ____
-____ ___ __ ____ _____ ___ ____ ___ _ __ ________ ____ __" ___ __ __
______ ____ _ ____ "______'_______ _K___ *_0__
Hexose _ O
HO CHO
Hydroxymethyl furfural
Pentose _ O CHO
Furfural
1___ ___ _________ ______ _ ___ ___ ____ ___ __ ____ ___ _________
K______ __ __ ____ __ _ ___ _____ _ __"____ __ ________ __ _ _____ ____ __'
_ '_____ _ _____ _ _____ _ _____ ___ ___" ____ __ _ ___ ___ __ _ __'
_____ __ _ _________ _ 6*5 __ /651_ _ ______ _ _ ____ _________&__ ____ __
____ _______ _____ __ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ _________ ____ ___ ______ ______
_ ___ __ _ _____ ___________ _ _ ____ __'_____ _______ /6@1_
_____
__________ _ _ 8_ ___ *__,_ _____ 4.,_ _.___
__ ___________ _ ______ __ __ __________ _____ _ _ __ ___ _______ ____
____ _ ____ ________ _ ____ __,__ ____ _ _'_"_____ _______ _ ____
_ __ ___ _ ___ __ ____ _____ _ ____ _________ _ _____ ___ _____ ___ _____
________ _______ ___ ____ _______ ____ __ _____ _ ___ _ ______ ___ ____ _
__ __ ___ _ __ ____ (____ _____ ___ _"_____ _____ ________ __ _____ _ _'
__ _ ________ _ __ _ ______ ________ __ ______ ___ ___ ___ ____ ___ _____
_____ ___ ___ ________ G________ ___ ________ ______ __ ___ ___ ____
_____ ____ __ ________ _____ ______ ___ ____ ___ _ ____ ___ _______ _____
_ _________ ____ __ ___ _________ ____ _ _ _ _ __ ___ ______ ________
____ ____ _ _ __&_'_"___ _ __ ___ ______ ____ K___ *_+5__ ___ _______ __ __ ___
__________ ______ _ ___ _____ ___ ___ ____ __ _____
-_ __ ____ ___ __ _______ _____ _ _ __ ___ _______ _____ __ ___ ___'
____ _ ____ __ _____ ______ _ __ ____ __ _______ (___________ ___ ______
___ __ ___________ _ _____ _B) ___________ ___ ____&__ _____ ___ __ ___ ___'
____
K _ _____ __ ___ _______ _'_________'%3 __ ____ __ _ ________ _______ ____
____ ____ ___ __ ___ ______
_ ___ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ ______ __ _ H________I_ _____ ________
_________ ___ __ ________&__ __ __ ____ "_____ _ _ ___ _____ _____ ______
K _ ___ ____________ _ _ ___ _______ _________ _ ____ __ ____ ____ __ __
____ ______ ____ _ __ ____&__ _____ ____ __ ___ ___ __ ____&_ _ __ __
____ _ ___ _____ _____,__ ___ __ ___ _ ___ __ _____A(_____ ___ 2,_______
____
_ ________ ____ __________
________ _K___ *_<__ _____ __ ____ ___ _____ _ __ __ '__"__ __ ____ ___
__ ______ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ __ _____ _____ ___ __ ___ ______ ____'
_ __ ____ _ __"____ _ __ __ __ _____ ____ ___ _ ___ _ _ ____ __ _ _
__ _ ______
CHO
H OH
HO H
H OH
H OH
COOH
CH2OH
H O
HO H
H OH
H OH
COOH
CH2OH
H O
H OH
H OH
H OH
COOH
CHO
HO H
H OH
H OH
H OH
COOH
CHO
H OH
H OH
H OH
H OH
COOH
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