On þæm Markte/ At the Market

Where are the merchants? Hwær sind þa cypmenn? hwær sind tha CHYP-menn?	Do you have a saddle (brooch/ bow)? Hæfst þu sadol (preon/ bogan)? hæfst thu SA-dol (preon/ BO-gan)?
How much is it? Hwæt is þæt ceapgyld? hwæt is thæt CHEAP-yyld?	It is one (two/ three) dollars. Þæt ceapgyld is an (twa/ þreo) hund peninga. thæt CHEAP-yyld is an (twa/ threo) hund PE-ning-ga.
	four/ five/ six/ seven/ eight/ nine/ ten feower/ fif/ siex/ seofan/ eahta/ nigon/ tien FEO-wer/ fif/ siex/ SEO-fan/ EA KH -ta/ NI-yon/ tien
Do you have gloves (capes/ socks)? Hæfst þu glofa (cæppan/ soccas)? hæfst thu GLO-fa (KÆP-pan/ SOK-kas)?	Do you have it in blue (green)? Hæfst þu hit on hæwenre (grenre) deage? hæfst thu hit on HÆ-wen-re (GREN-re) DĒA-ye?
	red/ yellow/ purple/ brown/ black/ white reod/ geolu/ purpuren/ brun/ blæc/ hwit reod/ YEO-lu/ PUR-pu-ren/ brun/ blæch/ hwit

Where is the battlefield?	Where is an inn?
Hwær is seo wælstow?	Hwær is inn?
hwęr is sēo WĘL-stow?	hwær is inn?

Do you have a room?	Where is the bathroom?
Hæfst þu bur?	Hwær migþ man?
hæfst thu bur?	hwær mijth man?

Go up (downward).	Turn right (left).
Ga uppe (niþerweard).	Gecirto swiþrum (winstrum).
ga UP-pe (NI-ther-weard).	ye-CHIR to SWITH-rum (WINS-trum).
Where is the stable? Hwær is se steall? hwær is se steall?	I wish to buy a horse (hound/ pelican). Ic wille hors (hund/ dufedoppan) bycgan. Ich WIL-le hors (hund/ DU-FE-dop-pan) BY-jan.
Æt þære Ceastre/ At the Castle Where is the feast-hall? Hwær is beorsele? hwær is BEOR-se-le?	Are you coming to the feast? Cymst þu to beorscipe? kymst thu to BEOR-shi-pe?

	Sit with me.
	Sitt mid me.
	sitt mid me.
Pass the bread (cheese/ butter/ salt). Gief me to handa hlaf (cyse/ butere/ sealt). yief mē to HAN-da hlaf (chy-se/ BU-te-re/ sealt).	I want to bite your sweetcakes. Ic wille þin swetmetas bitan. ich WIL-le thin SWET-me-tas BI-tan.
May I bite your cake (radish/ nose)? Mot ic þin focan (rædic/ nosu) bitan? mot ich thin FO-kan (RÆ-dich/ NO-su) BI-tan?	What a magnificent moustache! Hwæt micellic cenep! hwæt MI-chel-lich che-nep!

Do you have a knife?	What a long weapon!
Hæfst þu cnif?	Hwæt lang wæpen!
hæfst thu knif?	hwæt lang WÆ-pen!

I like this drink (mead).	I like this beer (cider).
Þes drinc (medu) licaþ me.	Þis beor (æppelwin) licaþ me.
thes drink (ME-du) LI-kath me.	this beor (ÆP-pel-win) LI-kath me.

Would you have some more? Wilt þu ma habban? wilt thū ma HAB-ban?	My stomach feels like a wet otter. Min maga þyncþ me swa wæt otor. min MA-ga thykth mē swa węt O-tor.
What a beautiful dress (necklace)! Hwæt sciene hrægel (healswriþa)! hwęt SHĪE-ne HRĘ-yel (HEALS-wri-tha)!	You have such shining gems (such shining pearls). Þu hæfst swilce glade gimmas (swilc gladu meregrotu). thu hæfst SWIL-che GLA-de YIM-mas (swilch GLA-du ME-re-gro-tu).
What do you do for fun? Hwæt dest þu for gamne? hwæt dest thu for GAM-ne?	I play with dice (chessmen). Ic plegie mid tæflum (peorþum). ich PLE-yie mid TÆF-lum (PEOR-thum).
Would you like to dance? Licaþ hit þe hleapan? LI-kath hit the HLEA-pan?	I play the lyre (pipes/ tambourine). Ic plegie hearpan (pipan/ timpana). ich PLE-yie HEAR-pan (PI-pan/ TIM-pa-na).
Yes, I would like to dance. Gea, hit licaþ me hleapan. yēa, hit LĪ-kath mē HLĒA-pan.	No, I would not like to dance. Na, hit ne licaþ me hleapan. na, hit ne LĪ-kath mē HLĒA-pan.
You move like a swan (walrus/ wounded ostrich). Þu gæst gelic swane (nicore/ wundum strytan). thu gæst ye-LICH SWA-ne (NI-ko-re/ WUN-dum STRY-tan).

Greetings

Ic grete þe.	I greet you (sing.).
Ælfric abbod gret freondlice Sigwerd æt Eastheolon.	Aelfric Abbot greets in-friendship Sigwerd at Eastheolon.
Cnut cyning gret his arcebiscopas... freondlice.	Cnut King greets his archbishops... in-friendship.
Willelm cyngc gret ealle mine þegenas on Eoferwicscire Frencisce and Englisce freondlice.	William King greets all my thegns in Yorkshire, French and English, in friendship.
Wes ðu hal.	Hail! or Farewell! ('be thou hale/healthy/well (etc.)')
Hal wes þu.
Sy ðu hal.
Wes gesund.
Beoð ge gesunde.	Hail! or Farewell! (plural)
Wilcume.	Welcome!
Wilcuman la, mine hlafordas.	Welcome, my lords!

Forms of Address

Broðor min	My brother,...
Sweostor min	My sister,...
Lareow	Teacher,...
Leof	Friend,... (or Sir,...)
Hlaford	Lord,...
Hlaford min	My lord,...
Hlæfdige	Lady,...
Hlæfdige min	My lady,...
Men ða leofestan	Dearest men,...
Leofe broðra	Dear brothers,...

Introductions

Hwæt eart þu?	Who are you (sing.)?
Beowulf is min nama.	My name is Beowulf.
Min nama is Michael.	My name is Michael.

Interjections (betwuxaworpennyss)

Wa me	Woe is me!	Short Replies
Eala	Alas! Lo! (etc.)	Giese.	Yes.
La	Lo! Oh! Ah! (etc.)	Gea.
Wa la wa	Woe! (etc.)	Nese.	No.

Reply Headers

Useful when quoting previous messages (e.g. using the 'Reply' function in e-mail):

*Sarra ure sweostor awrat on þæm iii dæg thæs monþes:

cf. 'On Sat, 3 Jan 1997, Sarah L. Higley wrote:'

Ic þe þancas do	Thank you [I give you (sing.) thanks]
Ic sæcge eow þancas	Thank you [I say you (pl.) thanks]
Ic þancie þe	Thank you [I thank you (sing.)]
Soþ is þæt þu segst!	What you (sing.) say is true!
Wel ðu writst.	You write well.
Ic nat.	I don't know.

Useful Connectives / Miscellaneous

and (&, 7)	And	Broðor, ic þe secge...	Brother, I say to you (sing.):...
Ac	But	Ic þe axige...	I ask you (sing.):...

¨ 12. Словник (Староанглійська – сучасна англійська мови)

A

acolian, wv. 2—to cool; denom, fr, col (s.)

acolmod, adj.— of a fearful mind, timid; acol, adj.— frightened 4- mod (s.)

acsian, ahsian, w v. 2— to ask; ME asken,

ād, n. m. a— funeral pile, pile

a-lecgan, wv. 1 —to lay; a+lecgan (s.)

alighten, v .— to alight, de-cend, make tight;

an, num.—one; ME on, o, an

and, con/.—and, along with, if

andefn, n. n. a—equality, measure; and, prp.-1-efn (s.)

andZit, n. n. a—understanding, intellect, knowledge;

Zietan (s. besietan)

andswarian, andswerian, ul'v. 2— to answer;

andswaru, n.f. о —answer; ME andsware, ondswere, anawerelire/.

andwyrdan, wv. 1— to answer; denom., fr. andwyrde=and+word, n, n. a

Angelcynn, n. n. (—the Angles— Englishmen; Angel, Angle+cynn (s.)

anginn, angyn, n. n. a—a beginning; an, on+ginn... (ginnan) (s, onginnan)

aras—s. a-risan

a-risan, s w.1 — to arise

auisen, L-.—to take thought, reflect

aungel, n.—angeil Lat. angelus

avenlure, n.— chance, occurrence; risk, chance of danger; exciting occur-гепсе

awappen, v.— to astonish; orig. unknown

awhaped—s. awappen

awendan, wv, 1— to turn away, change, translate; s. wendan

æfre, adv.— ever; ME ever, efre (a—in—feorh) æfter, prp. —after, along; ME aii.er

aeftra, adj— next; comp. of sefter

æZþег, prn.— either, each, both; ME either, aither (a-sihwce'fier) æ3þer зе... 3е.. -, con/. — both... and

æZhwæm, prn., dat. pi. of aeshwa (гез—any—hwa)—any

æZhwylc, prn.— everyone, everything

æ1с, ælch(e) prn.—each;

æld— s. eald

æniZ, æneZ, prn.—any

ær - before

ætlicZan, sv. 5— to lie still, idle

B

ba, num. —both; s. BeZen

baþ, n.n.a—bath; ME bath

bathen, v. —to bathe; OE banian;

bæc, n.n. a—back; ME bac

bærnan, beornan, biornan, sw. 3, Ir/int —to burn; ME bernen, brennen

be, bi, prp. —by, near, to; for, because of; about, concerning;

bead— s. beodan

bearn, n.n.a —child; ME barn

beatan, su. 7, p.t. beot—to beat, strike; ME beaten, beten

bebeodan, sw. 2— to enjoin; make a will; s. beodan

bec—s. boc

becuman, sv. 4 —to come, arrive, reach; ME becomen,

bee, n. —a bee; OE beo

befæstan, befestan, wv. 1—to fasten; establish; commend; be+fæstan (s.)

befeallan, sv. 7—to fall; to fall off; s. feallan

befeolan, sv. 4— to commit, deliver, grant; be+feolan

bеаZ, beah, n.m.a.—ring, bracelet, collar; ME beah

bēZ—s. bеаз, beah

bеZеn prn., т.; -both

be-Zitan, beZietan, sv. 5— to get, acquire; ME begeten, yeten

begnornian, wv. 2— deplore, mourn;

beodan, sv. 2— to bid, command; proclaim; offer, give; ME beden, beoden, bieden; bedden, shows influence of bidden—to offer, to command; later merges with bidden (MnE bid)

beon, irr. suppl. v.— beo, bist, biþ; p.t. wæs, wæron—to be;

beorht, ad].— bright, sihining; ME briht Russ. береза, береста

beornan, biernan, byrnan, su. 3— to burn, be on fire

beoþan, beoþun—are, s. beon

beran, su. 4— to bear, carry; produce, bring forth; endure, suffer;

bet, adv.— better; rather... than

betæcan v.— to show; commit, put in trust; s. taecan

betæhte—s. betæcan

beten—s, beatan

bicgan, bycgan, p.t. bohte, wv. irr. 1— to buy; ME buggen, byen

bidan, sv. /—to wait; ME biden;

biddan, sv. 5—to ask, pray, beseech; ME bidden—pray, beg; command;

bifallen, v.— to happen, chance; s. befeallan

bindan, sv. 3— to bind

bineoþan, biniþап, prp. —beneath, under

bisceop, biscop, biscep, n.m.a— bishop;

bio, byo—s. beon

boc, n.f.cons,—book;

bocere, n.m.a— learned man;

bothe—s. ba

brad, adj.— broad, wide;

brak—s. brecan

bræþ, n .m. i.—breath; ME breeth, breth, breath

breath, breeth, n,—breath;

brecan, sv. 4— to break; ME breken

bread, п.п.а—bit, morsel; ME bread, bred,

breZdan, sv. 3— to move, weave, vibrate; ME breiden

breZer— dat. sing. Of b гоþоr (s.)

brycg, bricg, n.f.o—bridge; ME brigge, brugg

bright—s. beorht

brinZan, p.t. brohte, vsv. irr. 1 —to bring; ME bringen

broyded—s. BreZdan

broþor, n.m.r— brother; ME brother

brouh—s. brucan

brucan, sv. 2 —to use, to enjoy; ME bruken

buan, irr.v. —bude, 3ebūn—to dwell; ME buen

bude—s. buan

bufan, prp., adv.— above;

buZan, sv. 2— to bow, bend; surrender; ME bowen, bo5en|

burh, burZ, n.f.cons., dat. Byri3— fortress, castle, town

burZware, n.f.o (col.) —citizens of a town, country; ME burhware

butan, buton, prp., con/.—l) without; 2) except, unless

C

cas, caas, n.— event, chance, state, condition;

casten, u.— to cast, throw; superseded OE weorpan

causen, v.— to cause; der. ir. cause, n. Lat. causa

ceap, n .m.a —cattle; sale, bargain, business, market; ME chep, n.— pur­chase, bargain;.

ceapian, wv. 2— to buy, purchase; ME cheapien, cheapen; MnE cheap

ceapstow, n.f.wo— marketplace; s. ceap, stow

cearu, n.f. o care, sorrow, grief; ME care

ceosan, s.v 2—to choose; ME chesen, cheosen;

cepan, wv 1—to keep, guard, observe

сере þing, n. pi.— merchandise;

cep-setl, n.n.a— toll booth; сер, ceap (s.)—setl+seat; rel. to sittan cild, n.n.es— child; ME

child n.n.es —child

cynedom, n.m.a—reign, kingdom;

cynerice, n.n. ja— kingdom;

cyning, n.m.a— king; ME kining,

cynn, n.n.ja —sort, kind; race, family; nation (cf. Angelcynn)

сyре, a dj. —slave; cype cniht—a bought slave; s. ceap, cneoht

cypemann, n.m.cons. —merchant; s. ceap, mann

cyrce, cyrice, cir(i)ce, n.f.n— church; ME chirche, churche,

суðаn, wv 1to make known, proclaim, announce; ME сиđеп

clæne, adj. —clean; ME klene

clæþian, wv. 1 —to clothe

clerk, n.~ clerk, clergy man, scholar

clowd, n.— cloud; in OE rock, hill; OE clūd, n.n.a

cnawan, cneow, sv. 7 — to know; ME knowen

cneoht, cniht, n.m.a—boy, youth; man of arms; ME knight

col. adj. —cool; ME col

colur, n. —coIour com — s. cuman

companye, n. —company, group con—s. Cunnan

corage, n. —spirit, nature; purpose, bravery

corn, n.n.a—corn; ME corn

cræft, n.m.a—power, might; art, skill; trade; knowledge; cunning; any snip; ME craeft, craft;

creature, n—creature

crien, v.— to cry; call out

crop, n.— crop; OE crop, n.m.a

cu, n.f.cons., pl. суn—cow

cuman, sv. 4, p.t. com, comon—to come, arrive; ME comen, cumenl

cunnan, v. prt.-prs., p.t. cann, cunnon, ptple cūđe—can, to be able; to know; ME cunnen—to be able; to know

cwen, n.f. i—woman; wife; queen

cwet—s. cweþan

cweþan, sv. 5—to say, speak; ME cweđen; MnE bequeathe

D

daZus—s. dæZ

dæZ, daZas, n.m.a—day; ME day, dai

dæl, n. n i—dale, valley; ME dale

dæl, n.m.i— part; part of speech in grammar; deal

dead, adj.—dead;

deaþ n.m.a—death;

deman, wv 1—to deem; judge; give one's opinion;

denisc, ad}.— Danish

depe—s. deop adj—deep; ME dep, deep

desport, n.— disport, pastime; sport; ME amusement, sport, liveliness:

docga, n.m.n —dog; ME dogge; displaced the former hund

doghter—s. dohtor

dohtor, n.f.r— daughter; ME doghter

dōm, n.m.a— judgement; decree; law; command; power; dignity; free will, choice; ME dom, dome, doom; MnE doom

don, irr. v., p.t. dyde, piple Zedōn—to do, perform, make, cause;

dor, n.n.a— door, a large door; ME dor, door

doutte, rt.— doubt, uncertainty, fear

dream, n.m.a— 1) Joy, pleasure, mirth; 2) what causes mirth—a musical instrument; ME dremen (to rejoice)

dream-leas, adj. — joyless, sad

drifan, sv. /—to drive, force, pursue; ME dryven, driven

dryft, n.— driven snow; course, direction; driving or being driven; MnE drift

dryZe, adj.— dry; ME drie; hence druZian—to dry; dru3aþ—droughft

driht-Zuma, n.m.n —a warrior

drihten, n.m.a—lord, creator, judge; ME drihten rel,

to dreoZan, sv. 2—to accomplish, carry through, suffer.

drincan, sv. 3—to drink; ME drinken,

durran, v. prt.-prs., prs. t. dearr, durron, p.t. dorste—dare, presume

duru, n.f.n—door; ME dure, dor,

dwellan, wu. irr. 1 —to lead astray; delay; ME dwellen—to stay

E

ea, n.f.cons.— water; a river;

eac, conj.— also, moreover; ME eac, ec, eke;

eadiZ, adj. —happy, upright;

еаZе, n n n—еуе; ME eye

eahta. num.— eight

eald, adj., сотр. yldra, sup. yldest—old, ancient; great

eall, adj.— all;

ealweZ, adv.— always, quite;

earm, n.m.a— arm; ME arm, aerm

east, n.m.a—east; ME est, eest, aest

eastan, estan, a du.— from the East; s. east

ec = eac (s.)

ecg, n. f.jо:—edge, blade, sword; ME ecge, egge

efn, adv.—even

efne, adv.— even; precisely; exactly; s. efn, adj.

efstan, wv. 1 —to hasten, hurry; denom. fr. ofost—hurry

eft, adv.— again; ME eft, efte

effer—s. aefter

ende, n.n.Ja—end; ME ende

englisc, adj.— English;

eny—any; s æniZ

eode— s. gan

eorþe, n.f.o:—earth.Mf erthe

eow, oiw—you; ME eow, уои

eower prn.—your

erly, adj., adv.—early

espye, v.—to descry, notice;

est—s. east

estan, a dv.— from the East

etan, su. 5— to eat, ME eten, ete

everich—every; s. aefre, æ1с

excusen, wv.— to ехcuse

F

fæder, n.m.r— father;

faran, sv. 6—to go, to travel; ME faren,

fæZer, adj. —fair, beautiful

fæst, ud/.—fast, firm

fæstan, wv 1— to fasten

fea, feawa, adj.— few; ME fewe

fealdan, sv. 7, p.t. feold—to fold, wrap; give way, alter

feallan sv 7, p.t. feoll—to fall; ME failen

fela, fæla, feala, adj., adv.— many; very much;

felan, wv. /—to feel; ME fele, felen

felawe, fellawe, n.— fellow, partner

felawshipe, n.m.a— fellowship;

feld, n.n.a— field; ME feld

felen—s. felan

feo, feoh, n.n.a —cattle; money, value, fee, reward; property; ME fee,

feohan, sv. 5—to rejoice

feohtan, su. 3—to fight; ME fehten, fihten

feond, fiend, n.m.nd—enemy, ME feond, feend, fiend;

feor, adv.—far, ME ferre, feor

feorran, adv. —far off, from far

feower, num.—four; ME foure

feowertiZ, пит.— forty

fif -five

fiftene, fiftyne, num.— fifteen;

fiftiZ, num.—fifty;

fil, p.t, of fallen—s. teallan

fyliþ, v., 3rd prs.—s. feallan

findan, sv. 3 - to find; ME finden, fynden,

fierd, fyrd, n.f.i—army

fisc, n.m.a (pi. fiscas, fixas)—Fish; lat- piscis

folc, n.n.a— folk, people, tribe

folZian, fylZan, wv. 2 —to follow; ME folwen

folye, n.—folly

folk—s. folc

foresprecan, sv. 5 —to foretell

foreswiZian, wv. 2— to pass over in silence, to be silent;

foreweard, adj., adv.— forward

forhwæZa, adv.— at least

forlætan, sv. 7— to leave; omit; forgive;

foron—s. faran

forwiernan, w.v. /—to prevent

forwyrcan, w. v. 1 irr. —to do wrong

forþ, adv.— completely, away, forth

forðan, forðām, coni.— for that, for that reason which, because

forþgenge, adj.— progressive, increasing, effective

fremman, wv. 1—to advance, make, do, perform; ME fremmen

freo, frio, cdf.—free; ME free, fre

freedom, friodom, n.n.a— freedom, ME freedom, fredom

freoZan, wv. 1, p.t. freode—to free, make free; honour, love

freond, n.m.nd— friend; ME freond,

freondlice, adv.—in a friendly way

from, fram, adv., prp.—from

fuZol, fu5el, n.m.a—bird; ME fowel, foule

frut, n.—fruit

ful, adv.— very; s. full

fūl,adv.—foul, dirty, rotten, corrupt

full, adv.—full; ME full

G / Z

gan, irr. suppl. v.—eode, 3egan—to go; ME gon, goon, gan

Ze, prn.—you; ME yee, ye

Ze... Ze, conj.—both... and

Zеаг, п. п. a—year; ME yere, yer

Zebeorscipe, n.m.a— feast

Zebidan— s. bidan

ZeboZen—s. 3еbu3en

ZebūZan, sv. 2— to submit

Zebyran, wv.1—1) to happen by chance; 2) impers.— it is suitable, fitting;

it becomes

Zecnawan, sv. 7— to know, perceive, understand; ME cnowen, gecnowen

Zedydon—s. 5edon

gedon, irr. v.— to do, perform, reach; s. don

gedrync, n. n.a— drinking; s. drincan

gefeaht—s. feohtan

Zeflieman, wv. I— to cause to flee, drive away

Zehawian, wv. 2— to look at, observe

Zehetan—s. hatan

Zemænе, adj. —common, general

Zemynd, n.f.i— mind, memory, remembrance; ME minde

Zemunan, v. prt.-prs., prs. t. 5eman—to think of, remember; ME imunen;

Zenoh, Zenog, adj., adv.— enough, sufficient; ME inoh, enowe

Zeo, Zio, giu, adv.— formeriy of old, before

Zeoguþ, sioguþ, geogaþ, juguþ, n.f.o— youth; young people; ME youthe

Zeond, siond, prp.— through, beyond, among, across; ME Zeond, yond, yend, yonder

Zeong, jung, ad/.—young; ME young

Zеоrn, adj., 3еоrne, adv.— eager(Iy), diligent(ly), willing(ly); ME yerne

Zeornfulle, adv.— willingly, eagerly

Zereord, n.n.a— language, speech; rel. to rædan, sv. 7, p.t. reord—to read

Zeripan, sv. /—to reap; ME repen, ripen

ZesaeliZ, saeliZ, adj.— happy, prosperous;

ZesæliZlic, adj— happy

Zeseon—s. seon

Zewat—s. Zewitan

Zeweorc, n.n.a—work; fortress; fort;

Zewitan, sv. 1— to go; ME iwiten

Ziefan, sv. 4 —to give; ME yiven, yeven, givenl

Ziefu, Zifu, Zeofu, n.f.ō— gift; ME gifu, geve

Zieman, Zyman, wv. I— to take care ot

Zyf. Zif, conj.—if; ME yif

Zymen, n.f.ō—care, solicitude; rel. to syman, 5ieman (s.)

Zynge, adj.—s. Zeong

Ziond—s. seond

Zisel, Zysel, n.m.a/i— hostage; ME yisles

Zlæd, adj.—glad, Joyful, bright; ME glad

Zleow, gleo, gliZ, n.n.a— glee, joy, music;

gnawen, v.— gnaw

Zod, n.m.a—god. deity; ME god

Zōd, adj—good; ME god, good

godcund, ad/.— sacred, divine; ME godcund

Zrētan, wv, 1— to greet, call, welcome, bid farewell, approach, visit; ME greten

Zuma, n.m.n— man; ME gume, gome

H

habban, wv. 3—to have; ME haven, han, hafen

hād, n.m.a—rank, degree, fate, condition; ME had, hed

hāl, adj—whole, well, in good health; ME hal, hæil

halga, n.m.a —saint; ME halwe

haliZ, adj.—holy;

hām, n.m.a—home, house, residence; ME ham, hom

hātan, sv. 7, p.t. heht—to order, call; hatte—was called; ME hight

hælo, haelu, n. indecl. —health, safety, salvation; s, hal

hærfest, n.m.a —harvest, autumn

hæðen, adj., der. fr. hæþ—heathen, pagan

hætleness, n.f.o: —heathenism, paganism

he, prs. prn.— he; ME he; hi

heafod, n.n.a—head; ME heed, head

heah, adf.— high, lofty; ME heigh, he3, heye

healf, n.f.ō—hal, part; ME half, halve

heard, adj.— hard, harsh, stern, firm, brave

helpan, sv. 3 —to help; ME helpen

heo, prs. prn.—she; also they; ME hie, hi, he, ha

heofon, heofen, hefon, hiofon, n.m.a— heaven;

heorte, n.n.n— heart; ME heorte

her, adv.—here

herb n.—herb, grass

here, prn,— their; s. hie, he

here, n.m.ja, gen. sing. heriges, her3es—army

hie, hi, prn., pl. 3rd prs.— they;

hyran, wv. 1—1) to hear; 2) to follow, obey, serve; ME heren; huren

hlæfdige, n.f.n—lady, mistress of the house

hlāford, n.m.a—lord; ME laverd, loverd, lord

hlisa, n.m.a— rumour, report, reputation; rel. to hli3an—to give glory

hors, n.n.a— horse

horsian, wv. 2 —to provide with horse s. hors

hour, n.—h

hu, adv.—how

hund, num— hundred

hund, n.m.a—hound, dog

hundeahtatiZ, num.— eighty hundred—s. hund, num.

huniZ, n.n.a—honey; ME huniZ

huntian, wv. 2— to hunt; ME honten

hūs, n.n.a—house; ME hus

hwam— dat. Of hwa (s.)

hwanne, hwan, hwon, adv. —when

hwanon, adv.— from where

hwær, adv.— where

hwæt, adj.— brave, quick, active; ME hwat

hwæt, prn.— what; ME hwat, huet

hwæþer þe, conj. — or

hwelc, hwilc, hwylc, prn.— which; ME hwilche

hwil, n.f.i— a while, space of time; ME hwile, hwule

hwilum, adv.— from time to time, at times

I

ic, prn— I;

iernan, irnan, yrnan, aernan, sv. 3— to run

ylc—s. ilca; also ælc

ilca, prn. — the same

ilchen—s. ælс

yldra— сотр. of eald (s.)

ymb, umbe, embe, prp. —about, by

intinga, n.m.n— a cause, case, occasion, matter

iwis, adv.— certainly

y-shette —ptple 1 of shetten; s. OE scyttan

J

janglen, v.— to jangle, chatter

L

lāf n.f.ō— what is left, remnant, heirloom; a relict; widow;

lamb, n.n.es—lamb

land, n.n.a—Iand; ME land

lang, adj., сотр. lengra, lengesf—long; swa lange tide—while

lār, n.f.o—teaching, instruction; doctrine; scienc

lāreow, n. m. a— teacher, preacher

læce, n.m.i— physician, doctor; ME leche, lache

lædan, wv. 1— to lead, conduct; bring, produce

læfan, wv. 1—to leave;

læfe, n.— belief

læst—the least; s. lytel

lecgan, wv. 1, p.t. lesde—to lay;

leof, liof, adj.— loved, pleasant, dear;

leoht, liht, n.n.a— light

leornian, leornjan, wv. 2— to learn, study, read

leornung, liornung, n.f.ō —learning, study; reading.

Libban – wv 3, past - lifde—to live

lic, n.n.a— body; ME lie, lich—body, corpse

lic, 3elic, adv. — like, similar

licgan, licgean, sv. 5— to lie, rest, be in bed

lician, wv. 2— to please;

lif, n.n.a—life

liofast—s. leof

lystan, wv. /—to list, cause pleasure or desire

liste—s. lystan

lytel, adj., сотр. læssa, sup. læst— little

lytlum, adv.—s. lytel, cd;.

liþ —3rd prs. sing. of licgan (s.)

liþan, sv1—to travel

lyþer, odj.— base, vile

locian, wv. 2— to look, gaze, observe; ME loken

lodlich, adj.— disgusting, unpleasant longe, adv.— long; s. lang, adj.

longen, u.— to belong; desire earnestly

lufian, wv. 2— to love; ME loven

luflice, adv.— handsomely

lufu, n.f.o—love

M

тā, adv., сотр.— more;

macian, wv. 2—to make; ME maken

mæd, n.f.wo, mædwe—meadow

maZa, n.m.n— relative, son, man

mаZаn, prs. MæZ, maZon, p.t. minte, meahte, u. prt.-prs.— may; to be able

man— impers. prn.< mann; ME man

man(n), n.m.cons., pi. menn—man

mænan, wv. 1--to tell of, to declare, reiate

maniZfealdlic, adj.— manifold;

maniZ, moniZ, mæneZ, adj.— many

maþelian, wv. 2— to speak, discourse

mærðо, n.f.o —greatness, honour, glory

maest—s. mycel

meaht, meht—s. miht, n., magan, u.

mēсе, n.n. ja—sword, blade

mechel—s. mycel

mediacion, n.— mediation

medu, niedo, meodu, n.m.n— mead

medwe—s. maed, maedwe

mehti—s. miht, n.

mehton—s. Ma3ап

meZnee, meynee, n.— household

melodie, n.— melody

men s. man, mon

menden, wv.— to mend, improve, repair

mene, adj. —s. Zemænе

menen, u.— to mean; s. mænan

mengan, wu. 1— to mix, mingle; ME mengen, meynenl

menZе—з. MeZnее

meniZu, mengu, n. indecl. or n.f.i— crowd, multitude

meolc, meoluc, n.f.ō—milk; ME milk, meIk

meole, melu, mela, n.n.wa—meal, flour; ME mele, melu

meotud, metud, meotod, n.m.а—lord, creator

mercy, n. — tranks, pity, compassion

mere, n.m.i—sea, lake, mere; ME mere, maere

mere-ground, n.m.a—the bottom of the sea; s. mere

merye—s. myrig

merueilouse, adj.— marvellous

mērþe—s. тærðо

mesore, n— measure; action

messagyer, n— messenger

meschaunce, n.— mischance, misfortune

mest—s. mycel, mæst

metan, wv. I— to meet with, come upon; ME meten

mete, n m.i —meat, tood; ME mete

meteþearfend, сотр. adj.— wanting food

mettian, metian, wv. 2— to supply w food

mycel, micel, adj., сотр. mara, sup. mæst—much, more, most; ME muchel, michil, more, mest

micle, micclum, myclum, adv.— much, very; s. mycel, adj.

mid, prp., adu.— with; ME mid;

midd, adv., sup. midmest—middle, placed between; ME midden, midde

middanZeard, n.m.a —earth; ME middenerd;

middanwinter, n.m.a —midwinter

midel, middel, n.m i. middle, centre; ME middel

miht, mahf, meaht, n.f.o—might; ME maht, miht

mihte-mаZаn

mihtiZ, adj.— mighty; ME mihti, miZti

mil, n.f.o—mile; ME mil

milde, adj—mild, kind, gentle, gracious; ME mild

mildheortnisse, n.f.o— mercy, compassion

mildse, miltse, n,—mildness, kindness, mercy

min, poss. prn.— my; ME min, mi

mynster, n.n.i— monastery, cloister, church; ME minster

myriZ, adj.— pleasant, delightful, sweet

mōd, n.n.a— the inner part oE man, spirit; ME mode, mood

modir, moder, n.f.r— mother; ME moder

mon, prn. indef.—s. man

mona, n.m.n— moon; ME mone

monad— pfple II of monian (s.)

monaþ, n.m.cons.— month; ME moneth, month

monian, manian, w v. 2 — to warn. ask, remind

moniZ, adj. —s. maniZ

mоrZеп, n.m.a— morning; ME morgen, morwen, morwe; MnE morrow

moste—s. mot

mot, v. prt.-prs., p.t. moste—to be allowed; may; ME moste—must

moven, wv. 2— to move

murnan, sv. 3, p.t, mearn—to mourn; ME murne, mourne

mus, n.m.cons. (pl. mys)—mouse

N

naht, naaht, naught, prn.— nothing, naught; ME naught, noushtnot

nawiht—no creature

nama, n.m.n— name; ME name

nan=ne an, prn.— none, no, not one; ME nаnе, none

nature, n.— nature, natural power

naðor, prn. —neither

næfre, adv.— never; ne+æfre; ME nevere

næniZ, negat. prn.— no, none, not a single one; ME neni, naeni

nære = no wære

næs(s), n.m.a— ness; promontory; headland; MnE nose

ne, negat. part.—not; ME ne

neah, neh, nigh, adv.; prp.— nigh, near; ME neh, neih, nigh

negligent, adj.— negligent, careless

neh, adv.— near; s. neah

nele—ne wille

nemman, wv. 1— to name, give a name; ME nemnen, nevnenn

nyhst, adj., adu.—next, nearest; ME nest, sup. of neah, neh

niht, neaht, neht, n.f.cons.— night; ME niht

niman, nyman, sv. 4— to take; ME nimen

nyt(t), adj—useful, profitable, beneiicial

niwe, neowe, аdj —new, recent, not used

no—nо; 0E na, adv., part.

noumbre, n.—number

nu, adv.~~no\v; ME nu, now

O

ofer, prp.—over; ME over

oferwinnan, sv. 3— to conquer

ofslean, su. 6— to kill; to slay; ME ofslen, ofslayen

oft, adv.— often; ME oft

on, prp., adv.—on, upon, in, at, (with dat./acc.) further; ME on

onbutan, prp.— about; ME abouten, aboute

ondswarian—s. andswarian

onZean, prp., adv.— again, against, opposite; ME agein, ayen, agennes, ayennes

onZinnan, su. 3—to begin; to attempt; ME onginnen; with change of pref. beginnen; without pref. often used in p.t. (gan)

oðer, adj.—l) one of two; 2) the second; ME other

ōþre, ōþres – s.ōþer

ōððæt, conj.—until

oððe, conj.—or

P

part, n.—part

peas, pais, n.—реасе

pece, n.— piece, portion

peple, n.— people, nation

perfit, parfit, adj.—perfect

person, n.—human being, character, part played

pleZa, n.m.n—play, game, fight; ME ple3e, pleye; s. plegian

pleyenv.—to play, move briskly; s. pleZian

pleZian, wv. 2—to play, move briskly; act a part; ME рlеуеn

ploZ, n.m.a— plough; measure of land; ME plow

port, n.m.a—port, haven; ME роrt

pund, n.n.a— pound, measure, weight; money; ME pund

R

rædan, sv. 7, p.t. reord, red, raedde—to read; give advice, consult; take counsel; deliberate, guess; ME reden

raede, rædiZ, Zeræde, adj.— ready, prompt; ME readi(Z), ready, redy

reccan, wv. 1, irr., p.t. reahte—1) to reach, stretch, 2) to tell a story, speak; rule, govern; ME recchen

rest, n.— rest, relief, repose; ME rest, reste

rice, adj.— rich, powerful; ME riche

rice, n.n.ja— kingdom, power, rule, authority, dominion; ME riche

ridan, sv.. 1—to ride; ME riden

riht, n.n.a and adj. n.—that which is straight, erect, right; law, rule;

adj— straight, direct, lawful, regular; ME riht, right

risan, sv. 1 —to rise, get up; ME risen

rod, n.f.o—road, cross; ME rod

ronne—s. iernan

S

sacan, sv. 6—to fight, strive, disagree, accuse;

sawol –n.f.o.-soul

sæ n.m./f. i pl. sæs sea ME se,see,sea,sei

sæde—s. secgan

sæl—s sel, saeliZ

scieppan, scyppan, scippan, sv. 6—to shape, form, create; ME scheppen, schippe; schapen

scip, n.n.a—ship; ME shippe, ship

scoldon—s. sculan

scyttan, w v. 1— to shut

sculan, v. prt.-prs., sing. sceal, pi. sculon, p.t. scolde sceolde—shall, should; denotes obligation, constraint; ME shall, sholde

se, dem. prn. т.; seo, 1., pset, n.; ME 1) that, dem. prn.; 2) þē, the def. article

se—s. sie

secan, wv. irr. 1, p.t. sohte—to seek, try to find out; to come to, visit; ME sechen, seken

secgan, wu. 3, p.t. seesde—to say; ME seggen, seyen, seyde, saide

sel, saelis, ad/.—good, worthy, efficient, happy; ME seelig

self, seolf, sylf, prn.—self

sely, adi.—s. sel, szelis

sellan, wv. irr. 1, p.t. sealde—to give, pay tribute, exchange; ME sellen

sendan, wu. 1— to send; ME senden

sente(n), и,—to assent

seo—s. se seofon, — seven; ME seoven, sevene

seolf—s. self

seon, seah, sawon, sagon, gesewen, su. it—to see; ME sen, seigh, saigh, sawen, saw

settan, wv. I— to place, put, set down; fix; build, compose; ME setten

sex, six, num.—six; ME sex

syn, n.f.jo—sin, fault, crime

singan, sv. 3—to sing; ME singen

sittan, sv. 5— to sit; ME sitten

siððan, seoððen, syððan, adv., conj.— afterwards, since, after

syx—s. sex

slean, su. 6, p.t. sloh—to slay, strike, beat, kill; ME slen

smeel, adj.— small, fine, narrow, slender; ME smal

snotor, adj.— wise, prudent; ME snoter

so—s. swa

soft. softe, sefte, adj.— soft, gentle; ME soft, softe

sona, adu.—soori; ME sone

sonne—s. sunne

sorh, sors, n.f.o— sorrow, care, anxiety; ME soru, sorse, sorwe

sorZian, wv. 2—to feel sorry, s. sorh

spell n.n.a—story, narrative, account; saying; ME spel, spell; not to be confused with MnE "spell" (s. spellian)

spellian, speljan, wv. 2—to talk, converse; ME spellen; not to be confused with MnE "spell"

spenden, wv. 1 — to spend; in OE only in form "forspendan" — to spend

sprecan, su. 5-to speak; ME speken

sprengan, wv. 1— to scatter, burst, crack

stān n.m.a—stone, rock; ME stone

standan, stod, sv. 6, with n-infix in prs. f. and analogical ptple il—to stand; ME standen, stond

stæfcræft, n.m.a—sit of letters, skill in letters, grammar; ME stefcreft— grammar

stelan, sv. 4—to steal, hide; ME stele, stelen

steorra, /i.m.n—star; ME sterre

stod—s. standan

stow, n.f.wo— place, site; position; ME stowe

strang, strong, ad;.—strong; ME strong, strang

sum, indef. prn.—one of many, a certain.... some; ME sume, somei

sumor, sumer, n.m. a— summer; ME sumer

sunne, n.f.u—sw, ME sunne, sonne

sunu, n.m.u—son; ME sone, sune

suð, n., adv.— south; ME suth, south

suþan, adv.—from the south; ME suþen

suþewearde, suþeweardum, adu.— southwards

swā, adv. - as, while;

swa... swa, con/.—so... as; s. swa

swefen, n.n. a—sleep, dream; ME sweven, sweuen

swylc, swilc, sweic, prn.—such; me swich, swech, swuch

swið. adj.— strong; ME swið

swiðe, adu.— very much, exceedingly; s. swið, adj.

T

tacen, n.n.a— token, sign, symbol; me taken, token

talu, n.f. о— tale, story, talk; account; ME tale

tapur, n.m.a— taper, light; ME taper

tæcean, teecan, wv. 1, irr. p.t. tahte—to teach; ME techen, taute, teite; rel. to tacen (s.)

teche—s. tascean

tēōn, sv. 2, p.t. teah, tuZon, —to draw, pull; bring up; pro­ceed; ME teon, ten

theorik, n.— theory

though — s. þēāh

thre— s. þreo

tima, n.m.n—time, period of time|

timbrian, timbran, wv. 2— to build; ME timbre; der, fr. subsf. stem timber—building material, wood

tin - s. tēne

tyrnan, wu. 1—to turn; ME turnen

to. prp., ady.—to; ME to

to-dælan, wv. 1— to divide, separate, distribute

treo, treow, n.f.o. —tree; ME tre, tree

treow, tryw, adj.— true; ME trewe, truwe

treowþu, trywþ, n.f.o/i— truth, good Eaith, honour; ME treuthe, trewthe

tun, n.m.a—town, dwelling-place, village, enclosed piece of ground, yard; ME toun, tun, town

turnen, v. — s. tyrnan

twiwa, ads.— twice

twa—s. tweZen = two twain - s. twegen

tweZen, adj. т.; twa, tu, n. two; ME twesen, tweine; twa, two

þ

þa, adv., conj.—then, when; ME tho, thoo

þa—dem. prn., pl.

þanne, þonne, þeonne, adu.— then, when; ME þ an, þenne

þеr, þar, adu.— there, where; ME þer, ther, there

þet—1) that—dem. prn.; 2) that—co; ME that, thet

þe— relative particle, often enclitically joined to pronouns or adverbs

þё—s. þu

þeah, adv., conj.— though, yet; ME theigh, superseded by "though"

þæZn, þеZеn, n.m.a—thane, retainer, follower, servant, man, warrior

þeh—s. þeah

þencan, wv. 1, irr., p.t, þiohte—to think; ME þenchen, thenkan, þinken

þeod, þiod, n.f.o —people, nation, languag e (but more often geþeode); ME þeod, þede

þeos, þis, dem. prn.— this

þeostru, þiestru, n.f.o— darkness (often used in the plur al); ME þestere, þustre, þeostre

þeow, n.m.a, or þeowa, n.m.n—servant; ME þewe, þieu

þider, þyder, adv.— to that place, thither

þin, poss. prn.—thy, thine; ME thene, thy, thi

þyncan, wu. 1, irr., p.t. þuhte—'to seem, appear; in MnE merged with þ encan; ME þunchen, þ enche

þing, n. n. a— thing, object, conduct, meeting, court; ME thing, thinge

þonne, adv.— then, than; s. þanne

þrawan, sv. 1, p.t. þreow—to turn, twist, torture; cf. to thiow, twist; ME thrawen, throwe—to turn, throw

þreo, num.— three; ME three, thre, thrie

þry—s. þreo

þridda, num.— third; s. tireo

þritio, num.— thirty;

þurfan, v., prf.-prs. þearf; þurfon; þorfte—to be in need of smth., need to do smth.

þurh,þuruh, prp., ad— through

U

under, prp., adv.—under; ME under

underZeat—s. undersietan

underZietan, underZetan, sv. 5— to understand, perceive

unlifisend, adj.— lifeless

unlucan, sv. 2—to unlock; un+lucan, sv. 2;

unnan, ann, unnon, u., prt.-prs., p.t. uþe—to grant, do a favour; ME unnen

unspēdiZ, adj.— without means, poor

upp, up. odn.—up; ME up

uppon, prp.— upon; ME upon

ūt, adv.—out; ME out, oute

ūtbrinZan, v. irr.—to bring out; s. ut+brinsan

W

wealcan, sv. 7, p.f. weolc—to roll, toss (of water), move; walk; ME walken

wæron = were; s. beon

wæs = was; s. beon

we, prs. prn.—we

weald, n.m.a— forest; ME walde

weall, n.m.a—wall; ME wal

weZ, n.m.a —way; on weg—away; ME wey, way

wel, adv.— well, quite; ME wel, wæl

wendan, wv. 1— to turn, move, change; go; translate; ME wenden -to go, turn, change one's course;

weorc, n.n.a— work, performance, labour, fortress; ME werk, work

weorold, woruld, n.f.i —world, state of existence, men and things upon earth; an age, a person's lifetime; ME world, werld;

weorold-cund, adj.— earthly, temporal

weorþan, sv. 3— to become, come to be, arise, happen; ME wurpen, refers to future

weorpan, sv, 3 —to throw, fling; ME werpen

wesan, sv. 5 (no plple)—to be; only p.f. forms are preserved, the present tense forms are suppletive to wesan; ME only finite p.t, forms: wes, was, weren, were, wieren

wician, wv, 2— to dwell; ME wikien

wid, adj.— wide, broad; ME wide

widuwe, wuduwe, weoduwe, n.f.n— widow; ME widewe

wīf, n.n. a—wife, woman; ME wife, wif

wifman, n.m.cons.— woman; ME wummon, wifmon, wimman;

willan, wyllan, v. irr,, p.t. wolde—to wish, will, intend, to be about to (of future action): ME willen

window, n.— window, ME windose

winnan, sv. 3— to toil hard, labour; make war, fight; win; ME winnen

winter, n.m.a—winter; a year; ME winter

wyrcan, wircan, wv. 1, irr., p.t. worhte—to work, labour, make, construct, perform; ME wirken, wirchen, wurchen

wyrsa/wiersa, adj, (сотр. to yfel)—worse; ME wurs, wars

wis, adj.—wise, judicious; ME wise

wise, n.m.a —way, manner, mode, state; ME wise

wisdom, n.m.a— wisdom; ME wisdom

wita, n.m.n—a wise man: counsellor; ME wite

witan, c. prt.-prs., prt. twat, witon, p.t, wiste—to know; ME witen

wið, prp.— against, with; ME wid, with

word, n.n.a—word; ME word

word-Zyd, n.n.i—a lay, song

worhte—s. wyrcan

worold—s. weorold

wrecan, sv. 5—to drive, press, punish, take vengeance on; ME wreken

wreccan, wv. 1, irr., p.t. wreahte—to raise, lift, rouse; ME wrecchen

wrecche, adj.— wretched; s. wrecan

writan, sv. 1—to write; ME writen

writere, n.m.ja— writer; scribe; s. writan+ suff. -ere

wudu, wiodu, widu, n.m.a—wood; forest; ME wude, wode

wulf, n.m.a—a wolf; ME wolf

wundian, Zewundian, wv. 2—to wound; ME wunden, wound

wundor, n.n.a—wonder, smth. that excites wonder, feeling of wonder, ad­miration; ME wunder, wonder

wundorlic, adj. —wonderful; wundor(s.) + suff. -lic

wundrian, wv. 2— to wonder, feel surprise; ME wundrie, wondren

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Дата добавления: 2015-10-21