I.M. Sechenov

I.M. Sechenov (1829-1905) was a prominent Russian scientist, the founder of Russian physiology and scientific psychology.

The range of Sechenov's scientific interests and the number of his research works are really great. 106 scientific works were written by him. In these works he included the findings which he had observed and determined before. Some of his research works were connected with the investigation of the blood gases and their role in the respiratory process.

I. M. Sechenov isolated the blood gases and found out that most of the blood gases were combined with erythrocytes. No physiologist had been able to do it before Sechenov. On the basis of his observations the scientist came to the conclusion that hemoglobin was that substance of the blood which accomplished the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the respiratory process. Physiologists of many countries who had worked on this problem before Sechenov could not estimate the role of hemoglobin in the act of respiration. So the accomplishment of the respiratory process is due to hemoglobin.

I. M. Sechenov investigated the process of absorption of carbon dioxide by the solutions of salts. When he had completed his investigations, he proved that only 2/3 of carbon dioxide was dissolved in plasma. The rest of carbon dioxide was combined with red blood cells. The transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs was due to the law of gas diffusion from fluid into the air. When Sechenov had investigated this phenomenon, he was able to answer the question why oxygen passed into the blood from atmospheric gases during the act of respiration.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 6. Answer the following questions:

1. Who was I.M. Sechenov?

2. How many scientific works did he write?

3. What were some of his research works connected with?

4. What did I.M. Sechenov find out about the blood gasses?

5. What conclusion about hemoglobin did he come to?

6. What is the accomplishment of respiratory process due to?

7. What did I.M. Sechenov prove, when he had completed his investigations of the process of absorption of carbon dioxide by the solutions of salts?

8. What is the transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs due to?

Exercise 7. Translate the word combinations into English:

Завершення процесу дихання, дослідження газів крові, виділяти гази крові, поєднуватися з еритроцитами, прийти до висновку, на підставі спостережень, обмін кисню та вуглекислого газу, працювати над проблемою, оцінювати роль гемоглобіну, поглинання вуглекислого газу, розчин солі, розчинятися у плазмі, переміщення вуглекислого газу з крові до легень, закон дифузії газy, залишок вуглекислого газу, досліджувати явище.

Exercise 8. Match the words and word combinations with their definitions:

1. Findings   2. erythrocyte   3. blood gases   4. hemoglobin   5. psychology   6. physiology   7. respiratory process

- a measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in your blood - the process by which an organism takes oxygen into its body and then releases carbon dioxide from its body - the study of the normal functioning of an organism during life and of the activities by which life is maintained - the scientific study of all forms of human and animal behavior - the results of tests or investigations - red blood cell, which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues - a conjugated (кон’югований) protein, that gives red blood cells their characteristic color

Exercise 10. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. 106 scientific works were written by him.

2. Some of his research works were connected with the investigation of the blood gases and their role in the respiratory process.

3. I. M. Sechenov isolated the blood gases.

4. Physiologists who had worked on this problem before Sechenov, could not estimate the role of hemoglobin in the act of respiration.

5. I. M. Sechenov investigated the process of absorption of carbon dioxide by the solutions of salts.

6. Only 2/3 of carbon dioxide was dissolved in plasma.

7. The rest of carbon dioxide was combined with red blood cells.

8. When Sechenov had investigated this phenomenon, he was able to answer the question why oxygen passed into the blood from atmospheric gases

Exercise 11. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the proper tense form, translate the sentences:

1. When he finally (come) round, he couldn’t remember what (happen).

2. You (not make) a mistake? - No, I’m sure I …

3. When I came in they (sit) round the table discussing some problems.

4. There is something in his mind but he (not tell) what it is.

5. Who (investigate) this phenomenon?

6. It’s a serious injury but he (walk) again in six weeks.

7. Нe (swallow) the medicine quickly.

8. The nurse (put) a bandage round his bleeding knee.

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