Exercise 8. Work in pairs. Translate the following two texts into Ukrainian. Use

Vocabulary 3–4 and Exercises ЗА – 4A in case of difficulties.

TEXT 3

Intentional Interference. Torts in this category include, for example: assault, battery,

false arrest and false imprisonment. Assault is threatening violence, and battery is actual

physical violence. If a person tries to hit another person, it is an assault whether or not he

hits the other person. If he hits the other person, it is battery. Assault alone may be enough

to give rise to a cause of action.

False arrest and false imprisonment are essentially the same. Both involve an unlawful

detention of the plaintiff which the defendant knows, or should know, is unlawful.

Defamation. Defamation is a false or derogatory statement about another. It may be li-

bel (which is written) or slander (which is spoken). The injury in libel or slander is an injury

to reputation, including: morals, ability, business practices, or financial status. Common,

malicious gossip may be sufficiently defamatory to justify liability for slander or libel.

Invasion of Privacy. The law recognizes some intrusions upon privacy as so outra-

geous that they warrant liability in a tort action. Examples include publishing her name, pic-

ture, or private information about her, or using her personality for commercial purposes.

TEXT 4

Traffic Accidents. If a person drives or owns a car, he may at some time be involved in

an accident, which may in turn involve him in a lawsuit. In addition, there are some things

not required by law but which are advisable for a driver to do (or avoid) after an accident.

Suggestions. Generally, a driver should not move his car until the police arrive. The

car should be moved if it is a traffic hazard and might be involved in another accident. If

possible, the driver should try to warn other drivers of any danger.

The driver should get the names and addresses of the other drivers and their insurance

carriers, as well as the names of all passengers (even though apparently uninjured), and the

names and addresses of all persons who may be witnesses. If it is not possible to get all of

the above information, the driver should at least get license numbers.

The driver should take notes concerning the accident and its circumstances. For ex-

ample the driver should take notes of all statements, and make a sketch of the scene. The

sketch should include: the positions of the cars before, at, and immediately after the acci-

dent; the location of skid marks and debris (pieces of chrome, broken glass, etc.).

If anyone is seriously injured, they should be made comfortable; they should not be

moved unless there is an emergency. Medical aid should be summoned at once. Untrained

persons should not attempt to give first aid unless the need is clear; for example, the victim

is bleeding to death, is in deep shock, or has stopped breathing.

Exercise 9. Work in pairs. Study the Vocabulary below and then translate the fol-

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