Full Title Magneto-Optic Indicator Film Technique for the Observation of Magnetic Field Distribution in Superconductors and Magnetic Material Tech Area / Field

• PHY-OPL: Physics / Optics and Lasers
• CHE-SYN: Chemistry / Basic and Synthetic Chemistry
• MAT-CER: Materials / Ceramics
• INF-ELE: Information and Communications / Microelectronics and Optoelectronics

Brief Description of Technology
A new method for the observation of magnetic field distribution in superconductors and magnetic materials has been developed. A magnetic field is visualized by using a magneto-optic indicator film, due to the Faraday rotation of the polarization plane of polarized light passing through the film. Compared to other similar methods (application of europium chalcogenide coatings, magneto-optic glass), this method has a higher sensitivity and functions in a wider temperature range (up to ~ 400 K). Besides that, our method is very simple and quick, which allows to use it for the inspection of non-destructive samples. We can now observe magnetic field distributions with a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm, and a sensitivity with respect to the field magnitude as high as 0.1 Oe. The operation range of our indicators is from 0 to ~2000 Oe.

Legal Aspects
Our indicator films are used in several institutions around the world for spatially resolved studies of magnetization processes in superconductors and magnetic materials.

The following awards have been received for the development of the magnetic flux imaging system (MFIS):
— This technique has been selected by the R&D Magazine as one of the 100 most technologically significant new products of the year 1996.
— A Federal Laboratory Consortium Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer has been received in 1997.

Special Facilities in Use and Their Specifications
For studies of superconductors we use a home-made optical helium flow-type cryostat. The cryostat is placed on the stage of an optical microscope and allows us to perform experiments in the temperature range from 6 K up to room temperature.

Scientific Papers
More than 100 scientific papers have been published in relation to this research. Below, some of the most important references are given.

L.A.Dorosinskii, M.V.Indenbom, V.I.Nikitenko, Ju.A.Ossip'yan, A.A.Polyanskii, V.K.Vlasko-Vlasov. Study of high-T_c single crystal magnetization features using indicator ferrimagnetic films with in-plane anisotropy. Physica C 203 (1992) 149-156.

L.A.Dorosinskii, M.V.Indenbom, V.I.Nikitenko, A.A.Polyanskii, V.K.Vlasko-Vlasov, R.L.Prosorov. Magnetooptic observation of the Meissner effect in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-X single crystals. Physica C 206 (1993) 360-366.

V.K.Vlasko-Vlasov, L.A.Dorosinskii, A.A.Polyanskii, V.I.Nikitenko, U.Welp, B.W.Veal, G.W.Crabtree. Study of the influence of individual twin boundaries on the magnetic flux penetration in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-d. Phys.Rev.Lett. 72 (1994) 3246-3249.

L.A. Dorosinskii, A.A.Polyanskii. Magneto-optical measurements of the surface step of magnetic induction in YBa₂Cu₃O₇ single crystals: Direct evidence of the influence of the surface barrier. Phys.Rev.B. 50 (1994) 501-505.

L.A.Dorosinskii, A.Hubert, K.Reber. Magneto-optical observation of the surface barrier in Y-Ba-Cu-O single crystals in a field along the ab crystalline plane. Physica C 256 (1996) 319-323.

M.V.Indenbom, H.Kronmuller, T.W.Li, P.H.Kes, A.A.Menovsky. Equilibrium magnetic properties and Meissner expulsion of magnetic flux in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x single crystals. Physica C 222 (1994) 203-211.

M.V.Indenbom, G.D’Anna, M.-O.Andre, V.V.Kabanov, W.Benoit. Edge-shape barrier irreversibility and decomposition of vortices in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈. Physica C 235-240 (1994)201-204.

U.Welp, D.O.Gunter, G.W.Crabtree, W.Zhong, U.Balachandran, P.Haldar, R.S.Sokolowski, V.K.Vlasko-Vlasov, V.I.Nikitenko. Imaging of transport currents in superconducting (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x. Nature 376 (1995) 44-46.

J.A.PArrel, A.A.Polyanskii, A.E.Pashitskii, D.C.Larbalestier. Direct evidence for residual, preferentially-oriented cracks in rolled and pressed Ag-clad BSCCO-2223 tapes and their effect on critical current density. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 9 (1996) 393-398.

M.V.Indenbom, C.J. van der Beek, V.Berseth, W.Benoit, G.D’Anna, A.Erb, E.Walker, R.Fluekiger. Magneto-optical observation of twisted vortices in type-II superconductors. Nature 385 (1997) 702-705.

L.H. Bennett, R.D. McMichael, L.J. Swartzendruber, S. Hua, D.S. Lashmor, A.J. Shapiro, V.S. Gornakov, L.M. Dedukh, and V.I. Nikitenko, Magneto-optical indicator film observation of domain structure in magnetic multilayers Appl. Phys. Lett.66, 888-890 (1995).

V.T.Synogach and V.S.Gornakov, Experimental study of local dynamic potential well of isolated domain walls. IEEE Trans. Magn., 1994, 30, 4921 - 4923.

L.H. Bennett, R.D. McMichael, L.J. Swartzendruber, S. Hua, D.S. Lashmor, A.J. Shapiro, V.S. Gornakov, L.M. Dedukh, and V.I. Nikitenko, Dynamics of domain structure in magnetic multilayers. IEEE Trans. Magn., 31, 4088-4090, 1995.

V.I. Nikitenko, V.S. Gornakov, L.M. Dedukh, L.H. Bennett, R.D. McMichael, L.J. Swartzendruber, S. Hua, D.S. Lashmor, and A.J. Shapiro, Direct experimental study of domain structure in magnetic multilayers. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp.Proc. 384, 1995, 277 - 282.

V.T.Synogach, V.S.Gornakov, and V.I.Nikitenko, Dynamical changes of the local dynamic potential well of the polarized domain wall. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1996, 153, 320 - 322.

V.I. Nikitenko, V.S. Gornakov, L.M. Dedukh, A.F.Khapikov, V.N.Matveev, V.I.Levashov, L.H. Bennett, R.D. McMichael, L.J. Swartzendruber, A.J.Shapiro, and M.Donahue, Magnetization processes of ferromagnetic Co-Ag granular thin films. J. Appl. Phys., 79, 5315 - 5317, 1996.

V.I. Nikitenko, V.S. Gornakov, L.M. Dedukh, Yu.P. Kabanov, A.F.Khapikov, L.H. Bennett, W.F.Egelhoff, Jr., P. Chen, R.D. McMichael, L.J. Swartzendruber, A.J.Shapiro, and H.J. Donahue, Magneto-optical indicator film study of the magnetization of a symmetric spin valve. IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, 4639 - 4641, 1996.

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