Full Title Deformation Polishing and Deformation Welding of Solids Tech Area / Field

• MAT-SYN: Materials / Materials Synthesis and Processing
• PHY-OPL: Physics / Optics and Lasers

Brief Description of Technology
New methods for the preparation of optically smooth surfaces with various geometry (deformation polishing) and optically and mechanically perfect connections of transparent materials without the use of glue (deformation welding) have been developed. Both methods are based on the flattening of a solid surface by local plastic deformation, induced by pressure applied by an optically smooth die (deformation polishing) or by the opposite surface of the same material (deformation welding). In both cases the opposite surfaces are pressed to each other up to inter-atomic distances, resulting in the perfect replication of the die's profile (deformation polishing) or in the perfect connection of the pieces (deformation welding). The deformation polishing method has several advantages over the usual abrasive polishing, including manifold economy of labor efforts and abrasive materials, minimization of ecologically dangerous remnants of abrasive and processed materials, excellent opportunities for the replication of complex optical profiles (for computer optics, non-spherical lenses, diffraction gratings, etc.), and an essential improvement of mechanical and chemical surface stability. The deformation welding provides good economic facilities for manufacturing optical and scintillation elements with very large dimensions or unusual geometry.

Legal Aspects
The technologies are protected by three patents of Russia, and two more Russian patents have been applied for. The Institute of Solid State Physics has arranged the production of infrared optics from alkali halides by means of deformation polishing.

Special Facilities in Use and Their Specifications
Deformation polishing and deformation welding methods require pressing machines that are supplied with furnaces for heating of the materials to be processed (the heating temperature depends on the solid material to be processed).

Scientific Papers
N.V.Klassen, S.I.Makhonin, S.Z.Shmurak et.al., "Deformation and thermal treatment application in heavy scintillators production", in "Heavy scintillators for scientific and industrial applications", Proceedings of the "Crystal 2000" International Workshop, Chamonix, France, 1992, p. 587 - 591.

N.V.Klassen, S.I.Makhonin, S.Z.Shmurak et.al., "Deformation welding of scintillating materials", in "Scintillator and Phosphor Materials", Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, vol. 348, p. 561 - 565, San Francisco, 1994.

Makhonin S.I, Klassen N.V. et.al., patent of Russian Federation No 15440044 for the invention "Method of manufacturing optical components for high power CO₂-lasers", Invention Priority 1988.

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