Introduction

“…Global warming is not out of control, but the threat remains…”

(“Safe the Environment”- Scientific Journal, 2012)

There is no secret that the global change in climate is the main topic of discussion in recent years and problem is not in global climate change – climate changes always, but the speed of these changes raised. This is a serious problem for humanity and for planet itself; - fast changes in climate directly affect human life and nature, its adaptation.

The first signs are around us – frequent floods, earthquakes, tornadoes and storms, tsunamis, melting of ice in oceans and mountains, etc. – all these are results of climate change. Over the past decades, the number of such events has increased and the force of destruction risen several times.

Main factor of these changes – is increased level of greenhouse gases (GHG) and as a result changes in temperature and concentration of harmful gases.

Increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) has a greatest effect on global climate and creates changes in world.

Anthropogenic emissions, such as industries and transportation modes, which include carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and methane (CH4) emissions – are the most harmful pollutants. These elements and many others – affect the global change of climate directly by heating the atmosphere and as a result – contributes to the formation of additional greenhouse gases.[3]

Impact of shipping on global environment plays important role in our life.

With technical and scientific evolutions in transportation, we create fantastic ships, which may replace huge amounts of land- or air- transportation modes by transferring greater quantities of cargo from one place to other and which make it faster and cheaper. For the last twenty years, shipping trade has grown up.

The international shipping industry is responsible for the carriage of about 90% of world trade. And in the same time the most carbon efficient mode - 2.7-3.0% of global emissions: vessels burns about 350 million ton of heavy fuel per year.[4]

Along with fuel combustion and air pollution, shipping transport dumps wastes and bilge water, ballast water and wash water from tankers, emits exhaust gases, leaches anti-foul paints, pollutes the environment with toxic materials, etc. A lot of rubbish washes ashore – all these create imbalance and pollution in ecosystems of ocean waters and coastline zone.[5]

If not to take any action to reduce emissions, the world around us, as we know it, will change for the worse in the nearest future.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-20