Text 8 A Wonder Metal

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

impurity

compound

to isolate

to corrode

medium (media)

to forge

to stamp

refractory

oxygen

nitrogen

impact strength

II. Выпишите из текста именные группы и переведите их.

III. Укажите способ словообразования следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:

impurity, nearly, endless, lightness, useful, investigator, sharpen, supersonic, aircraft

IV. Найдите в первом абзаце слово, которое относится к "ложным друзьям" переводчика. Выпишите в словарь правильное значение этого слова.

V. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, переведите выражения " to begin with ", " to be of interest (value) " и запомните их.

VI. Найдите в третьем абзаце инфинитив, определите его функцию и переведите на русский язык вместе с относящимися к нему словами.

VII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив:

a. 1. To know the main properties of a metal is very important for an engineer.

2. To know the main properties of a metal it must be tested on special machines.

3. Various copper alloys are knows to be used for engineering purposes.

4. We know various copper alloys to be used for engineering purposes.

5. Different alloying elements are said to influence the properties of steel.

6. Different alloying elements are used to influence the properties of steel.

7. Special machines permit metals to be tested for strength.

8. Special machines are used for metals to be tested for strength.

b. 1. Titanium is too active to be found free in nature.

2. To make aluminium harder it is necessary to mix some other metals with it.

3. To make all industrial processes automatic is of great importance.

4. Nickel is used for covering iron and brasses to make them look better.

5. India appears to have been acquainted with iron and steel from an early age.

6. It is to be remembered that engineering makes the most important sector of industry.

7. Everybody knows Belorussian machine builders to have achieved a high technical level of production.

8. Russian scientist Petroff was the first to prove that metals can be changed by friction.

9. Grey cast iron is used for the parts not to be subjected to great tensile stresses.

VIII. Проанализируйте следующее предложение третьего абзаца, определите функцию всех местоимений " it ". Переведите предложение на русский язык:

It was the impurities with which it was usually associated (it forms compounds easily with nearly every known element) that made it brittle.

IX. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, подберите правильное значение для глагола " to cost " в первом предложении четвертого абзаца, предварительно определив функцию " it " в начале этого предложения, а также функцию инфинитивов " to isolate " и " to start ". Переведите предложение на русский язык.

X. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Третий и четвертый абзацы переведите письменно.

1. Titanium is a silvery-white metal which melts at approximately 1668°C and has a specific gravity of 4.505. Commercially pure titanium possesses high strength properties.

2. The story of titanium is extraordinary. To begin with, it was discovered twice. A British scientist, William Gregor, found it first and called it menachanite, and six years later, in 1797, M.H. Klaproth, a German chemist, also found it and gave it its present name.

3. For many years, titanium was of interest only to research chemists -- it was considered too brittle to be of any practical value. Yet it was the impurities with which it was usually associated (it forms compounds easily with nearly every known element) that made it brittle.

4. It cost the chemists in many countries endless efforts to isolate pure titanium and even more to start producing it commercially. In 1948 the world stock of pure titanium was only ten tons. Today the output is much larger.

5. Titanium has one surprising property -- it is completely inert in biological media. It is being used to make artificial joints and many other things necessary in surgery (traumatology and orthopedics). Titanium instruments do not corrode, and are thirty per cent lighter than instruments made of stainless steel.

6. Titanium's high standard of corrosion resistance, lightness, tensile strength, and the ease of forging, rolling and stamping are finding it more and more uses. Titanium alloys are very useful in mechanical engineering, and for chemical and refractory apparatus. Titanium helped Russian design engineers to surmount the sound and heat barriers in supersonic and high-altitude aircraft designing. On earth, it shows good work at chemical plants, in the pulp-and-paper and food industries. However, even very small amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in titanium alloys sharply reduce the ductility. A carbon content of more than 0.2% reduces both the ductility and impact strength of a titanium alloy.

XI. Составьте аннотацию текста.

XII. Подготовьте сообщение о цветных металлах на примере любого цветного металла, о котором не говорилось в рассмотренных текстах.

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