Text 6 Non-ferrous Metals. Aluminium

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

pure

brass

bronze

copper

tin

lead

zinc

to reduce

density

to shape

to roll

tensile strength

II. Уточните в обычном англо-русском словаре значения наречия " too ". Обратите внимание на перевод этого слова перед прилагательными и наречиями. Выпишите значения в свои словари. Переведите следующие предложения:

a. 1. You are going too fast, slow down.

2. We got there too late and missed the plane.

3. It was too good an opportunity to miss.

4. The material is too soft to be used in this experiment.

b. 1. I enjoyed that film. — Yes, I liked it too.

2. Won't you come too?

3. This material is hard and can be used in the experiment, too.

III. Выпишите первое предложение первого абзаца, проанализируйте его, определите функцию " one " и переведите предложение на русский язык.

IV. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию " one ":

1. One casting had some defects.

2. One must know the characteristics of engineering materials.

3. The second half of the 19^th century is characterized by the transition from the iron age to the steel one.

4. Aluminium is one of the oldest and best known non-ferrous metals.

V. Выпишите из первого и второго абзацев сказуемые в страдательном залоге, в составе которых есть модальные глаголы, и переведите их вместе с относящимися к ним подлежащими.

VI. Найдите в первом абзаце инфинитивы в функции обстоятельства и переведите их вместе с относящимися к ним словами.

VII. Найдите во втором абзаце предложение с оборотом "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом" и переведите его.

VIII. Найдите во втором абзаце предложения с оборотом "сложное дополнение с инфинитивом" и переведите его.

IX. Сравните следующие пары предложений с инфинитивными оборотами. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Physical and chemical properties of metals are known to affect their application.

2. We know physical and chemical properties of metals to affect their application.

3. The new alloy is reported to be used for producing machine parts.

4. They report the new alloy to be used for producing machine parts.

5. The metal was thought to have been tested for tensile strength.

6. They thought the metal to have been tested for tensile strength.

X. Найдите во втором абзаце предложение, в котором "that" выполняет функцию слова-заместителя. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

XI. Проанализируйте предпоследнее предложение второго абзаца, определите функцию слова "it". переведите предложение на русский язык.

XII. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Первый абзац переведите письменно.

1. Non-ferrous metals are more expensive than ferrous ones and are used only when some characteristic not possessed by iron or steel is essential or desirable in application. These characteristics are high electrical and thermal conductivity, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetic qualities, light weight, etc. For most purposes the pure non-ferrous metals are too soft and other alloying elements have to be added to develop particular physical properties as required by each application. For this purpose non-ferrous metals are mixed in various proportions to form different alloys such as brasses, bronzes and aluminium alloys which can be strong, weak, hard or soft. The metals most frequently used to make non-ferrous metal castings are aluminium, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, lead.

2. We know aluminium to be one of the best known light metals. Aluminium was first produced in the laboratory in 1825 by reducing aluminium chloride. However, wide acceptance of aluminium as an engineering material did not occur until World War II. Since then the use of aluminium has steadily increased each year. Aluminium is said to be a white silvery metal that does not rust in the air. Its good corrosion resistance and low density permit it to be widely used in the field of transportation. It is to be noted that aluminium is highly ductile and can be shaped easily by a wide variety of methods and can be rolled. The tensile strength of aluminium is low in comparison with that of iron. Good electrical conductivity of the metal makes it suitable for many applications in the electrical industry. Everybody knows aluminium to be extensively used for castings that must be light in weight, light in colour or that must not rust. To make aluminium harder it is necessary to add some other metals to it. Copper, zinc and iron are the metals that alloy freely with aluminium.

XIII. Составьте аннотацию текста.

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