Text 5 Alloy Steels

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

high-speed steel

self-hardening steel

heat-resistant steel

stainless steel

shock resistant

vibration resistant

manganese

tungsten

II. Выпишите из третьего абзаца именные группы и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения.

III. Укажите способ словообразования следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:

percentage, stainless, passivity, fairly, conductor, conductivity, desirable

IV. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, уточнив и подобрав с помощью обычного англо-русского словаря правильные значения существительных " addition " и " turn ":

1. In addition to carbon an alloying element is present.

2. In addition, malleable iron is the most easily machined.

3. He asked each of us in turn.

4. They are divided into special alloy steels and high-speed steels which, in turn, are also called self-hardening steels.

V. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, переведите выражение "to have a definite effect" и запомните его.

VI. Проверьте по англо-русскому словарю значения слова "since" и запишите их в свои словари.

VII. Выпишите из первого абзаца предложения со словом 'that", определите его функции и переведите предложения на русский язык.

VIII. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции "that (those)":

1. That method of treatment is very effective.

2. Hardness is the property of metals that can be defined as resistance to wear.

3. The properties of alloys are much better than those of pure metals.

4. Alloy steels are those in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present.

5. One must know that steel is a ferrous material with some carbon content.

IX. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, предварительно повторив степени сравнения прилагательных. Помните, что русская сравнительная степень после сочетаний в два раза, в три раза и т.д. передается в английском языке прилагательным в положительной степени, стоящим между as … as:

1. Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.

2. Their house is about three times as big as ours.

3. Prices have increased by as much as 300 per cent.

4. This box is three times as heavy as that.

X. Найдите в тексте предложения с оборотом " сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом " и переведите их письменно.

XI. Трансформируйте следующие предложения, используя оборот " сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом ":

1. It is expected that the new alloy will be used for the working parts of machines.

2. It is known that alloying elements influence the mechanical properties of steel.

3. It seems that these castings need greater strength and better wearing qualities.

4. It has been proved that adding some tungsten and molybdenum improves heat resistance of steel.

XII. Выпишите из второго и третьего абзацев инфинитивы, определите их функции и переведите вместе с относящимися к ним словами.

XIII. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Третий абзац переведите письменно.

1. Alloy steels are steels in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is known to be present. They are divided into special alloy steels and high-speed steels which, in turn, are called "self-hardening steels". Alloying elements of these steels are: nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, etc. These alloying elements are said to have a definite effect on the characteristics of the steel. Nickel, for example, increases its strength and hardness. Vanadium makes steel corrosion, shock and vibration-resistant. The addition of some tungsten and molybdenum gives heat-resistant steel. A high percentage of chromium makes steel rust-resistant and in this case it is called "stainless steel". This steel resists corrosion from many environments because it exhibits passivity, e.g. in oxidizing environments. Stainless steels are fairly poor conductors of both heat and electricity compared with carbon steels. Thermal conductivity is usually less than half that of carbon steels. The electrical resistivity of stainless steels can be six times as much as that of carbon steel.

2. High-speed steel contains certain elements alloyed with the steel to develop definite desirable properties chief of which is the ability to withstand a higher speed.

3. Since steel is the most popular structural material available, steel-makers make every effort to meet the changing needs of the markets. New, more sophisticated processes for steel-making and treatment have led to steel products of higher grade and greater variety.

XIV. Составьте аннотацию текста.

XV. Подготовьте устное сообщение о черных металлах.

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