Text 3 Ferrous Metals. Cast Iron

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

ferrous, non-ferrous

ductile

iron

cast iron

malleable iron

carbon

silicon

‘content (n.)

alloying element

tension

shear

fracture

tensile stress

casting (n.)

II. Переведите следующие именные группы, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения:

world consumption; carbon content; iron-carbon alloy; graphite state; malleable iron castings

III. Укажите способ словообразования следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:

metallic, consumption, mixture, addition, additional, additive, compression, compressible, compressibility, compressor, desirable

IV. Выпишите из обычного англо-русского словаря все значения слова " special ". Переведите следующие словосочетания, подобрав правильное значение указанного слова:

special properties; special devices; special colour; special interest; special feature

V. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, переведите выражение " that is why " и запомните его.

VI. Найдите в тексте три предложения с формальным подлежащим " it ". Переведите подлежащее вместе со сказуемым на русский язык.

VII. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. It is necessary to determine the tensile strength of the alloy.

2. Since this metal is very soft it is necessary to mix some other metals with it.

3. It is unlikely that this alloy will be hard.

4. It is known that metals and alloys are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous.

5. It is to be mentioned that malleable iron is much stronger than grey iron.

VIII. Найдите в первом абзаце предложение, в котором глагол " to have " является модальным. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

IX. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции глагола " to have ":

1. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals have found wide application in industry.

2. The application of metals has to be based on their properties.

3. Many experiments have been done to improve the properties of grey iron castings.

4. Some metals have to be melted at very high temperatures.

X. Выпишите из второго и третьего абзацев инфинитивы в функции определения и переведите их вместе с определяемыми существительными.

XI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитивы:

1. Ferrous metals contain iron to be combined with carbon, silicon, phosphorus and other elements.

2. In order to improve the qualities of grey iron castings a lot of experiments have been done.

3. To increase hardness and strength of some metals is very important for engineering design.

4. For most purposes pure non-ferrous metals are too soft and some alloying elements have to be mixed with them.

XII. Выпишите из четвертого абзаца сказуемые в страдательном залоге и переведите их вместе с относящимися к ним подлежащими.

XIII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сказуемые в страдательном залоге:

1. The student is asked to describe the properties of grey cast iron.

2. Grey cast iron is easily machined.

3. The properties of a metal are influenced by heat treatment.

XIV. Проанализируйте и переведите на русский язык следующее предложение. Проверьте по англо-русскому словарю значение слова " as ":

However, malleable iron castings are seldom used in the form they come from the moulds as they are hard and brittle and therefore they should be annealed.

XV. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Второй абзац переведите письменно.

1. Although there are very many metallic elements it is customary to divide metals and alloys into two major categories, ferrous and non-ferrous. Ferrous metals contain iron, an element that has a chemical symbol Fe and is the father of the ferrous family. It is to be noted that pure iron is soft, ductile and relatively weak. It is not normally used as an engineering material because of its low strength. That is why iron has to be combined with other elements such as carbon, silicon, phosphorous, etc. Carbon is the most important of all elements present in ferrous alloys. Some 94% of the total world consumption of metallic materials is in the form of steels and cast irons — the two most important forms of ferrous metals. Steels and cast irons are both alloys, or mixtures of iron and carbon which differ in the quantity of carbon content.

2. Cast iron is the cheapest of the ferrous metals. Cast iron is a general term to be applied to iron-carbon alloys containing more than 2.14% of carbon. Cast iron without the addition of alloying elements is weak in tension and shear, strong in compression and has low resistance to impact.

3. Grey cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon is present in free or graphite state. Grey cast iron has its term because of special colour of its fracture. It is soft, easily machined and only moderately brittle. It is used for the parts not to be subjected to great tensile stresses.

4. Many castings that were formerly made of grey cast iron are now made of malleable iron because malleable iron is much stronger than grey iron castings. However, malleable iron castings are seldom used in the form they come from the moulds, as they are hard and brittle, and therefore they should be annealed. Malleable iron before annealing is usually spoken of as white iron. White iron is difficult to machine because most of the carbon present is in chemical combination with iron. It is desirable to use it in those machines that require some resistance to abrasion.

XVI. Составьте аннотацию текста.

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