Text 7 Copper and Copper Alloys. Nickel

Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.

I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:

acid

base

manganese bronze

phosphor bronze

straight bronze

finish

II. Назовите приставки в следующих словах. Переведите слова на русский язык:

prehistoric, premachining, preprepared, imbalance, immobilize, inactive, undersize, undersurface, unfinished

III. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, подберите правильный перевод слова " common " в следующих словосочетания:

common bronze, common alloying element, common interests, common man, common facts

IV. Переведите следующие сочетания, обращая внимание на разницу в переводе " a number of " (несколько, некоторое количество) и " the number of " (количество):

a number of alloying elements — the number of alloying elements;

a number of machine parts produced — the number of machine parts produced;

a number of industrial enterprises — the number of industrial enterprises

V. Переведите на русский язык следующие сочетания модального глагола " may " с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге:

may be treated; may be added; may be used; may be alloyed

VI. Найдите в первом и втором абзацах инфинитивы в функции обстоятельства и переведите их на русский язык вместе с относящимися к ним словами.

VII. Найдите в первом и третьем абзацах предложения с оборотом " сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом " и переведите их.

VIII. Объясните разницу в переводе подлежащего " it " во втором и третьем предложениях третьего абзаца.

IX. Определите функцию инфинитива в последнем предложении третьего абзаца и переведите предложение на русский язык.

X. Переведите следующие предложения с оборотом " сложное дополнение с инфинитивом ":

1. The addition of tin enables rust-resistant properties to be improved.

2. Nickel enables strength and hardness of steel to be increased.

3. Alloying elements permit different properties of steel to be changed.

4. Certain elements contained in high speed steel allow it to withstand a higher speed.

5. Special machines permit metals to be tested for strength.

XI. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Третий абзац переведите письменно.

1. Historically, copper, a reddish-brown, tough metal, became one of the first engineering metals. It is known to have been used in prehistoric times for making weapons and tools. Later it was alloyed with tin to form bronze. Pure copper having very high electric conductivity and high corrosion-resistant qualities is a good conductor. However, copper alloys are stated to be more widely employed, chief among them are brasses and bronzes.

2. Brasses are yellowish or reddish alloys of copper and zinc in different proportions (about 60% copper and 40% zinc, but some brasses contain as high as 90% copper with only 10% zinc). An addition of tin makes brasses stronger. Brasses are very ductile and may be treated without heating them. Bronze is an alloy containing primarily copper and tin, but other elements may be added to the alloy to improve its properties such as hardness and resistance to wear. The most common bronzes are known as straight bronze, phosphor bronze, and manganese bronze.

3. Nickel, a hard, tough, shiny, and silvery metal, is found in the form of ore. It does not rust and can be polished to a very bright, silvery finish. Nickel is said to be one of the most important metals in this technological age. It is used to a large extent as an alloying addition in many steels and cast irons and in a number of non-ferrous alloys. It is to be pointed out that nickel is also used as a pure metal and as the base for a number of useful engineering materials. Pure nickel possesses an excellent resistance to corrosion by many acids. This allows it to be used in chemical engineering plants and in the food industry.

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