Module 5 Unit 3

Revise &Practice 3

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Progress Test 1

a) A lot of rubbish is floating in the sea, which is a real danger to health.

b) The problem of soil erosion that has occurred ever since the man began

destroy forests is discussed in this chapter.

c) Nuclear energy comes from the energy stored within the nuclei of atoms that

are the basic building blocks of all matter.

d) The best things in life we often take for granted such as water and air are

free.

e) The manufacture of one PC requires 28kg of liquid chemicals that have to be

neutralized by a further 11 kg of sodium hydroxide.

f) An average PC consumes 100 watts of electricity which is equivalent to a bright light bulb when switched on but not in use.

g) New machines that use no more than 30 watts are given the Energy Star Logo.

h) In 1993 the USA introduced the Energy Star Logo that eliminated the need to build 10 extra power stations.

i) In the USA computers use 5 % of commercial power which could rise to 15 %, or 100 billion kilowatt-hours per year by 2010.

j) Some factories had developed manufacturing processes that considerably cut the amount of wastes produced.

(other options are acceptable)

Progress Test 2

g) European countries formed a work group to work out the measures that will

limit computer dumping.

h) In order old computers can be used in schools and college they must be dismantled and adapted.

i) Manufacturers are encouraged to make a lot of changes to their products so that they are more easily recycled.

j) Hewlett-Packard takes back old computers, faxes, printers, etc. for disassembling the office equipment and reconditioning its components.

k) Hewlett-Packard disassembles old computing equipment, reconditions its subassemblies so that they are used as spare parts for customer’s existing equipment.

l) Manufacturers spend a lot of time and money for various retraining programmes in order to retrain designers, engineers and assembly workers to perform environmentally friendly computer design and manufacturing.

(other options are acceptable)

Progress Test 3

a) well e) confidently

b) unusually f) quickly

c) absolutely g) well//highly

d) safely h) badly

Module 6 Unit 1

Reading 4

important - key, essential, crucial, major, vital, significant, main,

indispensible, momentous

Focus on language

Practice 1

a) both … and …/as well as …

b) neither … nor …

c) either … or …

d) not only … but also …/as well as …/both … and …

e) in addition to

f) due to

g) because of

Listening 3

a) 27 July, at the White House, Washington, DC

b) The National Medal of Science - The National Science Foundation

The National Medal of Technology - the United States Department of Commerce

c) Each nominee must be a United States citizen or a permanent resident seeking citizenship.

d) The National Medal of Science is awarded for the years 2005 and 2006.

e) A committee of twelve scientists and engineers is named by the president to examine the nominees’ work on the following criteria: b) The work must affect scientific knowledge. c) how other scientists have honored each nominee in the past if he/she was, and d) how the work of each has influenced the education of future scientists through publications and teaching.

Listening 4

The National Medal of Science

The National Medal of Technology

· solid mechanics · physiology · statistics · medicine · earth science · physics (astronomy) · microbiology · genetics · organic chemistry and biology · molecular biology · mathematics · medical technologies

· production of cellular telephones, compact disc players and high-speed communication devices · design and development of safety technologies that stop the energy involved in high-speed vehicle crashes · development of the first vaccine to prevent deadly streptococcus pneumonia in children · printing industry · semiconductor industry · research into the electricity involved in medical devices · development of communication devices · developing new kinds of pictures from space and work in national security · development of lasers and lightwave communications systems

Reading 2

1) c 2) e 3) a 4) b 5) d

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