Speech patterns. Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

It was such a nice day.	Це був такий чудовий день.
The day was so nice.	День був такий чудовий.

Exercise 1. Answer the questions.

1. What is the function of a hot bolt developed by the German company Micropelt GmbH? 2. What power generates TE-Power-Bolt? 3. What are sensor nodes used for? 4. How often do TE-Power-Bolts need replacement? 5. When do sensor’s semiconductors produce current? 6. Where are the semiconductors placed? 7. Under what conditions does TE-Power-Bolt generate power?

Exercise 2. Give synonyms to the following words from the text:

a prototype, to generate, integrated, to point, to connect, to create, to monitor, precise, research, an expert, constant, output, to transmit, to evaluate.

Time for Fun

· What’s the difference between mechanical engineers and civil engineers? – Mechanical engineers build weapons. Civil engineers build targets.

· An engineer, a physicist, and a computer scientist were discussing what was the oldest profession.

The engineer claimed priority. “Look at all that matter engineered into amazing constructs like galaxies, stars, and planets”.

The physicist disagreed. “Before there were planets, the matter had to be made from chaos. Physics is responsible for all the quarks, gluons, photons, and electrons”.

The computer scientist coughed modestly. “Ah, but where do you think the chaos came from?”

· A vibration is a motion that cannot make up its mind which way it wants to go.

· A man is talking to God:

The man: God, how long is a million years?

God: To me, it’ s about a minute.

The man: God, how much is a million dollars?

God: To me it’ s a penny.

The man: God, may I have a penny?

God: Wait a minute.

· The wireless telegraph is not difficult to understand. The ordinary telegraph is like a very long cat. You pull the tail in New York, and it meows in Los Angeles. The wireless is the same, only without the cat. (Albert Einstein)

IV. Reading In Chemistry

1. Hydrogen

fusion	синтез	combustion	згоряння
to exist	існувати	viable	життєздатний
to store	зберігати	a vehicle	засіб пересування
fuel	паливо	a challenge	виклик, проблема
compression	стискання, компресія	midair	повітряний
hair bleach	освітлювач для волосся	a wound	рана, ушкодження

The chemical symbol of hydrogen is H. It is an element with atomic number 1, this means that 1 proton is found in the nucleus of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the lightest, simplest and most commonly found chemical element in the Universe, making up around 75% of its elemental mass. Hydrogen is found in large amounts in giant gas planets and stars; it plays a key role in powering stars through fusion reactions. Hydrogen is one of two important elements found in water (H₂O). Each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

In 1766, during an acid metal reaction, Henry Cavendish first formally recognized hydrogen. In 1781 he also found that hydrogen produces water when burned. While Cavendish is usually given credit for the discovery of hydrogen as an element, it had been produced by earlier scientists who were unaware of hydrogen as a unique chemical element. It wasn’t until a few years later (1783) that hydrogen was given its name. The word hydrogen comes from the Greek word hydro (meaning water) and genes (meaning creator).

Hydrogen gas has the molecular formula H₂. At room temperature and under standard pressure conditions, hydrogen is a gas that is tasteless, odorless and colorless. Hydrogen can exist as a liquid under high pressure and at extremely low temperature of 20.28 Kelvin (−252.87°C, −423.17°F). Hydrogen is often stored in this way as liquid hydrogen takes up less space than hydrogen in its normal gas form. Liquid hydrogen is also used as a rocket fuel. Under extreme compression hydrogen can also make a transition to a state known as metallic hydrogen. Laboratory research into this area is ongoing as scientists continue efforts to produce metallic hydrogen at low temperature and static compression.

Hydrogen is used to power a range of new alternate fuel vehicles. The chemical energy of hydrogen is converted by a combustion method similar to current engines or in a fuel cell which produces water and electricity by reacting hydrogen with oxygen. Engineers and car manufacturers are researching the possibility of using hydrogen gas as an efficient and viable car fuel. One of the possibilities involves storing hydrogen as a solid state in car fuel tanks. While there are many challenges involved in this process it would allow for greater hydrogen storage in vehicles, allowing them to travel for longer before refueling.

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula H₂O₂. It is often used as a hair bleach or cleaner. At certain concentrations it can also be used to clean wounds.

Hydrogen was used for air travel from 1852 when the first hydrogen lifted airship was created by Henri Giffard. Later airships that used hydrogen were called zeppelins and while they were reliable and safe for the majority of the time their use was stopped soon after the Hindenburg disaster in 1937. The Hindenburg airship was destroyed in a midair fire over New Jersey that was both filmed and broadcast live on radio.

Hydrogen is commonly used in the petroleum and chemical industries and is also widely used for many physics and engineering applications such as welding or as a coolant.

Hydrogen can be potentially dangerous to humans due to fires that can start when it is mixed with air, our inability to breathe it in its pure oxygen free form and also in its extremely cold liquid state.

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