Below are listed either the beginnings or the ends of other mythic patterns from the story. Write in the missing part, either beginning or end.

	Boy jumping onto the back of the young man who took Viki's oranges.
Stavro runs his fingers through his thick, black hair.
Discussion about Michales dying.
The bov dislikes passing the chicken house, butcher shop, and fish market which "all reeked of death."
	Harvest and October
	Father lying in the street as if he were asleep.

8. In any piece of writing there is some vague essence that helps the author to bring his ideas home to his readers, to make the narration more vivid – an atmosphere. It is created with the help of different stylis tic devices, images, associations these images arise in the readers and what not. The atmosphere in the story is tragic. Why does the author use the image of oranges as the central one in the story? What associations arise in your mind when you think of this fruit, and how does it help to understand the essence of the conflict? Think of other images that are of great importance in creating the atmosphere of Athanas’s story.

9. Stylistics

Tropes are lexical stylistic devices that create an immediate image. They’re based on different interrelationships of lexical meanings, but any trope directly or indirectly involves a figurative meaning.

Here are some tropes that are used very often: simile, metaphor, intended ambiguity, epithet.

Simile is a comparison based on an image. A comparison presupposes concrete lexical means, i.e. like, as, and so on.

e.g. The scarlet stain looked like a morning glory against the white cloth.

Metaphor is often defined as implied simile. It also expresses the similarity of objects. The basic mechanism is that of likening two objects of different classes.

e.g. Stavro Pappanoulos strode easily, cutting a smooth path through the thick crowd like a plow turning earth.

Intended ambiguity (pun) is a play upon words usually for humorous purposes, though not always. It consists in the use of the same word in at least two different meanings creating deliberate or not ambiguity. One of the usages of pun in narrative prose may be that of intriguing the reader about what is to come next.

e.g. He sipped (the coffee).It was bitter, the price of being a man.

Epithet is an attributive word or word-combination that contains an expressive characteristic of the object of discourse, based on the interplay of emotive and logical meanings. It differs from an ordinary attribute by its figurative usage of the word.

e.g. He watched his mother’s efficient hands preparing mousaka at the sink for their evening meal, and of nothing.

As for repetition is met on different levels: syntactical, lexical and phonetic. It is an intended use of some particular units unchanged throughout a piece of writing.

e.g. the repeated image of oranges in the story by Athanas

Find the examples of repetition (it may be any kind of repetition, including repeated ideas or images), metaphor, comparison, intended ambiguity and other stylistic devices. Explain their value and role in the stories.

10. The tension of a conflict makes the story move. Any conflict must have at least two sides, two forces or poles: there must be a desire and something that counters that desire. Mind that the obstacle to the desire may be (and very often is) within oneself – an inner conflict. What are the forces (two or more) conflicting in the story under discussion? Compare the nature of the conflict to the one / ones in Oranges by Saroyan. Do they have anything in common?

11. Any conflict results in resolution. A resolution is not necessarily a solution. It is a coming to the rest of tension. It is a fuller, more complete sense of order that includes the tensions released in the story. The resolution is finally and most fully a matter of great awareness. Sometimes it’s the reader’s consciousness that experiences the full meaning of a resolution, not the character’s. What is “the other end” of the conflict lines in the stories under discussion? Do the characters find peace?

12. The process of transformation from the world of children to the world of adults can sometimes be painful. In some primitive civilizations there is a special practice called “initiation” – the boarder line between this two worlds is distinct. In modern world children seem to be abandoned and they have to cope with everything themselves. How do the main characters of the stories we’ve discussed percept the surrounding world? What becomes an initiation for them?

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