Complex Subject

General note	Function in the sentence	Indicators	Examples
The Subjective– with– the-Infinitive Construction consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative and any of the six forms of the infinitive. In Russian equivalent it is in most cases a subordinate clause.	The subject of the sentence	a) with the following groups ofverbs in the Passive Voice: to see to expect to hear to believe to think to suppose to consider to say to know to report b) with the following parts ofsynonyms in the Active Voice: to seem to prove to appear to turn out to happen to chance   c) with word groups containing adjectives/ adverbs. To be (un) likely To be sure To be certain/ to be bound To be anxious To be pleased To be easy To be happy	She was heard to laugh heartily. He is supposed to have left. He is said to be a good doctor. He seems to notice nothing unusual. The girl appeared to be everybody’s attention. He is sure to come. He was not likely to have madea mistake. He is easy to deal with.

For –Complex

General note	Uses	Examples
This construction is introduced by the preposition for. It consists of a noun or a pronoun in the objective case and an infinitive (or an infinitive word-group). For is not translated into Russian. The construction is translated by a subordinate clause or infinitive.	We use for + noun phrase + infinitive after: an adjective     a noun phrase   a verb Note: often after a verb which has for after it	It will be best for her to continuethis way It is not the right time for us to speakabout it. There’s nothing for him to do about it. I have arranged for you to have a private room. We are still waiting for them to reply.

Mind: It is reported that the president is seriously ill" - The president is reported to be seriously ill.

It was reported that the delegation arrived yesterday –The delegation was reported to arrive.

It is expected that a new law will be introduced tomorrow - A new law is expected to be introduced tomorrow.

It is believed that the fire started late last night - The fire is believed to have started late last night.

It is announced that the Queen has already arrived – The Queen is announced to have arrived.

Simple Infinitive: He was the first to come.

I saw him enter the room.

It was/is nice of you to help me.

Perfect Infinitive: I meant (intended/wanted/etc) to have phoned you but I forgot.

Ex.1. Paraphrase the sentences using Complex Object (where possible). Make all the necessary changes.

Model 1: People know that he is an honest man.

People know him to be an honest man.

1.I know that she has an interest in the company. 2. I believe that she isn’t guilty. 3. I found that the job was very challenging. 4. I imagine that he works very hard. 5. We didn’t expect that he would arrive by plane. 6. The patient wanted that the doctor examined him. 7. He wished that the specialist cured him of his illness. 8. Do you mean that he should bring his girl-friend to the party? 9.I didn’t mean that you should go there immediately. 10. Do you like when your guests leave your place late?

Model 2: She heard that he whispered something.

She heard him whisper something.

1. I felt that it was true this time. 2. I saw that the man pulled the door open. 3. I felt that his hand was trembling. 4.I noticed that the woman passed him by and gave him a quick and strange look. 5. We heard that the actor was singing. 6. They forced us to sit and wait (make). 7.I hope you will tell her to sell the car (have). 8. Her parents wouldn’t give her permission to go out with boys (let). 9. His parents didn’t allow him to leave the home-town (let). 10. She heard some strange sound and stepped aside (make). 11. The teacher told him to complete the task (have).

Ex.2. Change the sentences so that to use Complex Subject.

Model:

It is said that he knows several oriental languages. He is said to know several oriental languages.

1. It seems that she has forgotten her promise. 2. It is reported that the expedition left in June. 3. It was considered that he is one of the best pilots in the country. 4. It appears that they understood this rule very well. 5. The teacher expects that you will read an article on this subject. (You are expected…) 6. You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid…) 7. He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him (It was very brave…). 8. Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he…) 9. It is not likely that the captain will allow them to put these cases on deck. (The captain…). 10. They will certainly conclude this agreement in the near future. (The agreement is certain…) 11. It seems that nothing has changed. 12. You may miss the beginning of the performance if you don’t hurry. (You are likely…). 13. It appeared that the charges at the hotel were reasonable. 14. He was the only person who believed in the results of the experiment. 15. He will be pleased when he learns the news.

Ex.3. Identify the For-Complexes. Translate the sentences.

It was easy for my brother to learn Spanish. 2. We are still waiting for him to come. 3. Have you bought something for me to read during the trip? 4. The day was much too cold and rainy for anyone to have a good time. 5. It’s not the right time for us to speak about it. 6. Your attitude made it difficult for him to tell you the truth. 7. It will be best for you to see the doctor about the tooth. 8. I’d like to put forward a few suggestions for you to think about. 9. Harriet was anxious for the party to be a success. 10. It might be possible for you to sign the paper today. 11. He didn’t mean for them to study in the library. 12. It was hard for the boy to read the book in the original.

Ex.4.Change the sentences so that to use different constructions with infinitive.

It is expected that the weather will improve. 2. It seemed that she was a very experienced teacher. 3. It appears that she likes her work very much. 4. It was very kind that you visited Janice in hospital. 5. Emma can’t reach the top shelf. It is very high. 6. The guests can take part in lots of activities. (There are…) 7. I knew that he was a very careful driver. 8. Don’t you find that the painting is a masterpiece? 9. I can’t go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear. 10. He may not be invited to official opening of the Good Will Games. (He is unlikely...) 11. She held me out the telegram so that I might see it. 12. It’s quite natural that you should think so. 13. Have you noticed how she flushed when you looked at her? 14. She called Peter names. I heard it. 15. He was the first person who came to the bar and the last who left it.

Ex.5. Translate into English. Use the constructions with infinitive where possible.

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