Ex.6. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase.

1. Should … anything, could you let us know?

2. Were …, everyone in it would have been killed.

3. Had … harder, I would have probably have passed all my exams.

4. Should … neighbourhood, why don’t you drop in?

5. Were … job, we couldn’t be sure that she would accept.

6. Should …, just call room service and order a meal.

7. Had … measures, this political crisis could have been avoided.

Особенности перевода

Emphatic Constructions (Эмфатические структуры)

1. Выделение сказуемого – эмфатический глагол do “перетягивает” на себя время, число, лицо сказуемого и ставится перед этим сказуемым:

1. The whole cost of government did impose a heavy burden upon the taxpayers. (BBC) -

2. I don’t see any reason for potential conflicts of interest, but we do, however, face a problem. (Associated Press) -

2. Выделение подлежащего, прямого и косвенного дополнения с помощью эмфатической конструкции it +be (not) … that …; it + be (not) … who/whom …; it + be(not) … which …. Перевод именно, как раз, только, лишь:

3.It is the refusal of German banks to invest at home that is at the heart of the problem. (International Herald Tribune) –

4. It is the reality which counts – not words on a piece of paper. (New European Magazine) -

5. But it was not the Finance Minister who was the central figure of the scandal. (Financial Times) –

3. выделение обстоятельств и обстоятельственных придаточных предложений:

6. It was here, in Baden-Baden, that Dostoevsky lost the money he got from pawning his wife’s jewelry. (Moscow Times) –

Особую трудность вызывает конструкция It + be + not + until/till … that …. Несмотря на отрицательную форму, по смыслу это утвердительное высказывание. При переводе используются слова лишь, только, тогда когда и др.:

7. It was not until the president began talking about rationing gasoline that the people began to wake up. (Reuters) –

8. It was not until the book was published for the second time that it became more widely known. (Times) -

9. It was not until more than ten minutes after the ship disintegrated that Mission Control declared a contingency. (Washington Post) -

Инверсия.

a) В начале предложения могут оказаться обстоятельства времени с отрицательным значением, за ними следуют вспомогательный глагол и подлежащее (negative adverb/adverbial phrase + auxiliary verb (вспомогательный глагол) + subject (подлежащее). Перевод – через слова и только, гораздо, тут же, очень скоро или нужно поместить обстоятельство в конец русского предложения:

1. At no time was the President aware of what was happening. (Washington Times) –

2. Not until much later did she learn who her real father was. –

3. Not until he received her letter did he really understand the depth of her feelings. (From the book) –

b) Инверсия возможна после некоторых ограничительных наречий или союзов - hardly … when, scarcely … when, no sooner… than (едва), seldom, rarely (редко), little (настолько же мало, как же мало), never (никогда), (not) only (не только … но и, только):

4. Seldom have I seen such remarkable people. -

5. Hardly had I arrived when trouble started. –

6. Little did I realize the danger she faced. –

7. Only after her death was he able to appreciate her. –

8. Not only did we lose our money, but we were nearly killed. –

с) В начало предложения для эмфатического выделения иногда выносится дополнение с отрицанием: not + object: 9. Not a single word did he say -

d) В начале предложения могут оказаться причастия, прилагательные – части составного именного сказуемого. Перевод обычно начинают с дополнения или обстоятельства, затем переводится само сказуемое, но, конечно, без инверсии:

10. Also cited in the report were billions spent on alcoholic beverages, drugs, gambling, beauty shops for dogs and winter cruises. (IHT) –

11. Flying with the Prime Minister were members of the British parliament and some members of the business community. (BBC) –

e) Для выражения эмфазы на первое место может выноситься именная часть сказуемого, выраженная прилагательным или наречием с последующими союзами as, though или предшествующим however. Порядок слов может быть как прямой, так и обратный. Перевод рекомендуется начинать со слов хотя, как и, какой ни, как бы ни:

12. Impatient as Americans sometimes become with Europe, very few Americans would like to live in a world where Europe was not faring well. (Washington Post) –

Если эмфатическое however находится в постпозиции, т.е. оно выделяется запятыми, оно означает противопоставление тому, о чем говорилось ранее или что вытекает из контекста. Переводится уступительными однако, тем не менее, впрочем, все-таки, но и др.:

13. He, however, did not think so. -

14. He flinched, however, when the gun went off. –

15. In the morning, however, nothing was done. –

Наречия however, whatever тоже могут усиливать степень или количество чего-либо. В этом значении они, как правило, сопровождаются следующими прилагательными и наречиями: however good/ well, bad/ badly/ hard/ small/ much/ many и др. Переводятся уступительными придаточными предложениями с союзами как бы ни, сколько бы ни, независимо от. Иногда в этих предложениях возможно опущение подлежащего и сказуемого.

16. However hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza. -

17. If she likes something she’ll buy it however much it costs. –

18. However many times you explain things, you can never get him to understand. –

5. Эмфазу несет конструкция as + adjective/ adverb +as – так называемое ложное сравнение:

19. At the bottom of her third term, Margaret Thatcher was in political trouble as deep as any she had encountered during nearly eleven years as British prime minister. (Times) –

20. We’ll start as early as midnight. -

Practice

1. Not only was it a financial matter but a question whether the US had too many troops in Europe. (International Herald Tribune) -

2. It was not until this year that I went out in public, with shirt buttoned all the way to the top, and no tie. (Reader’s Digest) -

3. No sooner had the committee started operating than the first positive results could be seen. (Financial Times) -

4. Nowhere can this phenomenon be observed better than in a transitional economy. (Economist) -

5. It was not so long ago that young Chinese dreamed of owing a bicycle and a watch, and there were only two brands to choose from. (BBC) -

6. As recently as 1995, tension in one part of Latin America could touch off a crises in another. (IHT) -

7. Now arising is the question not how to define happiness and measure it, but how to experience it. (R’s D) -

8. It was not until early September that companies as diverse as DuPond and Procter&Gamble took action to offset the rising cost of raw materials. (FT) -

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30