Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone

In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other; Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

Douglas C. Engelbart, inventor of the computer mouse

In 1964, the first prototype computer mouse was made to use with a graphical user interface (GUI), 'windows'. Engelbart received a patent for the wooden shell with two metal wheels (computer mouse) in 1970. "It was nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end," Engelbart revealed about his invention.

Chester Greenwood, inventor of ear muffs

After wrapping his head in a scarf that was too bulky, Chester Greenwood made two ear-shaped loops from wire and asked his grandmother to sew fur on them. He patented an improved model with a steel band that held them in place and with Greenwood’s Champion Ear Protectors, he established the Greenwood’s Ear Protector Factory.

1. When was the telephone invented?

2. Who designed devices that could transmit speech electrically?

3. Who first patented the telephone?

4. Who was the inventor of the computer mouse?

5. How did the first prototype computer mouse look like?

6. What invention belongs to Chester Greenwood?

7. How did he invent Ear Protectors?

12. How much do you know about inventions? Match the columns. Use some books or Internet.

Заняття 3.2 Досягнення та здобутки видатних українців

1. Read and learn the following words:

research contribution to achieve space electric welding

дослідницький вклад, внесок досягати космос електрозварювання

novel dramatist science scientific scientist

роман драматург наука науковий науковець, вчений

2. Read and translate the text:

The development of Ukraine science has its beginning since the 18th century, when the Kyiv Mohyla Academy became a noted research centre. A great page in Ukraine’s history was the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Its founder was a very talented man with the world – known name- Volodymyr Vernadsky. The group of famous people made a valuable contribution into Ukraine’s science from its first steps. They were noted historians Antonovych, Hrushevsky, a mathematician Boholiubov, botanists Fomin and Kholodny, scientists in medicine Filatov, Yanovsky, Bohomolets and others.

The Ukrainian science achieved great success after the Second World War. The Ukrainian scientist Korolyov was one of the noted space designers. Ukraine’s scientists developed the “Vulcan” unit for welding in space. Yevhen Paton and his son Boris are well- known all over the world as masters in the field of electric welding.

The people of Ukraine are proud of their culture too. You must know the name of the great philosopher Skovoroda. The play “Natalka Poltavka” by Kotlyarevsky, the historical novel “Taras Bulba” by Gogol, the “Kobzar” by Shevchenko, the poems by Lesya Ukrainka are well-known not only in Ukraine but abroad as well. The three most noted dramatists at the end of the 19th century were: Starytsky, Kropyvnytsky, Karpenko-Kary. The film director Dovzhenko, the great opera singer Krushelnytska, Matvienko and Solovyanenko, Ivasiuk made Ukrainian music culture famous in the world. Ukrainian literature and arts developed very successfully in the 60s.

Among the most prominent authors were: in poetry Kostenko, Drach, Vingranovsky, Symonenko, Hutsalo, Tiutiunnyk, Shevchyk; in drama: Kolomiyets, Honchar.Stus, Holoborodko, Drozd, Kalynets developed the literature in the 70s. At present Ukrainian books are translated into many languages. Writers have got more freedom over the last years.

3. Answer the following questions:

✍ When did the Kyiv Mohyla Academy become a noted research centre?

✍ Who was a founder of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences?

✍ What was Antonovych famous for?

✍ Boholiubov was a famous historian, wasn’t he?

✍ When did the Ukrainian science achieve great success?

✍ Who developed “Vulkan”?

✍ What literature works are well-known abroad?

✍ When were Ukrainian literature and arts the most developed?

4. Which of the following statements are true and which are false? Correct the false sentences.

1. Volodymyr Vernadsky was the founder of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

2. Drach made Ukrainian music culture famous in the world.

3. The historical novel “Natalka Poltavka” is well-known not only in Ukraine but abroad as well.

4. Borys Paton was the first master in electric welding.

5. The four most noted dramatists at the end of the 19th century were: Starytsky, Kropyvnytsky, Karpenko- Kary.

6. Hutsalo developed the literature in the 50s.

5. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Моя улюблена п'єса – “Наталка Полтавка” Івана Котляревського.

2. Я гадаю, Володимир Вернадський – найвизначніший науковець України.

3. Я впевнений, наука розвиватиметься завдяки українським науковцям.

4. Пісня «Червона рута» В. Івасюка зробила його відомим не лише в радянському союзі, а й у світі.

5. Вам подобається поезія шістдесятих?

6. Довженко був не лише всесвітньо відомим режисером, а й талановитим письменником.

7. “Україна в огні”, “Щоденник”, О. Довженка дуже мене вразили.

6. Read the definitions of different branches of science and match them with the names of sciences:

It is the science of life. It deals with the great diversity of life forms.	Astronomy
It is the science that studies the conditions of the habitat of man, animals and plants for the benefit of present and future generations.	Biology
It is the study of the ways in which language works.	Linguistics
It is the science of the stars. It deals with celestial bodies such as our earth, the moon, the sun, and other planets.	Psychology
It is the science of mental life which studies human and animal behavior.	Ecology

7. Read and learn the following words:

creation basis compatriot glorious calculations satellite former designer

створення основа співвітчизник славетний розрахунки місяць, супутник колишній конструктор, проектувальник

carrier rocket longevity consequence serum bone existence suppuration іnjuries

ракета-носій довголіття наслідок сироватка кістка існування нагноєння травми

8. Read and translate the text:

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