Object of research|work-up| of ecology

The term «ecology» originates from the Greek words oikos – a house and logos – study, doctrine and was offered by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1869. Thus, ecology is a science about dwelling places or, speaking more widely, about the conditions of existence.

There are a lot of determinations of ecology as a science, however the vast majority of modern researchers consider that ecology is a science, studying the terms of existence of living organisms and intercommunication between organisms and the environment of their dwelling. Other determination of this area of knowledge is often used: ecology is a science, studying the general laws of the functioning of ecological systems of different hierarchical level. Except for this, under ecology they imply the research of the position of man as a biological kind and human society in the biosphere of the planet, its connections with ecological systemsand its influencing them.

According to the complete explanatory Webster’s dictionary, the object of ecology is an aggregate or structure of connections between organisms and the environment of their dwelling.

Now many scientists consider ecology as a science about the relationships of living organisms or groups of organisms with the environment, about mutual relations between different|diverse| living organisms.

Man and human population (humanity) overall is considered as a part of the nature. However, these general formulations are substantially added and changed. The discussion proceeds until now and touches the object of ecology study, scopes of this science and its connection with other, close to it areas of knowledge. Presently ecology is divided into a number of scientific branches and disciplines, sometimes distant from the primary understanding of ecology as a biological science about the relationships of living organisms with the environment, although the basis of all modern directions of ecology are the fundamental ideas of biological ecology. Thus, different branches of ecology are singled out: general ecology, which studies the most general conformities to the law of mutual relations of organisms and their associations with the environment under natural conditions, and is also the study about ecological systems, general conformities to the law of their structure, functioning and evolution; special ecology, the object of study of which is the application of laws of general ecology to the separate groups of organisms, different types of their dwelling and biological systems of different bioclimatic belts; applied ecology, which is a necessary element of the economic activity at the national (state) level and global ecology, the science about our general house – the Earth.

On the whole|all in all| modern ecology is a scientific|science| direction, examining|consider| a certain meaningful aggregate of the natural and partly social (for man) phenomena|phenomen| and objects.

The subject of the research|work-up| of ecology is|appear| the detailed|detail| study with the help of quantitative methods bases|backing| of structure and functioning of the natural and artificial systems, and|but| the research|work-up| subject is ecological systems|.

As every|any| science, ecology has two aspects. The first|first-run| one is aspiring to the cognition for the sake of the cognition. Here, the first|first-run| place is taken by the establishment of laws of the nature development and their explanation|stage|. The second|second-| aspect is the use|utillizing| of the obtained knowledge for solving problems, related to the natural environment of man. The growing importance of ecology in the whole world can be explained by the fact|unravele| that none of the issues of large|big| practical importance is now possible to solve|solve| without|senza| taking into account connections between living and lifeless components|reductant| of ecological systems|.

The practical value|importance| of ecology shows up, foremost|first and foremost|, in solving issues of natural management|. Only ecology can provide the scientific|science| basis for the exploitation|maintainance| of natural resources.

Ecology and the nature conservation (preservation) are closely connected between themselves, but if ecology is a fundamental science, the nature conservation is directly related to practice. The protection of the natural environment is the system of measures, directed for the maintenance поддержание of the co-operation of man and the natural environment for providing the preservation and renewal of natural resources, rational use of natural resources, warning the negative influence of human activity on the nature.

From the scientific and practical point of view, ecology can be divided into theoretical ecology and applied ecology.

Theoretical ecology examines general conformitiesto the law of the organization of life, rotation of matters and energy in ecological systems, and population ecology.

The applied ecology studies the mechanisms of the biosphere destruction by man, methods of the prevention of this process and develops principles of the rational use of natural resources. Scientific basis of the applied ecology is made by the system of general ecological laws, rules and principles.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29