Ecology. Environmental pollution and protection

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

To absorb поглощать

Natural cycles absorb small amounts of natural wastes in bodies of water.

To accumulate накапливать, складывать, скопить

Accumulation накопление, скапливание

In the process of consumption and production wastes accumulate.

To cause причинять, быть причиной

The environment pollution causes global warming.

Combustion горение, сгорание

syn. burning

Most of air pollution results from combustion processes.

Contamination загрязнение, порча

We must stop the contamination of our waterways.

Mercury is a toxin that creates problems of contamination in various kinds of fish.

To consume потреблять, расходовать

Consumption потребление, расход

Many environmental services are correctively consumed or used.

Damage ущерб, вред, повреждение

To damage повредить, нанести убыток

To cause damage нанести ущерб

Rapid economic development inflicts ecological damage to many countries.

To dump сбрасывать, сваливать мусор

Thousands of industrial plants dump their wastes into rivers.

Disaster бедствие, катастрофа, несчастье

Disastrous бедственный, губительный

Environmental pollution can occur as a result of dramatic disasters.

Exhaust выхлопной, выпускной

Exhaust gases выхлопные газы

The main causes of air pollution are smoke and exhaust gases.

Emission эмиссия, выделение,

распространение

The emissions from automobiles and factories are dumped into the atmosphere.

Habitat естественная среда

Habitat is the natural home or locality of an animal or plant.

Harmful / hazardous вредный, губительный

Harm / damage / hazard вред, ущерб / риск, опасность

To harm / damage наносить вред / ущерб

To do harm / to cause damage вредить, причинять вред

Pollution can harm our health.

One serious result of air pollution is its harmful effect on human health.

Horrible страшный, ужасный

The most horrible ecological disaster befell Belarus and its people in the result of Chernobyl tragedy.

Poisonous ядовитый

Poison яд

Poisonous gases make breathing difficult and can cause death.

Pollution загрязнение

To pollute загрязнять

Pollutant загрязнитель

Lead is a major pollutant in car exhaust.

To preserve сохранять, оберегать, охранять

Preserve заповедник

There are some preserves in our republic.

Protection защита, охрана

To protect защищать, охранять

Urgent measures to protect environment should be taken.

To recycle перерабатывать отходы

Recycling переработка отходов

Recycling is the transformation of wastes into raw materials that are again usable.

Many kinds of wastes can be recycled.

Rubbish мусор, хлам

Old cars, refrigerators, domestic appliances, rubbish heaps are collected and accumulated on the terrain.

Substance вещество

Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 100 million tons of dust and other harmful substances.

Thermal тепловой, термический

Thermal power station – теплоэлектростанция

Thermal pollution occurs when hot waste water is discharged into rivers, lakes and seas.

Waste отходы, отбросы

Solid waste includes paper and plastic products, glass bottles, aluminium and steel cans, rubbish.

1. Read the word combinations, give their Russian equivalents and memo­rize them:

Environmental pollution, ecological problem, to cause damage, combus­tion processes, exhaust gases, poisonous substances, chemical and thermal waste, sea - and river going ships, land pollution, rubbish heaps, acid rains, bal­ance of nature, species of animals, ecological disaster, radioactive substances, government environmental protection agencies, to set standards, ecologically poor regions, nuclear explosions, to preserve the environment.

2. Read the following sentences with new words and put all kinds of questions to them:

1. The protection of the environment is our common duty.

2. Environmental problems are very acute in densely populated areas.

3. Some rare species of animals, birds, fish disappear for ever.

4. Sea ships often pollute sea with oil products.

5. Pollutants are harmful to people's health.

6. Environmental protection agencies are responsible for control of all sources of pollution.

7. Transport is a major source of environmental pollution.

8. Belarus faces a lot of acute, ecological problems.

9. Pollution must be controlled by the state.

10. Greenpeace is doing much to preserve the environment.

3. Insert the suitable word from the active vocabulary:

1. Thousands of industrial plants........... …….. their wastes into rivers.

2. Exhaust gases which come from automobiles contain......

3. Environmental pollution ………. global warming.

4. Many kinds of wastes can be...... ………

5. Air pollution …………. animals, birds and people.

6. We must stop....... …….. of our water - ways.

7. Land pollution results from the dumping wastes on …………..

8. The ozone layer ………… the earth from dangerous light of the Sun.

9. Environment is not able of absorbing.... ………. the economy throws into it.

10. Most of air pollution results from ……………

combustion processes, recycled, the contamination, dump, poisonous substances, causes, harms, protects, the terrain, the rubbish.

4. Make up sentences:

1. Pollutants, not only, harmful but to, to be, buildings, as well, people's health.

2. A great area, became, with, of the Belarusian territory, contaminated, radioactive substances.

3. To be worried, all over the world, by, people, the ecological problems.

4. Disastrous processes, environmental pollution, many, to cause.

5. Thermal power stations, to be, sources, the, main, automobiles, industrial plants, of pollution, and.

6. Affect, may, the climate, also, air pollutants.

7. 50 % of hydrocarbon emissions, to come from, in the US, industrial sources.

8. To face, ecological problems, a lot of, Belarus, acute

9. For consumption, 30 %, to be not valid, of the Belarusian territory, from, the agricultural production.

10. Huge, dump, amounts of wastes, industries, every year, into water.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29