Tasks|tsk| of ecology

In the general theoretic aspect, the basic|main| tasks|tsk| of ecology are as follows|downstream|:

· The study of the structure, functions of ecological systems|, their equilibrium and disbalance|, i.e. reasons|cause| of stability of ecological systems|, their violation, energy transformation within the ecological system, the development|elaboration| of the general|common| theory of the stability of ecological systems;

· Investigating peculiarities of life organization, including those which are connected with anthropogenic influence on the natural environment;

· creating|making| scientific|science| bases|backing| of the rational use of biological|life-form| resources;

· modeling of the state|fortune| of ecological systems and global|worldwide| biosphere processes|Carbro|.

The basic|main| applied|canalside| tasks|tsk| which ecology must solve are as follows|downstream|:

· forecasting changes|variating| of the nature as a result of human activity;

· preservation, reproduction and rational use of natural resources;

· optimization of engineering|reclamationist|, economic, organizational and juridical|, social and other|another| decisions for providing|ADM| ecologically safe|shock-proof| steady development;

· improving the quality of the natural environment.

The strategic task|tsk| of ecology is considered developing the theory of co-operation of the nature and society on the basis of the new|firsttime| approach considering the society as an inalienable part of the biosphere. Making use of all achievements of scientific and technical|scitech| progress, it is necessary to create the scientific|science| base|baseline| for the harmonization of mutual relations of human society and the nature and develop practical recommendations, directed|ducted| for making the natural environment healthy and for the support of the proper quality of the natural environment|Wednesday|, without|senza| which normal existence of all life on the Earth|ground-to-air| now and the future is impossible.

As an educational subject, ecology is divided into four basic|main| sections|division|:

1. autoecology, or | factorial ecology (studies about ecological factors);

2. ecology of populations | |;

3. ecology of associations, or ecological systems|;

4. fundamentals of studies about the biosphere, or ecology of the biosphere.

While studying the varied processes, which take place in the wild life, ecology uses a lot of methods, the main ones among which are the method of supervision, comparative method, historical method, experimental method and modeling. In particular, historical method studies conformities to the law of appearance and development of organisms, formation of their structure and function. During laboratory experiments, the influence of different conditions on organisms, theestablishment of their reaction to the set influences is investigated. In the process of studying the relations of organisms with the environment under the artificially created conditions it is possible to analyze deeply enough the phenomena, which exist in the nature.

At the same time, it is obvious, that intercommunications|relationship| of living organisms with the environment, which are characterized|describe| by a number of elements and phenomena|phenomen|, can be most fully studied|learn| under the environmental conditions. Exactly|preeminently| that is why supervisions on location and experiments occupy|borrow| the most important place|seat|.

Relatively|in relation to| new|firsttime| method of research|work-up| in modern ecology is|appear| modeling|imagineering|, allowing to study|learn| difficult|complex| objects, phenomena|phenomen| and processes|Carbro| by their simplified simulation. The substantial advantage of experiments with a model is|appear| that such conditions which in a number of cases can not be recreated in an object can be reproduced|playback| here.

About one hundred directions of ecological researches have been formed by today. Depending on the sizes of objects of study, ecology is divided into the following branches: autoecology (the organism and its environment); populations ecology (population and its environment); synecology (biological association or ecological system and their environment); geographical or landscape ecology (large geological systems, geographical processes with the participation of living organisms and their environment) and global ecology (studies about the biosphere of the Earth). In relation to the subjects of study ecology is subdivided into ecology of microorganisms, plants, animals, man; agricultural, industrial (engineering) and general ecology. Taking into account the environment and its components there exits ecology of dry land, fresh reservoirs, seas, tundra, forests, cities, etc. Depending on methods of studies there are such ecological directions as the biosphere, medical, mathematical, chemical, economic, legal ones etc.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29