Direct and indirect objects

A Introduction

Henry gave Claire some flowers. Henry gave some flowers to Claire.

Here the verb give has two objects. Claire is the Here give has a direct object (some flowers) and a

indirect object, the person receiving something. phrase with to. To comes before Claire, the

Some flowers is the direct object, the thing that person receiving something,
someone gives.

Here are some more examples of the two structures.

INDIRECT OBJECT DIRECT OBJECT DIRECT OBJECT PHRASE WITH TO/FOR

Emma gave Rachel a CD. Emma gave the CD to Rachel.

I'll send my cousin a postcard. I'll send a postcard to my cousin.

We bought all the children an ice-cream. We bought ice-creams for all the children.

B Toor for?

We give something to someone, and we buy something for someone.

We can use to with these verbs: bring, feed, give, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, write

Vicky paid the money to the cashier, or Vicky paid the cashier the money. Let me read this news item to you. OR Letme read you this news item. We showed the photos to David, or We showed David the photos.

We can use for with these verbs: book, bring, build, buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, leave, make, order, pick, reserve, save

They found a spare ticket for me. OR They found me a spare ticket.

I've saved a seat for you. OR I've saved you a seat.

Melanie is making a cake for David. OR Melanie is making David a cake.

C Give + pronoun

Sometimes there is a pronoun and a noun after a verb such as give. The pronoun usually comes before the noun.

Henry is very fond of Claire. He gave Henry bought some flowers. He gave

Her some flowers. them to Claire.

We use her because Claire is mentioned earlier. We use them because the flowers are mentioned

Hercomes before some flowers.earlier. Themcomes before Claire.

Exercises

1 Give (A)

Look at the Christmas presents and write sentences about them.

Put one of these words at the end of each sentence: necklace, scarf, sweater, tennis racket, watch

► Harriet gave Mike a watch.

1 …………………………………………………………….. 3 ………………………………………………………

2 …………………………………………………………… 4 ……………………………………………………….

2 Indirect object or to? (A)

Write the information in one sentence. Put the underlined part at the end of the sentence. Sometimes you need to.

► Daniel lent something to Vicky. It was his calculator. 8 Daniel lent Vicky his calculator.

► Mark sent a message. It was to his boss. 8Mark sent a message to his boss.

1 Emma sold her bike. Her sister bought it. 8Emma...................................................................

2 Tom told the joke. He told all his friends. 8 Tom.........................................................................

3 Melanie gave some help. She helped her neighbour. 8 Melanie.................................................................

4 Ilona wrote to her teacher. She wrote a letter. 8 Ilona.......................................................................

3 To or for? (B)

Mark's boss at Zedco is Mr Atkins. He is telling people to do things. Put in to or for.

► Give these papers to my secretary. 3 Don't show these plans.......................... anyone.

► Could you make some coffee for us? 4 Leave a message........................... my secretary.

1 Book a flight.............................. me, could you? 5 Fetch the file................................ me, could you?

2 Can you post this cheque................... the hotel? 6 Write a memo.................................. all managers.

4 Give + pronoun (C)

Complete each answer using the words in brackets. Sometimes you need to use to or for.

► Matthew: Why is everyone laughing? (a funny story / us)
Vicky: Daniel told us a funny story.

► Trevor: There's some fish left over, (it / the cat)
Laura: I'll feed it to the cat.

1 Mark: What are you doing with those bottles? (them / the bottle bank)

Sarah: I'm taking...............................................................................................................................................

2 Trevor: How are things with you, Daniel? (a job / me)

Daniel: Fine. Someone has offered.................................................................................................................

3 David: What about those papers you found? (them / the police)

Tom: Oh, I handed........................................................................................................................................

4 Emma: It's pouring with rain, look, (my umbrella / you)

Rachel: It's OK. I'll lend.....................................................................................................................................

A Introduction The present continuous means that we are in the middle of an action.

4 The present continuous

B Form The present continuous is the present tense of be + an ing-form.

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