Читайте также:
|
1. Art Nouveau (be) an innovative international style of modern art that (become) fashionable from about 1890 to the First World War.
2. This aesthetic (consider) to be quite revolutionary and new, hence its name - New Art - or Art Nouveau.
3. Art Nouveau (give) a major boost by the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris.
4. Art Nouveau (spread) across Europe and as far as the United States and Australia, under local names like Jugendstil in Germany), Stile Liberty in Italy), Sezessionstil in Austria and Tiffany style in America).
5. The movement (replace) in the 1920s by Art Deco.
6. Art made in this style typically (depict) lavish birds, flowers, insects, as well as the hair and bodies of beautiful women.
7. Art Nouveau as a style basically (orient) to a big development of ornamentation both in facades and interiors.
8. The extensive use of iron and glass in Art Nouveau buildings also (root) in the XIX-century practice.
9. In Finland, Eliel Saarinen (bring) an Art Nouveau flavour to the National Romanticism current in the years around 1900.
10. In the United States the Art Nouveau movement (arrive) with designer Louis Comfort Tiffany and (be) especially influential on ornamental rather than spatial design, particularly on Sullivan’s decorative schemes and those of Frank Lloyd Wright.
Exercise 4
Find Subjects and Predicates in the following sentences and determine the Voice of the Predicate:
1. Art Nouveau rapidly broke into the city’s architectural silhouette.
2. A short period dominated by the Art Nouveau style – only some three decades – was a critical era in the history of St Petersburg and entire Russia.
3. Not only dwelling houses were designed in the “Northern Art Nouveau “ style - sometimes combined with Neo-Classicism – many banks and shops like palaces by their richly decorated facades were also constructed.
4. In the Russian empire, Art Nouveau was called “modern”.
5. At the end of the XIX century many European artists and architects rebelled against formal, classical approaches to design.
6. The building was closed for reconstruction during the 2004-2006 period, then re-opened as the home of several businesses, including the familiar House of Books.
Exercise 5
Fill in the gap with a suitable word from the list:
By, in favour of, against, opposite, in turn, away
1. A group of young architects rebelled….. the tradition of formalism in Japan.
2. The style was directly borrowed by the American Colonists from Georgian England, whose architects …..looked to Greek and Roman models for their inspiration.
3. The style was popularized …..a group of 19th century English architects.
4. Some members of the Architectural League signed a declaration …..encouraging the development of the new architectural style.
5. The interior of the first floor contains a grand stairway that is located …... the main entrance.
6. Some designers turned ….. from the structures similar to glass boxes.
Exercise 6
Find the antonyms from the B section to the A section:
A erect (v), begin (v), outstanding (adj), beautiful (adj), complicated (adj)
B simple (adj), ordinary (adj),complete (v), demolish (v), ugly (adj),
Exercise 7
Translate the following word combinations into English using words and word groups from the text:
ассиметричные формы
возрождать стиль
выступать против формального классического подхода
головной офис компании
декоративное искусство
исторический памятник архитектуры
конструкции, выражающие дух своего времени
культурное наследие
небоскреб
прекрасный пример
прикладное искусство
увенчиваться стеклянной башней
украшения
царская резиденция
японские мотивы
яркие индивидуальности
Exercise8
Find the proper word from section B which is close in its meaning (synonym) or opposite in its meaning (antonym) to the words/word groups in A:
A revive (v), prevalent (adj), refer (v), rebel (v), аsymmetrical (adj), extensive (adj), arch (n), curved (adj), overshadow (v).
B limited (adj), straight (adj),regard (v), curvature (n), obey (v), symmetrical (adj), narrow (adj), dominant (adj), exceed in importance, reanimate (v).
Exercise 9
Write a summary of the text. Your summary should not contain over 150 words.
Home Task
Find in the Internet an example of the Art Nouveau architecture in Saint-Petersburg and make a short report about it in the PowerPoint programme.
Text B
AntoniGaudí
AntoniGaudí (1852 – 1956)
One of the most internationally prestigious figures in Spanish architecture was AntoniGaudí (1852 – 1956), Barcelona-based Spanish architect born in Catalonia and regarded a figurehead of Catalan Modernism whose free-flowing works were greatly influenced by nature.
The son of a coppersmith, AntoniGaudí took to architecture at a young age and attended school in Barcelona, Spain’s most modern city at the time, the city that would become the centre of his activities, home to most of his great works. Upon graduation from the Provincial School of Architecture in 1878, Gaudí initially worked in the artistic vein of his Victorian predecessors, but he soon developed his own style, composing his works with juxtapositions of geometric masses and animating the surfaces with patterned brick or stone, bright ceramic tiles and floral or reptilian metalwork. In 1883, Gaudí was charged with the construction of a Barcelona cathedral called Basilica and Expiatory Church of the Holy Family. Although the plans had been drawn up earlier, and construction had already begun, Gaudí completely changed the design, stamping it with his own distinctive style. After 1902, AntoniGaudí’s designs began to defy conventional stylistic classification, and he created a type of structure known as equilibrated—that is, it could stand on its own without internal bracing, external buttressing *, etc. The primary functional elements of this system were columns that tilted to employ diagonal thrusts and lightweight tile vaults.
Notably, Gaudí used his equilibrated system to construct two Barcelona apartment buildings: the Casa Batlló and the Casa Milà whose floors were structured like clusters of tile lily pads *. Both projects are considered to be characteristic of Gaudí’s style.
Increasingly pious, after 1910, Gaudí abandoned nearly all other work to focus on the SagradaFamilia, which he had begun in 1883, cloistering * himself onsite and living in its workshop. While employing Gaudí’s equilibrated methods, the church would borrow from the cathedral-Gothic and Art Nouveau styles but present them in a form beyond recognition. The structure remained unfinished at the architect`s death in 1926 and, in fact, has a final completion target date of 2026, to mark the 100th anniversary of his passing.
In his own time, Gaudi was both admired and criticized for the audacity and singularity of his innovative solutions. His fame on the world scale has become an unquestioned fact both in specialized circles and among the general public.
Notes:
*buttress (n) – контрфорс (= a structure, usually brick or stone, built against a wall for support or reinforcement)
buttress (v) – поддерживать, подпирать (= to support something physically with, or as if with, a prop or buttress.)
*lily pads = the large, round-shaped leaf of the water lily that floats on the surface of water.
*cloister (v) – уединяться
Answer the questions:
1. What country did Antoni Gaudi come from?
2. Was he a son of a nobleman?
3. Where did he study?
4. Did he develop his style as soon as he graduated from school?
5. What was his style characterized with?
6. When was Antoni Gaudi commissioned to create Basilica and Expiatory Church of the Holy Family?
7. Did he keep to the previous design of the church?
8. What kind of structure did he develop after 1902? Tell about its features.
9. What else did he create using his equilibrated system?
10. What architectural creation did Antoni Gaudi concentrate on after 1910?
11. Has the structure been completed?
12. What was he admired and criticized for?
Exercise 1
Find the Russian translations from section B for the English words and word groups from the text in section A:
A predecessor; juxtapositions; patterned brick or stone; ceramic tiles; floral or reptilian metalwork; draw up (plans); distinctive style; defy; conventional stylistic classification; equilibrated structure; internal bracing; external buttressing; functional elements; diagonal thrusts; lightweight tile vaults; focus on; borrow; beyond recognition; tilt.
B функциональные элементы; диагональные распоры; заимствовать; составлять планы; легковесные кафельные своды; художественная металлообработка с цветочными мотивами и фигурами змей; внешние контрфорсы; общепринятая стилистическая классификация; характерный стиль; узорчатый кирпич или камень; керамическая плитка; игнорировать (пренебрегать); внутреннее крепление; сбалансированная конструкция; наклоняться; сосредотачиваться на чем-л.; вне узнаваемости; сопоставление; предшественник.
Exercise 2
Дата добавления: 2015-10-26; просмотров: 173 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| Art Nouveau Architecture Origin | | | Unit 4 Sustainable Architecture |