By as if, as though

- Wow!!! Look at Joey’s face! He looks as if he is scared to death!

- Well, I’d rather say he looks as if he had seen a ghost!

- Well, maybe, he’s just kidding. He sometimes behaves as though he were a fool.

Clauses introduced by as if / as though are treated as predicative clauses when they follow link verbs of being and seeming, such as: to be, to feel, to look, to sound, to seem, to appear.

E.g: He looks as if he had seen a ghost!

Clauses introduced by as if and as though are treated as clauses of manner (comparison) after notional verbs.

E.g.: He behaves as though he were a fool sometimes.

Subjunctive II is used to indicate unreality. The rules of sequence of tenses are not observed.

Present Subjunctive II shows that the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with the action of the main clause. E.g.: He behaves as though he were a fool sometimes.

Past Subjunctive II shows that the action of the subordinate clause is prior to the action of the main clause. E.g.: He looks as if he had seen a ghost!

If the action of the subordinate clause is possible, the Indicative mood is used. E.g. He looks as if he has seen something scary. (It's possible)

Exercise 1 Comment on the use of Moods in the following sentences. State the type of the subordinate clauses: a predicative or an adverbial clause of manner

1. He was throwing his things into a suitcase as if the place were on fire. 2. She always looked as though she had been in the beauty parlour all afternoon. 3. It seemed as though the water drew her irresistibly. 4. Our life goes on as if nothing had happened. 5.Father sounded as if he were speaking at a meeting. 6. He came over to the table and stood in front of it as though it were a lectern. 7. It was as though some one had burgled my heart and taken away something that meant a great deal to me. 8. He took off his hat and held it across his chest, almost as if he were saluting the flag.9. Bernard sat in his chair looking as if he were going to be sick. 10. His head ached terribly. It felt as though all sorts of little savage things were beating inside it, trying to get out. 11. Gary was behaving as though nothing had happened. 12. Blank-faced, she looked as though she had been drained of all sensation. 13. Mandy felt as if they were all against her. 14. Icy cold yes, there was something cold about all of her, as though she always pushed heat away. 15. Smitty jumped as though he had been struck.

Exercise 2 Use the table to make meaningful sentences.

Subject	Link Verb	Conj.	Predicative sub. cl.
It     She He They	is/ was seem(s) seemed feel(s) felt look(s) looked sound(s) sounded	as if as though	no one was listening to each other.
nothing special was going on.
she knew all about him.
they had been friends for years.
nothing had happened.
someone could see her.
it wasn’t his voice.
he didn’t believe me.
she could explain everything.
he had lived in Oxford all his life
he had not slept for years.

Exercise 3 Open the brackets using Subjunctive II of the verbs in brackets.

1. He kept smiling and cracking jokes as if he.......................... (not/have) a care in the world.

2. She didn't know him, but she acted as if she ……… (know) him all her life.

3. She stared at me as though I........... (be) a complete stranger.

4. She'll treat you as if nothing whatever.................. (happen).

5. He was so hungry he felt as though he........ (can/eat) a horse.

6. Will you please stop discussing me as if I...(not/be) present?

7. He drank his coffee and ate his omelet as if he (not/feel) the taste.

8. You are so pale and shaky as if you................ (see) a ghost.

9. He looked as if he.............................. (not/wash) for a week.

10. My boss tells the same jokes all the time and we always laugh as if we ……………….................… (never/ hear) them before.

11. When his dad left, he felt as though his world................... (be turned) upside-down.

12. They'll receive you as if you.......... (be) their long lost child.

13. Why do you go on as if you... (not/mind)? Do you have no pride?

14. She discussed the book quite intelligently as if she... (read) it.

15. At breakfast you hide behind your paper as if it................ (make) you sick to look at me.

16. She always gave us presents as if she....... (be) a relation.

Exercise 4 Complete the sentences using the expressions from the box. Note the use of the Indicative mood in the ‘as if-clauses’

it has just been cut; I'm going to be sick; he needs a good rest; he meant what he was saying; she didn't want to come; she was enjoying it; she had hurt her leg; is going to snow; has got any power over you; are poor, is it;

1. Mark looks very tired. He looks …..............................................

2. Sue was walking with difficulty. She looked …....................….

3. I don't think he was joking. He looked …...........................……

4. The grass is very short. It looks ……………..............................

5. I don't know why you're so frightened of her; it's not as if she...

6. Carol had a bored expression on her face during the concert. She didn't look ……….......................................................…….

7. I've just eaten too many chocolates. Now I'm feeling ill. I feel..

8. I phoned Emma and invited her to the party but she wasn't very enthusiastic about it. She sounded ………….....................…….

9. It's very cold outside today. In fact, it feels as if it …....................…

10. Why do they never go on holiday? I mean it's not as if they...?

Exercise 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

1. He talked about Denmark as though... (be) there but we know he never has.

2. I spoke to Simon last night and he sounded as though he............ (be) really upset about something.

3. She looks as if she....................................... really ill.

4. She sounded as if she.............................. (be) French.

5. It looks as though it......................................... (rain).

6. She behaves as if she........................ (be) in trouble.

7. She treats me as though I..................... (be) her child.

8. It smells as if you...... (put) lots of herbs in the stew.

9. Mary looked as though she................... (have) little sleep the night before, but she had gone to bed quite early.

10. When he speaks, it sounds as if English.......... (not be) his first language.

11. The sauce tastes as if you...................................... (put) too much salt in it.

12. She spoke about university as though she......... (spend) years there but in fact she’d only spent a month there.

13. The weather here is so bad. It looks as though we... (have to) holiday abroad.

14. My sister isn’t rich but she spends money as if she...... (have) loads of it.

15. She acts as though she............... (be) confident but in fact she’s quite shy.

16. She behaved as if nothing............................................................. (happen).

17. When Moira broke off their relationship, John behaved as if the world.... (end).

18. That woman looks as though she..... (fain). Bring her some water.

19. He talks about karate as if he... (have) a black belt, but we know he has only just started lessons.

Exercise 6 Use two to five words to complete the sentences. Use the words in bold. Put the verbs into the Indicative mood or Subjunctive II

1. Someone must have added too much salt to the soup.

though The soup tasted ………….....……….too much salt.

2. Helen didn't study science at university, but sometimes she talks about it like an expert on the subject.

as Helen didn't study science at university, but sometimes she

talks about it..............…….(be) an expert on the subject.

3. He seems to have put on weight since I last saw him.

if He looks …………….…. on weight since I last saw him.

4. She had a feeling that she had been in that house before.

if She felt ………………............….. in that house before.

5. He isn't a rock star but he behaves like one.

though He behaves …………................................. a rock star.

6. She seemed to need a rest.

if She looked …………….................................. a rest.

7. Someone must have used too much garlic in the sauce.

if The sauce tasted ............................ too much garlic.

8. You look like you have got lost.

if You look …................................…………....... lost.

9. She behaves like a beauty queen.

as She behaves …….........................……. a beauty queen.

10. He orders me like his slave.

as He orders ……................................……….. his slave.

11. Peter is 22 but he is childish.

if Peter acts ………………………. a child.

Exercise 7 Translate using Subjunctive II in the ‘as if-clauses’.

E.g: Адже я не можу допомогти. – It is not as if I could help.

Їй здавалося, що вона все забула. – She felt as though she had forgotten everything.

1. Двигун, здавалось, перетворився на дикого звіра.

2. Мені здається, що тепер я могла б її зрозуміти.

3. Він говорив впевнено, так ніби нарешті прийняв рішення.

4. Він здавався цілком здоровим.

5. Він дивився на мене так, ніби не розумів що я маю на увазі.

6. Адже я нічого не обіцяв.

7. Адже я нічого і не зміг би зробити.

8. Кімната виглядала так, ніби нею довго ніхто не користувався.

9. Вони розмовляли дуже тихо, так, ніби вони були у церкві.

10. Мені здавалося, що ніхто не міг би мене зупинити.

11. Здавалося, ніби вона намагалася нас попередити.

12. Він засміявся, але це звучало так, ніби він ричав. (growl)

13. Моріс сидів не рухаючись, так ніби і не чув Джека.

14. Я тут ніби чужим всім.

15. Здавалося, ніщо не могло її заспокоїти.

16. У мене таке відчуття, ніби я знаю тебе вічність.

17. Вона почувала себе дуже втомленою, ніби вона весь день працювала.

Exercise 8 Complete the sentences.

1. Tom is so serious. He behaves …………..

2. Mary is so cheerful. She sounds ………….

3. Nick looks suntanned. He looks ………….

4. Helen doesn’t seem very pleased with our results. She talks

5. Mark looks so excited. He behaves ……….

6. Peter looks exhausted. He looks …………..

7. John seems scared. He behaves ……………

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