Task 8. Answer the questions according to the text.

1. What is a crime scene?

2. What questions are to be answered during a crime scene observation?

3. What specialists are involved in the process of a crime scene search?

4. What activities does the crime scene investigation unit perform while observing and documenting a crime scene?

5. What two categories of evidence could be found at the crime scene?

6. What is digital evidence?

7. What are the rules of packaging evidence?

8. Why is it important to protect the integrity of the scene?

9. What does the phrase “preservation and protection of a crime scene” mean?

Task 9. Which of the statements are true? Correct the false ones.

1. Crime scene is a direct source of information, but interview and interrogation are much more crucial for a quick crime solution.

2. It is necessary to provide a search within the scope of the committed crime location.

3. On the whole there are at least seven components in the processing of a crime scene.

4. All components of the crime scene processing are equally important for the crime solution.

5. It is important to start collecting, packing and tagging with the most delicate and easily destroyed types of evidence.

6. Obviously there is some latent evidence at the crime scene.

7. Taping a crime scene is number one action in the processing of any crime scene.

8. The better the chain of custody is maintained the more effective the detection of crime would be.

Task 10. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:

важная информация,судебный эксперт, шаг за шагом, эскиз, автоматизированное оформление рисунка, невооруженным глазом, электронные доказательства, измерительные средства, делать записи, третий по счету, изображения, маркировать, объединенные усилия в процессе расследования преступления, система обеспечения передачи и охраны вещественных доказательств, сохранить в том же физическом состоянии.

Glossary to the Text

access ['xkses]—доступ

accomplice [ə'kOmplIs] — сообщник, соучастник (преступления)

adherence [əd'hIər(q)n(t)s] —строгое соблюдение,приверженность, верность

afford —предоставлять, давать

aid (in) —помочь в

alibi ['xlIbaI] — алиби

alter ['Lltq] — изменять, менять, видоизменять, переделывать

blood [blAd] —кровь

comprehensive — всесторонний, полный, всеобъемлющий

conserve [kqn'sE:v] — беречь, охранять, сберегать, сохранять

contaminate — загрязнять, заражать

contamination — порча, загрязнение, заражение, разложение, загрязненность

cover — охватывать, покрывать

custody — охрана, задержание, лишение свободы, содержание под стражей

damage — повреждать, портить, наносить ущерб, убыток

destruction [dI'strAkS(q)n] — разрушение, уничтожение

dispose of —отделаться, избавиться, ликвидировать

entire [In'taIq] — весь, целый, полный

establish —устанавливать, основывать, учреждать

fibre ( = fiber)—нить, волокно, клетчатка

forensic scientist —судебный эксперт

fragile ['frxGaIl] — ломкий, хрупкий

integrity — целостность нетронутость, неприкосновенность, честность

intent —намерение, умысел, замысел, цель, желание

item —отдельный предмет, пункт, параграф, статья, вопрос

kidnap —похищать людей

overall —полный, общий, от начала до конца

packaging — упаковка, герметизация

preserve —сохранять, сберегать, оберегать, охранять, защищать

proximity —близость, соседство

refute [rI'fjHt] — опровергать, доказывать ложность, несостоятельность

relevant —уместный, относящийся к делу, релевантный

retrieve —отыскивать, извлекать

search — n обыск, досмотр, расследование, исследование, осмотр; v искать, разыскать (search out), обыскивать, исследовать, расследовать

seizure ['sJZq]—изъятие, конфискация, наложение ареста

shoeprint — отпечаток обуви, след ботинка

sketch — n эскиз, набросок; v рисовать эскиз, делать набросок

take notes — делать записи

tertiary ['tE:S(q)rI]—относящийся к третьему рангу, классу, ступени; третий

tire — шина, покрышка

visible —видимый, видный

visualize ['vIZuqlaIz]—отчетливо представлять себе, мысленно видеть

warrant ['wOr(q)nt] —ордер (на арест, обыск и т. п.); предписание, приказ

Text B

Task 11. Read the text “What is Forensic science?” Fill in the blanks with words and expressions given in the box. Use capital letters if necessary.

A) physical evidence; B) forensic science; C) ballistics; D)digital forensics; E) forensic anthropology; F)forensic toxicology; G) forensic entomology; H) forensic psychology; I) crime scene investigation; J) forensic geology; K) the founding principle; L) forensic pathology; M)forensic odontology

What is Forensic science?

Nowadays there are a lot of different forensic techniques being used for proper crime scene investigation and quick and accurate crime solution. It is imperative that crime scene experts should identify a crucial role of forensic science in this process.

1_____is the application of various scientific disciplines to legal investigations. It begins at the crime scene which can provide useful information that must be carefully, systemically, scientifically, and legally collected.

French criminologist and forensic science pioneer Dr. Edmond Locard developed 2_____ of forensic science, which has become known as the Locard Exchange Principle: it focuses on the fact that every contact leaves a trace. It means that whenever a person commits a crime that person leaves behind some item of evidence at the crime scene that was not there prior to the suspect's arrival and, likewise, takes away something that was there before.

In relation to 3_____, its range is enormous, for example, a piece of evidence may be so small that a microscope is needed to see it, or as large as a truck. The criminalist examines and identifies hair, fibers, blood, seminal and body fluid stains, alcohol, drugs, paint, glass, soil, flammables, identifies firearms and compares bullets, tool markings, and footprints.

There are several specialized branches of forensic science used in a myriad of ways to help solve crimes.

Although the term criminalistics is often used interchangeably with the term forensic science, it is in fact as the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) acknowledges a distinct discipline that operates along with other disciplines under the umbrella of forensic science. 4_______ is a branch of forensic science and it is the process of examining a crime scene and collecting, recording and preserving any evidence that is found.

5 _____is the forensic technique also known as Data Recovery used to recover data from digital or electronic media.

6 _____is concerned with identifying human remains based on the skeleton. By studying remains, specialists are able to identify age, gender, ancestry and unique features of the deceased.

7 ____ is the scientific study of the characteristics of projectiles and firearms such as bullets or missiles, and the way they move in flight. It is employed in detection and identification of weapons used in crimes.

8 ___ deals with the evidence in the forms of soils and minerals.

9 ____ focuses on the study of insects that are on or around the human remains. These particular insects can be used to determine time, location and even cause of death. It can also help determine whether the body had been moved post mortem.

10 ____ is a forensic technique that studies the teeth to determine identity. It can also analyze bite marks left behind on a victim, both living and deceased, to determine the guilty party.

11____ is a forensic technique used to determine cause of death in a legal inquiry using the principles of medicine and pathology. Specialists working in this sphere also referred to as medical examiners are medical doctors focused on the death of a person.

12 ____ discovers the circumstance behind a criminal behaviour by using forensic methods to study the criminal’s mind.

13 ____ studies the effect of a poison/drug on a person who appeared to be a victim of a crime. In other circumstances, drug and alcohol use can help to determine and narrow down potential suspects.

There are a number of other smaller disciplines in forensic science recognized by the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) that are relied upon to help solve cases. Particular experts are called upon when expertise is required and sought out in a legal or criminal matter.

Glossary to the Text “What is Forensic science?”

body fluid — жидкий компонент организма; биологическая жидкость

ancestry ['xnsestrI] — предки, прародители

deceased [dI'sJst] — покойный, умерший

enormous [I'nLmqs] — громадный, гигантский, обширный, огромный

flammables — горючие вещества, легковоспламеняющиеся вещества

founding principle — основополагающий принцип

insect — насекомое

in relation to — относительно, что касается

likewise — подобно, так же

poison — яд, отрава

post mortem — после смерти, посмертный...

projectile — (реактивный) снаряд, пуля, ракета

remains — останки, прах

seminal fluid — семенная жидкость, сперма

soil — грунт, земля, почва

stain — пятно

under the umbrella —под руководством, под защитой, под охраной

Text C

Task 12. Look through the list of Do’s and Don’ts crime scene specialists should follow working at the crime scene. Do you think all these instructions are of great practical value? Discuss them with your partner.

Start every case with the expectation of solving it.

Until the evidence points to a particular suspect, keep an open mind.

Remember, just because you believe something, doesn’t make it true.

Learn how to recognize, preserve, handle, package and mark physical evidence.

In gathering crime scene evidence, use the rule of inclusiveness.

Make crime scene sketches that include accurate measurements.

Take plenty of crime scene photographs; there will not be another chance to do so.

Maintain sole custody of the evidence you have recovered until it is turned over to crime lab personnel, thus avoiding chain-of-custody problems.

Absent special circumstances, conduct crime scene investigations in daylight.

Through the interpretation of crime scene evidence, for example, blood splatter analysis, bullet holes and various kinds of impression evidence, reconstruct what had taken place at the crime scene.

Be alert to the possibility that the crime scene has been sanitized or in some way altered by the criminal.

Don’t handle or even touch physical evidence before it is photographed.

Don’t allow anyone on the scene who has no immediate investigative reason to be on the site. Only essential people may enter so that you can conduct your investigation.

Don’t leave the crime scene until you finish processing it.

Task 13. Read the text paying attention to structure of the Imperative Mood of the English Verb. Translate the list into Russian.

IV. Listening

Task 1. Listen to the information about the activities of Crime Scene Personnel during the reconstruction of a crime scene. Name all the participants of a search in the order the speaker introduces them.

1. …..; 2. …..; 3. …..; 4. …..; 5. …..; 6. …….

Task 2. Listen to the second part of the text and chose a correct type of specialist the speaker is talking about. Different types of forensic specialists are presented in the box below:

а) forensic scientist; b) DNA profile examiner; c) forensic odontologist; d) forensic pathologist; e) forensic toxicologist; f) crime lab technician; g) forensic entomologist; h) forensic anthropologist; i) ballistics expert; j) blood splatter analysis expert

V. Speaking

Task 1. Name some potential primary and secondary crime scenes in the following crimes: bank robbery, burglary, murder, theft, kidnapping.

Task 2. The principle that every contact leaves a trace is one of the most important considerations in the crime scene reconstruction. Paul Kirk, who is considered to be the father of modern criminalistics, advanced this idea in the following quote. Give your interpretation of the statement and further it in a form of a dialogue. Use the following speech phrases in your answers:

Do you really think that …? I have absolutely no doubt that …

Don’t you think that …? My view about this idea is positive.

Am I right in thinking that…? I’m afraid I can’t agree. I don’t accept that.

I agree with some, but not all, of what you are saying.

“Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves — even unconsciously — will serve as silent evidence against him. Not only his fingerprints and his shoeprints, but also his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen that he deposits or collects — all these and more bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the moment. It is not absent because witnesses are. It is factual evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong; it cannot perjure itself; it cannot be wholly absent. Only in its interpretation can there be error. Only human failure to find, study, and understand it can diminish its value”.

http://www.crimescenejournal.com

Task 3. Make presentation on the topic “Crime scene observation”. Keep in mind the plan for presentation and steps to follow. There are some tips:

1. Start with words and collocations which are key terms for your topic.

2. Define the subject matter of your talk.

3. Brainstorm the audience with questions they are able to answer.

4. Give the definition of the terms “crime scene” and “crime scene search”.

5. Steps of crime scene processing.

• Developing a plan of action.

• Note taking.

• Crime scene photography.

• Sketching the crime scene.

• Types of evidence.

• Collecting and packaging evidence.

• Experts engaged in searching a crime scene.

Task 4. Using the information of the Unit prepare a briefing on the activity of crime scene personnel during the process of a crime scene observation.

VI. Writing

Task 1. There are some initial instructions that all participants of a crime scene observation are to comply. Write down more recommendations of your own how to search a crime scene carefully. Mind the structure of the Imperative Mood.

1. Obtain a warrant. A warrant allows you to enter the crime scene.

2. Arrive early. You will be able to see the crime scene in its original state.

3. Wear gloves to collect evidence.

Task 2. Imagine you are an investigator searching a crime scene, read the scenario of a criminal situation and using a pattern of police report as a model write your own report of a crime scene search.

Don’t forget that notes are the most important part of processing the scene. They should be complete and written clearly and legibly. Notes should include: 1) date and time; 2) location, environment and weather description; 3) description of the scene; 4) written description of physical evidence, location, time of discovery and packaging; 5) names of the people involved.

Pattern of a Police Report

Items to be included in the report:

· Existing witness reports

· Description of the crime scene:

• Address • Specific crime committed

• Crime scene evidence • Locations

• Date • Time

· Chronological narrative (include each of the following, if they apply):

• How did you come upon the scene? • Who was involved?

• Which investigative avenues are being taken? • What was said?

· Arrests made

· Evidence

· Description of witnesses

· Description of the crime committed

· Details about other officers involved

· Any other relevant factors

Scenario

Borwin police were called out in the early hours of Sunday, 6th July, 2013 by Mr. Kasemsit, who stated that whilst he was out, his grocery store had just been broken into and his wife and son had been attacked and tied up by the burglars, resulting in millions of baht worth of goods being taken. According to the wife, she woke up with a torch shining in her face and then one of the intruders kicked her and tied both her and her son up before ransacking the premises, taking away countless valuable gold chains, cash, bank books, ATM cards and cartons of cigarettes. Police noted that the CCTV had been covered and the recording machine was missing, so the thieves knew the layout of the premises, by breaking in from the rear, lifting the ceiling and covering the camera. A report was made and a full investigation is now underway.

UNIT 13
IDENTIFICATION IN POLICE INVESTIGATION

STARTING UP

Task 1. What can you tell about the ways of identifying an individual presented in the pictures?

Task 2. What do you think? Discuss the following questions with a partner. Use the following phrases to start:

I think that …; I believe that…; I consider that…;

In my opinion, …; To my mind,…; If you ask me, …

In what fields is identification used? Can you give examples of positive identification of suspects / criminals from the books or films? Is it necessary to have special identification officers in a criminal investigation department / police forces? What scientific methods of identification do you know?

Дата добавления: 2015-10-26