Vocabulary exercises. I. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian and use them in the sentences of your own:

I. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian and use them in the sentences of your own:

it is noteworthy that …; different kinds of; to vary from … to; also known as; common; to be not … enough; some …, while others …; to play a role; to enable; from one generation to the next; to provide.

II. Choose the synonyms of the following words from the text. Translate them:

to vary, vast, diversity, enough, to determine, trait, to mix, to mean, to speed up, defense

sufficiently, to identify, feature, to combine, variety, to differ, enormous, to stand for, to accelerate, protection

III. Choose the antonyms of the following words from the text. Translate them:

rich, immense, dynamic, roughly, individual, dry, sophisticated, to enable, direct, different, foreign

tiny, indirect, accurately, collective, similar, native, poor, inactive, wet, to forbid, simple

VI. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the word mean:

1. We have all means to produce good results in our work. 2. We improve soil structure by means of proper crop rotation. 3. What does this word mean? 4. If the lecture takes place I will come by all means. 5. Like some people you didn’t understand the meaning of this work. 6. His colleagues thought he looked terribly aged, although he was by no means an old man.

V. Match the word (1-10) and its definition (a-j):

1. molecule	a. a polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; the two types are DNA and RNA
2. carbohydrate	b. the simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides
3. lipid	c. a polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions
4. protein	d. a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached
5. nucleic acid	e. any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water
6. macromolecule	f. a biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure
7. monosaccharide	g. a sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides)
8. disaccharide	h. two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
9. polysaccharide	i. a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction
10. steroid	j. a double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction

VI. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:

1. chemical, organisms, in, All, of, their, are, cells, living, similar, composition.

2. form, the, Life, of, protein, is, the, existence, of, bodies.

3. is, full, thousands, of, different, Our, catalysts, body, of.

4. room, all, they, for, enzymes, the, have, Cells, enough, need.

5. of, A, all, very, simply, protoplasm, water, large, is, part.

6. than, proceeding, before, Biological, more, research, is, rapidly.

7. proteins, There, a, of, is, tremendous, variety.

8. acid, Average, contains, molecule, protein, 500, molecules, amino, about.

VII. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:

1. Ліпіди – це група органічних речовин, що входять до складу живих організмів.

2. Жири є формою запасання енергії, а фосфоліпіди та стероїди входять до складу біологічних мембран.

3. Хоча генетичний код більшості організмів визначає лише 20 «стандартних» амінокислот, їхнє комбінування уможливлює створення великого розмаїття білків із різними властивостями.

4. Функції білків у клітині різноманітніші, ніж функції інших біополімерів – полісахаридів і нуклеїнових кислот.

5. Регуляція транспорту й метаболізму амінокислот – складний процес.

6. Природні нуклеїнові кислоти – ДНК і РНК – виконують у всіх живих організмах роль передачі й експресії генетичної інформації.

7. Вуглеводи є складовою частиною клітин усіх живих організмів.

8. Вуглеводи є найпоширенішими органічними сполуками.

9. Дисахариди – вуглеводи, що розкладаються на дві молекули моносахаридів.

10. Ліпіди не є макромолекулами, оскільки вони не створюють великих ковалентно зв'язаних молекул.

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