A. Training Exercises. Exercise 2. 1. State the type of Subjunctive mood:

Exercise 2.1. State the type of Subjunctive mood:

1. If only she knew where the girl was and how she was getting on! 2. If it were not for the expense involved, I’d certainly travel by plane. 3. Had the train left on schedule we would be nearing Manchester now. 4. She would never have gotten that job if she had mentioned who her husband was. 5. You wouldn’t have quarreled if you had the habit of thinking before you speak. 6. Ten years ago I would have done the same. 7. If you had taken the pill in the morning you would feel better now. 8. You might as well jump from the Empire State Building! 9. Sam and Betty would be happier if they had children. 10. He wished I didn’t have to stay with those boring people. 11. But for the rain we would go for a walk. 12. He held the microphone tenderly as if it were a woman, swinging it tenderly this way and that. 13. I’d rather you did the job without my assistance. 14. It’s time we all came to terms with reality at last. 15. I would gladly write a novel about this nice little incident. 16. Even if I’d known who she was, I would have done the same thing. 17. If I knew German I would have helped that tourist yesterday. 18. If only I had arrived a little earlier! 19. If he were wiser, he wouldn’t have found himself in such an awkward situation. 20. The house looked as if it were going to fall apart any moment.

Exercise 2.2. Study the use of Subjunctive mood in the utterances below and answer the questions:

A. Which of these utterances might apply to a good student, a lazy student, or an ex-student?

1. If he worked hard, he’d pass.

2. If he had worked hard, he’d have passed.

3. He’ll pass if he works hard.

B. Which of these utterances might indicate a good chance of recovery, a poor chance, or a dead chance?

1. If we had operated, he’d live.

2. If we operated now, he’d live.

3. If we operate now, he’ll live.

C. Which of these utterances might indicate good sausages, barely eatable sausages, or bad sausages?

1. If you had cooked them, they’d be all right.

2. If you cooked them, they’d be all right.

3. If you cook them, they’ll be all right.

Exercise 2.3. Put in the correct form for the words in brackets:

E.g. If I (to know) her name I (to tell) you. ⇨ If I knew her name I would tell you.

1. The kitchen (to look) better if we (to have) red curtains. 2. I (to be) sorry if we (not to see) her again. 3. It (to be) a pity if Andy (not to get) the job. 4. If I (to know) his address I (to go) round and see him. 5. What (you/to do) if you (to win) the lottery? 6. It (to be) quicker if you (to use) a computer. 7. If you (not to be) so busy, I (to show) you how to play. 8. If we (to have) some eggs, I (to make) you a cake. 9. If you really (to love) me, you (to buy) me those diamonds. 10. It (to be) nice if you (to help me a bit with the housework.

Exercise 2.4. Put in the correct verb form:

E.g. She (to be) perfectly happy if she (to have) a car. ⇨ She would be perfectly happy if she had a car.

1. I’m sure Moira (to help) you if you (to ask) her. 2. If it (not to be) cold, I (to tidy) up the garden. 3. If I (to have) the keys, I (to show) you the cellar. 4. If I (to have) children like hers, I (to send) them to boarding school. 5. Where (you/to go) if you (to need) to buy a picture frame? 6. (you/to mind) if I (to go) first? 7. If all of us (to come), (you/to have) room in your car? 8. It (to be) nice if you (to spend) some time with the children. 9. I (not to do) this if I (not to have) to. 10. What (you/to do) if you (to lose) your job?

Exercise 2.5. Choose the correct verb forms:

1. If she (comes/came) late again, she’ll lose her job. 2. I’ll let you know if I (find/found) out what’s happening. 3. If we (live/lived) in a town, life would be easier. 4. I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive/arrived) early. 5. (We’ll/We’d) phone you if we have time. 6. If I won the lottery, I (will/would) give you half the money. 7. It (will/would) be a pity if she married Fred. 8. If I’m free on Saturday, I (will/would) go to the mountains. 9. She (will/would) have a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this. 10. I know I’ll feel better if I (stop/stopped) smoking.

Exercise 2.6. Choose the most sensible verb for:

1. If I (live/ lived) to be 60…. 2. If I (live/ lived) to be 150…. 3. If I (am/ were) better looking…. 4. If I (wake/ woke) up early tomorrow…. 5. If Scotland (declares/ declared) war on Switzerland…. 6. If everybody (give/ gave) ten per cent of their income to charity…. 7. If there (is/ was) nothing good on TV tonight…. 8. If my English (is/ was) better next year…. 9. If the government (bans/ banned) cars from city centres next year…. 10. If I (have/ had) bad dreams tonight….

Exercise 2.7. Complete these sentences using could or might to express a possibility:

E.g. I (lend) you my car if you wanted. ⇨ I could lend you my car if you wanted.

1. If it wasn’t raining, we (to play) tennis. 2. If you stopped eating so many cakes, you (to get) slimmer. 3. If he wasn’t so bad-tempered, I (to go) out with him. 4. If he had more money, he (to get) a small flat. 5. If you spoke more slowly, I (to understand) you better. 6. If you cooked it in butter, it (to taste) better. 7. If you used the Tube, you (to get) there faster. 8. If she used less make-up, she (to look) less vulgar. 9. If I had enough time, I (to come) to see you. 10. If my sister had a better-paid job, she (to take) out a mortgage.

Exercise 2.8. Put in the correct verb form to speak about the past events:

E.g. I (to be) in bad trouble if Jane (not to help) me. ⇨ I would have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn’t helped me.

1. If I (to know) you were coming, I (to invite) some friends in. 2. He (to go) to university if his father (not to be) ill. 3. If you (to say) you weren’t hungry, I (not to cook) such a big meal. 4. The team (to win) if Jones (to play) better. 5. If they (not to cut) off the electricity, I (to finish) my work. 6. If Bell (not to invent) the telephone, somebody else (to do) it. 7. If you (not to spend) so much time making up, we (not to be) late. 8. The burglars (not to get) in if you (to remember) to lock the door. 9. If he (not to be) a film star, he (not to become) President. 10. If she (to have) more sense, she (to sell) her car years ago. 11. If he (not to spend) so much on his holidays he (to have) enough to pay for the house repairs. 12. You (not to catch) cold if you (to take) your coat. 13. You (to win) if you (to run) a bit faster. 14. We (to get) better tickets if we (to book) earlier. 15. It (to be) better if you (to ask) me for help.

Exercise 2.9. Complete these sentences using could or might to express your regret or reproach:

E.g. If I had run a bit faster, I (to win). ⇨ If I had run a bit faster, I could have won.

1. If you had worked harder, you (to pass) your exam. 2. If I hadn’t been so tired, I (to realize) what was happening. 3. If my niece had had a better music teacher at school, she (to become) a pianist instead of a typist. 4. If they had been more tolerant towards each other, they (to quarrel) less. 5. If she’d asked me politely, I (to feel) like helping her. 6. If she hadn’t looked so defiant during the interview, she (to get) that job. 7. If you had read that essay, you (to find) answers to your questions. 8. If he hadn’t been rude to his mother, she (to allow) him to go to the disco. 9. If you had signed the cheque, I (to cash) it. 10. If you’d shown the identification card before, you (to be allowed) to enter the building.

Exercise 2.10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense forms, using mixed conditionals:

E.g. If you (to sign) the cheque yesterday, I (to cash) it now. ⇨ If you had signed the cheque yesterday, I would cash it now.

1. If she (not to drink) so much yesterday, she (to feel) much better today. 2. If you (not to invite) me to the party, I (to be) here now. 3. If I (not to spend) all the money on the new DVD-player, I (to be able) to buy the back power for my computer now. 4. If we (not to take) the wrong turning, we (to be) late at the moment. 5. If I (to take) enough money when I went out, I (to hail) a taxi to get home now. 6. If I (not to forget) to recharge the battery, I (to use) my cello-phone now. 7. If he (to pack) his pullover, he (not to be) cold now. 8. If the money (to arrive) before Tuesday, they (not to be) in trouble now. 9. I he (to buy) the newspaper yesterday, he (to be able) to see the football results now. 10. If she (not to lose) her passport, she (not to have) to go to the embassy now.

Exercise 2.11. Fill the gaps in the sentences using the given words:

E.g. If I had more money, would you marry me? (you/to marry)

1. He wouldn’t help you if __ you. (he/not/to like) 2. __ the machine is quite simple to operate if you looked at the manual. (you/to find) 3. __ proud if they could see me now? (my parents/not/to be) 4. If __ thoroughly, I might fail the test. (I/not/to revise) 5. If you wanted to buy someone a really good present, what sort of thing __. (you/to look for) 6. You’d have a lot more friends if __ so mean. (you/not/to be) 7. How __ if you were in my position? (you/to feel) 8. Would you change your job if __? (you/can) 9. __ envious if they could only see me now?! (my friends/to be) 10. Would you work harder if __ better paid? (you/to be)

Exercise 2.12. Lisa is discussing with her tutor what she might do when she leaves college. Use the words given to make sentences:

E.g. TUTOR: Do you have any plans for next year?

LISA: Well, I/ to travel/ if I/ to afford it. ⇨ I’d travel if I could afford it.

TUTOR: If you/ to find/ a job abroad/ you/ to take it?

LISA: If it/ to be/ somewhere I want to go/ I/ certainly/ to consider it carefully.

TUTOR: What about working as an “au pair”?

LISA: I/ only/ to consider/ that if I/ to be/ sure about the family. If they/ not/ to treat/ me well, I/ to be miserable.

TUTOR: Yes. You/ to have to be sure to use a reputable agency. We have a list in the office. I/ to get/ you one if you/ to be interested.

LISA: Yes, I am. Um, if I/ to decide/ to apply/ you/ to give/ me a reference?

TUTOR: Of course. Well, I hope you succeed, whatever you decide to do.

LISA: Thank you very much. I’ll let you know.

TUTOR: Yes, I’d like that. Goodbye.

LISA: Goodbye.

Exercise 2.13. Put the right forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the story about the three friends:

While trying to sail round the world in a small boat, Harry, Sandy and Joe were shipwrecked one night.

“I wish there (to be) an island nearby,” Harry said.

By morning, they were washed up on to a desert island. For six months they lived on fish, nuts and fruit. One day, they saw a bottle on the shore.

“If only it (to contain) a note or something!” Sandy said.

They opened it and a genie appeared.

“It’s high time someone (to open) that bottle!” the genie gasped. “I’m so grateful, I’ll give you one wish each. You first,” the genie said, pointing to Harry.

“That’s easy,” Harry said. “I wish I (to be) with my family.” And woooosh! He disappeared.

“Me too,” Sandy said. “If only I (can be) in dear Glasgow.” And woooosh! Off he went.

“And you, sir?” the genie asked Joe.

“I wish I (to have) my friends back!” Joe said. And woooosh!

***

· What would you do if you found yourself in similar conditions as the three friends?

· If you were granted one wish by a genie, would you wish for? Give your reasons.

Exercise 2.14. Put in the right conditionals:

Grygori Pilikian recently celebrated his 114^th birthday and reporters visited him in his mountain village in Georgia to find out the secret of a long life. “The secret of a long life,” George said, “is happiness. If you (to be) happy, you’ll live a long time.”

“Are you married?” a reporter asked.

“Yes Grygori replied. “I married my third wife when I was 102. If you’re happily married, you (to live) forever. But for my third wife, I (to die) years ago.”

“What about smoking and drinking?” the reporter asked.

“yes, they are important,” Grygori said. “Don’t smoke at all and you (to feel) well. Drink two glasses of wine a day and you (to be) healthy and happy.”

“If you (can live) your life again, what (you/to do)?”

“I (to do) what I have done. If I (to have) more sense, I (to eat) more yoghourt!” Grygori chuckled.

“Supposing you can change) one thing in your life, what (you/to change)?” another reporter asked.

“Not much,” Grygori replied.

“So you don’t have any regrets?”

“Yes, I have one regret,” Grygori replied. “If I (to know) I was to live so long, I (to look) after myself better!”

Exercise 2.15. Match the two parts of these sentences:

1. If you are promoted

2. If you lost your job

3. If you were promoted

4. If you hadn’t been promoted

5. If you had lost your job

6. If you apologize

7. If you are afraid

a) You’d be able to change the system

b) Would you have left the firm?

c) You won’t be sacked.

d) You won’t get a reference.

e) Will you make any change?

f) You’d regret it.

g) You’d have lost your car as well.

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