Give synonyms to the following words.

1. oil pools – 2. deposits of petroleum - 3. drive - 4. push through - 5. exist - 6. help –

7. part - 8. need - 9. make - 10. extraction – 11. uncontrolled pressure well – 12. decrease -

Define the following terms.

1. drive	5. artificial lift
2. dissolved – gas drive	6. gravity drive
3. gas – cap drive	7. compaction drive
4. water drive	8. combination drive

State whether the following statements are true or false.

Correct the false statements.

1. Oil does not really flow rapidly through sand or rock.

2. To lift the fluid to the surface small amount of energy is needed.

3. The forces that push the oil are called natural ones.

4. As gas expands, it exerts the pressure which pushes the oil through the reservoir.

5. Artificial lift – is when sufficient pressure energy exists.

6. For the gravity drive to be effective low structural dip is required.

7. A great deal of oil wasted when a well gushed.

8. The petroleum industry today is concerned about stopping wasteful gushers.

Answer the following questions.

1. The term “oil pools” refers to deposits of petroleum, doesn’t it?

2. What do deposits look like?

3. When does natural flow occur?

4. Are there two kinds of natural drives?

5. In what condition does gas occur in the oil?

6. What type of natural drive makes the recovery slow?

7. Why must oil be pumped to the surface?

8. In what wells is the pressure without control?

In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantages of drive mechanisms you know.

Express your own point of view using the following expressions:

I think …	Я думаю …
I believe …	Я полагаю …
As I see it, …	Как я это вижу, …
As I understand it …	Насколько я понимаю …
I should say …	Я бы сказал …
From my point of view …	С моей точки зрения …
My own point of view of the problem is …	Моя личная точка зрения на данный вопрос состоит в (том, что) …

WORDLIST

ENGLISH	RUSSIAN
abandon a well	ликвидировать скважину, прекращать бурение по техническим или геологическим причинам
acid fluid solution	кислый электролит
acid fracturing (high pressure acidizing)	кислотный разрыв
acidizing	кислотная обработка
acoustic logs	диаграмма акустического каротажа
acoustic velocity	акустическая скорость
bit	долото
“bridging”	закупоривание, перекрывание
caliper logs	кавернограмма
Christmas tree	фонтанная арматура («ёлка»)
conductivity	удельная проводимость
contamination	загрязнение
core barrel	керноотборник
coring	отбор кернов
coring gun	стреляющий боковой керноотборник
cuttings	буровой шлам
cоre bullet	боёк стреляющего керноотборника
density logs	диаграмма плотностного каротажа
differential sticking	прихват бурильной колонны за счёт перепада давления в стволе скважины
dissolve	растворять
dissolved – gas drive	режим растворённого газа
drill stem	бурильная колонна
drilling mud	буровой раствор
drilling site	буровая площадка
drive	пластовый режим
field	месторождение
flow capacity	пропускная способность
fluid properties	свойства флюида
flushed zone	зона проникновения фильтрата (бурового раствора)
formation segregation	разобщение пластов
fracture	разрыв, трещина
fracturing	гидроразрыв пласта
full core	керн, полученный при колонковом бурении
gamma-ray logdensity logs	диаграмма гамма – каротажа плотности
gas –cap drive	газонапорный режим
hydraulic fracturing	гидравлический разрыв пласта
induction electrical log	диаграмма индукционного каротажа
injection	нагнетание
invaded zone	зона проникновения (фильтрата бурового раствора)
logging	геофизические исследования в скважинах, каротаж
matrix (low pressure) acidizing	матричная обработка (под давлением ниже давления гидроразрыва пласта)
mooring cable	швартовный канат
mud filtrate	фильтрат бурового раствора
mudcake	глинистая корка (образующаяся на стенках скважины в результате фильтрации промывочной жидкости в области пористых и проницаемых отложений)
neutron logs	диаграмма нейтронного каротажа
oil sands	нефтяные пески
plug	заглушка
pool	залежь, бассейн
propellent stimulation	интенсификация притока флюидов в скважину при помощи пропеллента
proppant fracturing	гидроразрыв с расклинивающим агентом
proved reserves	доказанные запасы
radioactivity logs	диаграмма радиоактивного каротажа (гамма – каротажа)
reserves	запасы
reservoir evaluation	оценка свойств и запасов коллектора
resistivity	удельное сопротивление
resistivity logs	каротаж по методу сопротивления
resource	ресурсы
secondary recovery	вторичная добыча
sidewall coring	отбор кернов боковым керноотборником
sonic logs	акустический каротаж
spontaneous (self) potential logs (SP Logs)	диаграмма каротажа потенциалов самопроизвольной поляризаци
stimulation	возбуждение скважины, интенсификация притока флюидов в скважину
treatment	кислотная обработка
ultimate reserves	суммарные запасы
uninvaded zone	не затронутая проникновением зона
velocity асoustic logs	диаграмма акустического каротажа по скорости
water drive	водонапорный режим
wellbore	ствол скважины
wireline well–logging technique	канатный метод каротажа

APPENDIX

USING OIL

Crude oil is mixture of many different hydro­carbons —chemicals which contain only hydro­gen and carbon atoms.

Crude oil is not much use until it is separated into more useful parts, called fractions. This is done by fractional distillation.

Most of the fractions are burnt as fuels. The rest go to make plastics, detergents and many other import­ant chemicals.

1. What is a hydrocarbon?

2. Octane is a hydrocarbon which has eight carbon atoms. Which fraction would you find it in?

3. Which property of hydrocarbons is used to separate them?

4. Which fraction has the lowest boiling range?

5. Which fraction would be the hardest to boil?

6. Which of the fractions are burnt as fuels?

7. Which fraction do you think there is most demand for in the world?

8. What do you think would happen to the price of crude oil if:

(a) all countries banned the use of nuclear power?

(b) the Persian Gulf, through which most of the West's oil is carried, was closed by war?

9. Decide what you think might happen if the oil runs out.

10. Write a paragraph of 100-150 words explaining what you think will happen.

Fig.7. The Fractions

Fig.8.When the oil runs out.

(Stephen Beer, David Edwards “Thinking Through Science”, London, 1989).

REFERENCES

1.	Stephen Beer, David Edwards "Thinking Through Science", London, 1989
2.	Vladimir Belousov "Oil and Gas Industry", Moscow, 2004.
3.	Dictionary for the Petroleum Industry, Schlumberger, Austin, Texas, 1997
4.	Dvoretskaya O.B. "Business English", "Titul" publishers, 2006
5.	Elsevier Encyclopaedia Geology, Vol. I-IV
6.	Norman Hyne "Dictionary of Petroleum Exploration, Drilling and production", Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1998.
7.	Frank John, Mark Cook and Mark Graham, Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (Development in Petroleum Science 46), Amsterdam, 1999.
8.	David Lambert "The Field Guide to Geology", Cambridge University Press, 1998.
9.	F.K. North, Petroleum Geology, London, 1985
10.	Oil and Gas Production Primer, Houston, 1989
11.	Wood’s Illustrated English – Russian \ Russian-English Petroleum Technology Dictionary, ALBION, WOODS Pub.
12.	M. Я. Баракова «Английский язык для горных инженеров», М. «Высшая школа», 2001
INTERNET RESOURCES
13.	Material supplied by the Institute of Petroleum.
14.	http.//www.science. ubc.ca\~geol202\sed\sili\arc.html
15.	Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia. http://www.wikipedia.org/

Т. Ф. ДОЛГАЯ

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